Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology

Download Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402410600
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology by : Zhenchang Wang

Download or read book Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology written by Zhenchang Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas is a pocket manual of imaging diagnosis of the orbital. It includes common imaging techniques, normal imaging features, abnormal orbital imaging of developmental diseases, injury, inflammation, lymphoproliferative diseases, diseases of the eyeball, post-operative changes, vascular diseases, tumors and neuro-ophthalmological diseases. While it particularly focuses on CT and MRI, it also describes other techniques, such as X-ray, ultrasonography and nuclear imaging. The book starts with an overview of commonly used imaging techniques of the orbit a concise description of imaging features of normal orbit in X-ray, CT and MRI. The following nine chapters explore different orbital diseases and abnormalities that are common in clinical work. It is a valuable resource for radiologists and ophthalmologists.

High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology

Download High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030166384
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology by : Josef F. Bille

Download or read book High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology written by Josef F. Bille and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.

Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging

Download Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030548635
Total Pages : 743 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging by : Mehrdad Mohammadpour

Download or read book Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging written by Mehrdad Mohammadpour and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new avenue in the field of ophthalmology and sheds light on the field of eye imaging. With the increasing availability of electronic devices and their important role in both personal and professional aspects of human life, there is a growing need for perfect vision. Ophthalmic imaging is a major tool for screening and documenting eye diseases in both medical and surgical fields of ophthalmology and is also of use for ophthalmologists around the globe. The number of eye-imaging devices has increased dramatically, however undiagnosed or poorly managed eye diseases remain a significant cause of ocular and visual problems worldwide. This essential guide addresses the need for a book that is dedicated to ophthalmic imaging, covering the cornea, glaucoma, retina and orbital imaging with updates on medical and surgical aspects of the topic.

Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology

Download Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JP Medical Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9962678072
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (626 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology by : Amar Agarwal

Download or read book Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology written by Amar Agarwal and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances made in diagnostic and imaging tech¬niques within the past years have revolutionized the clinical approach to, and the management of many ophthalmic diseases. Wavefront and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) have been incorporated as basic tools of refractive surgery, in the assessment of vitreoreti¬nal disorders, optic nerve pathologies, ocular tumors and ocular trauma. This book presents a comprehensive evaluation of current and emerging technologies used for clinical assessment in ophthalmology, as well as an in depth discussion of retinal angiography, both anterior and exterior segments, OCT, VHF ultrasound and other advanced imaging methods and techniques.

Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Download Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SLACK Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 1556429630
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (564 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography by : David Huang

Download or read book Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by David Huang and published by SLACK Incorporated. This book was released on 2010 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourier-Domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the latest technology available to provide high-speed, high-resolution imaging of the cornea, anterior chamber angle, macula, and optic nerve head. It is uniquely suited for ophthalmologists that treat diseases from the front to the back of the eye. Inside Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography, Drs. David Huang, Jay S. Duker, James G. Fujimoto, Bruno Lumbroso, Joel S. Schuman, and Robert N. Weinreb cover up-to-date OCT technology and diagnostic software of the RTVue. It is the first book that covers clinical applications from the front to the back of the eye, as opposed to concentrating either on posterior segment imaging or anterior segment imaging. Inside you'll find: * Explanation of Fourier-Domain OCT technology * Teaching of scan pattern selection * Step-by-step instruction for scan acquisition * Teaching of the interpretations of OCT images and measurements by many case examples * Interpretation of en face images Some chapters covered: * Anterior segment * Cornea * Posterior segment * Retina * Age-related macular degeneration * Diabetic retinopathy * Glaucoma Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography is the must-have book for general ophthalmologists, glaucoma specialists, retina specialists, cornea specialists, and refractive surgeons, as well as biomedical engineers.

Diabetes and Fundus OCT

Download Diabetes and Fundus OCT PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128174404
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diabetes and Fundus OCT by : Ayman S. El-Baz

Download or read book Diabetes and Fundus OCT written by Ayman S. El-Baz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes and Fundus OCT brings together a stellar cast of authors who review the computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems developed to diagnose non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in an automated fashion using Fundus and OCTA images. Academic researchers, bioengineers, new investigators and students interested in diabetes and retinopathy need an authoritative reference to bring this multidisciplinary field together to help reduce the amount of time spent on source-searching and instead focus on actual research and the clinical application. This reference depicts the current clinical understanding of diabetic retinopathy, along with the many scientific advances in understanding this condition. As the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the assessment and management of diabetic retinopathy has become significant in understanding the vireo retinal relationships and the internal architecture of the retina, this information is more critical than ever. Includes unique information for academic clinicians, researchers and bioengineers Provides insights needed to understand the imaging modalities involved, the unmet clinical need that is being addressed, and the engineering and technical approaches applied Brings together details on the retinal vasculature in diabetics as imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography and automated detection of retinal disease

Ophthalmic Imaging

Download Ophthalmic Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317503112
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmic Imaging by : Christye Sisson

Download or read book Ophthalmic Imaging written by Christye Sisson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ophthalmic Imaging serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager. Ophthalmic imaging combines photography and diagnostic imaging to provide insight into not only the health of the eye, but also the health of the human body as a whole. Ophthalmic photographers are specialists in imaging through and in the human eye, one of the only parts of the body where the circulation and nervous system is visible non-invasively. With technical perspective as context, this book will provide instructional techniques as well as the background needed for problem solving in this exciting field. The book covers all aspects of contemporary ophthalmic imaging and provides image support to ophthalmologists and sub-specialties including retinal specialists, corneal specialists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and ocular oncologists. This text serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager, or to imagers just getting started in the field.

Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology

Download Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466559381
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology by : Eddie Y. K. Ng

Download or read book Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology written by Eddie Y. K. Ng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-11 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful thermal modeling of the human eye helps in the early diagnosis of eye abnormalities such as inflammation, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma-all leading causes of blindness. This book presents a unified work of eye imaging and modeling techniques that have been proposed and applied to ophthalmologic problems. It delves into various morphological, texture, higher order spectra, and wavelet transformation techniques used to extract important diagnostic features from images, which can then be analyzed by a data scientist for automated diagnosis.

Glaucoma Imaging

Download Glaucoma Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331918959X
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Glaucoma Imaging by : Antonio Ferreras

Download or read book Glaucoma Imaging written by Antonio Ferreras and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-21 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas offers a truly comprehensive update on the use of imaging technologies for the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma. In addition to standard automated perimetry, gonioscopy, fundus photography, and stereophotography, other advanced, high-resolution methods for imaging the eye in glaucoma are explained in detail, including ultrasound biomicroscopy, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The role of the various tests and the keys to optimizing their use in clinical practice are detailed with the aid of high-quality figures in order to enable the reader to achieve the best possible performance when applying these tools. The risk of developing visual disability and blindness as a consequence of glaucoma varies widely among affected individuals. Personalized testing strategies and tailored therapeutic interventions are required to effectively reduce visual impairment due to glaucoma. Glaucoma Imaging will assist residents, researchers, and clinicians in improving their ability to understand and integrate the information obtained using traditional techniques with the reports provided by computer-assisted image instruments.

Ophthalmic Photography

Download Ophthalmic Photography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmic Photography by : Patrick J. Saine

Download or read book Ophthalmic Photography written by Patrick J. Saine and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve your skills in ophthalmic photography. Learn basic and advanced techniques in fundus photography, retinal and choroidal angiography, and electronic imaging. Prepare most effectively for the OPS and JCAHPO certification exams.

Retinal Imaging

Download Retinal Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mosby
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Retinal Imaging by : David Huang

Download or read book Retinal Imaging written by David Huang and published by Mosby. This book was released on 2006 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SECTION I: IMAGING MODALITIES: BASIC PRINCIPLES & INTERPRETATION -- 1. Fluorescein angiography -- 2. Indocyanine green angiography -- 3. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) -- -- 4. Optical coherence tomographic ophthalmoscopy -- 5. Ultrasound -- 6. Scanning laser tomography -- 7. Scanning laser polarimetry -- 8. Retinal thickness analyzer -- 9. Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy -- 10. Imaging of Ocular Blood Flow -- SECTION II: MACULAR DISEASES -- 11. Non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration -- -- 12. Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration -- 13. Pathologic myopia -- 14. Central serous retinopathy -- 15. Macular holes -- 16. Epiretinal membranes -- 17. Macular dystrophies -- 18. Cystoid macular edema -- 19. Angiod streaks -- 20. Chrorioretinal folds -- SECTION III: RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES -- 21. Diabetic Retinopathy -- 22. Arterial obstructive disease -- 23. Venous obstructive disease -- 24. Parafoveal Telangiectasis -- 25. Coats' disease -- 26. Retinopathy of prematurity -- 27. Ocular ischemic syndrome -- 28. Hypertensive retinopathy -- 29. Radiation retinopathy -- 30. Retinal artery macroanuerysm -- SECTION IV: INFLAMMATORY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- 31. Posterior Scleritis -- -- 32. Pars Planitis -- 33. Sarcoidosis -- 34. Uveal Effusion Syndrome -- 35. White Dot Syndromes -- -- 36. Sympathetic Ophthalmia -- 37. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease -- 38. Syphilis -- 39. Tuberculosis -- 40. Ocular Histoplasmosis -- 41. Fungal Infections -- 42. Endophthalmitis -- 43. Acute Retinal Necrosis -- 44. Toxoplasmosis -- 45. Toxocariasis -- 46. Cysticercosis -- 47. Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis -- 48. Cytomegalovirus Retinitis -- SECTION V: OTHER RETINAL DISEASES -- 49. Ocular Phototoxicity -- 50. Metabolic and nutritional anomalies -- 51. Medications and Retinal Toxicity -- 52. Retinal injuries -- 53. Hereditary/congenital vitreoretinal disorders -- 54. Retinitis pigmentosa and allied disorders -- SECTION VI: TUMORS -- 55. Retinoblastoma -- 56. Choroidal malignant melanoma -- 57. Choroidal nevus -- 58. Cavernous hemangioma of the retina -- 59. Retinal capillary hemangioma -- 60. Choroidal hemangioma -- -- 61. Tuberous sclerosis complex -- 62. Tumors and related lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium -- 63. Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and other pigmented lesions -- 64. Choroidal/retinal metastasis -- 65. Osteomas -- 66. Leukemia /lymphomas -- SECTION VII: OPTIC NERVE DISORDERS -- 67. Optic pits -- 68. Optic nerve head drusen -- 69. Melanocytoma of the optic disc -- 70. Papilledema -- 71. Glaucoma -- 72. Other optic nerve malformations.

Ophthalmology

Download Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535117211
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmology by : Pinakin Davey

Download or read book Ophthalmology written by Pinakin Davey and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together both a review and updates in clinical and research areas. The chapters will be of interest to a wide audience. On one hand, the review and update of clinical practices will interest students and residents, on the other, cutting edge research chapters will be of interest to the researchers in the field. The book is divided into four parts: 1) Review and Updates in Diagnostic Testing, 2) Updates in Anterior Segment Diseases, 3) Updates in Posterior Segment Diseases, and 4) Updates in Research in Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science. The chapters are written by experts and individuals with special interests in topics with a focus on clinical application and translational benefit to eye care.

Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications

Download Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466559152
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications by : E. Y. K. Ng

Download or read book Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications written by E. Y. K. Ng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by and featuring contributions from world-class researchers, Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications offers a unified work of the latest human eye imaging and modeling techniques that have been proposed and applied to the diagnosis of ophthalmologic problems, including inflammation, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. With a foc

Human Eye Imaging and Modeling

Download Human Eye Imaging and Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439869936
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Human Eye Imaging and Modeling by : E. Y. K. Ng

Download or read book Human Eye Imaging and Modeling written by E. Y. K. Ng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Download Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040135544
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography by : Roger Steinert

Download or read book Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography written by Roger Steinert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-speed anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-contact method for high resolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye. As the first text completely devoted to this topic, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography comprehensively explains both the scientific principles and the clinical applications of this exciting and advancing technology. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography enhances surgical planning and postoperative care for a variety of anterior segment applications by expertly explaining how abnormalities in the anterior chamber angle, cornea, iris, and lens can be identified and evaluated using the Visante OCTTM. Inside Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography, Dr. Roger Steinert and Dr. David Huang, along with 22 of the field's leading professionals, provide a wealth of useful clinical and physiological material about this new diagnostic imaging technique. Valuable images are included to assist in the pre- and postoperative assessment of various anterior segment disorders. Additionally, this unique resource contains detailed information on biometric measurements to enhance diagnostic capability. On the leading edge of anterior segment imaging: Mapping of corneal thickness and keratoconus evaluation Measurement of LASIK flap and stromal bed thickness Visualization and measurement of anterior chamber angle and diagnosis of narrow angle glaucoma Measuring the dimensions of the anterior chamber and assessing the fit of intraocular lens implants Visualizing and measuring the results of corneal implants and lamellar procedures Imaging through corneal opacity to see internal eye structures With the increase in popularity of anterior chamber imaging, and anterior segment OCT proving to be the best tool for high resolution biometry, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography is a must-have for anterior segment, refractive, cornea, and glaucoma surgeons.

Dynamic Ophthalmic Ultrasonography

Download Dynamic Ophthalmic Ultrasonography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1451159455
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dynamic Ophthalmic Ultrasonography by : Julian Pancho S. Garcia

Download or read book Dynamic Ophthalmic Ultrasonography written by Julian Pancho S. Garcia and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This video atlas is a dynamic presentation of ultrasound movements observed in the eye and orbit in various ocular conditions encountered in the clinical setting. The book shows the usual movement of a particular tissue and the possible types of motion it could manifest in various pathologic situations. A companion Website shows 180 B-scan ultrasound videos of typical and atypical ophthalmic tissue movements observed in various eye conditions in actual clinical cases. By watching the videos, the viewer becomes familiar with the intricacies of ophthalmic tissue dynamics and learns to interpret ultrasound findings in a logical manner. Several cases are included to test the reader.

Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology

Download Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354027989X
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology by : Wibke S. Müller-Forell

Download or read book Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology written by Wibke S. Müller-Forell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with imaging of pathology of the visual system. This book is divided into two parts, general and special. In the general part, important basics of modern imaging methods are discussed. The knowledge on the indication, technique, and results of functional MR imaging is also presented.