Illegal Markets Violence And Inequality

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Illegal Markets, Violence, and Inequality

Author : Jean Daudelin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319762494
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Illegal Markets, Violence, and Inequality by : Jean Daudelin

Download or read book Illegal Markets, Violence, and Inequality written by Jean Daudelin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the quasi-consensus that Latin American countries dominate global homicide rankings mainly due to the illegal nature of drug production and trafficking. Building on US scholarship that looks at the role of social exclusion and discriminatory policing in drug violence, the authors of this volume show that the association between illegality and violence cannot be divorced from the inequality that prevails in those countries. This book looks in detail at the functioning of drug markets in Recife, the largest metropolitan area in Brazil’s North-East and, over the last 25 years, the heart of the country’s most violent metropolitan area. Building on extensive interviews and field work, the authors map out the city’s drug markets and explore the reasons why some of those markets are violent, and others are not. The analysis focuses on the micromechanics of each market, looking at consumption patterns and at the workings of retail sales and distribution. Such a systematic micro-level comparative analysis of the workings of Latin American drug markets is simply not available elsewhere in current literature. These findings point to significant gaps in current understandings of the link between illegal markets and violence, and they illuminate the need to factor in the way in which those markets are nested in exclusionary social contexts.

The Architecture of Illegal Markets

Author : Jens Beckert
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198794975
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Architecture of Illegal Markets by : Jens Beckert

Download or read book The Architecture of Illegal Markets written by Jens Beckert and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From illegal drugs, stolen artwork, and forged trademarks, to fraud in financial markets - the phenomenon of illegality in market exchanges is pervasive. Illegal markets have great economic significance, have relevant social and political consequences, and shape economic and political structures. Despite the importance of illegality in the economy, the field of economic sociology unquestioningly accepts the premise that the institutional structures and exchanges taking place in markets are law-abiding in nature. This volume makes a contribution to changing this. Questions that stand at the centre of the chapters are: What are the interfaces between legal and illegal markets? How do demand and supply in illegal markets interact? What role do criminal organizations play in illegal markets? What is the relationship between illegality and governments? Is illegality a phenomenon central to capitalism? Anchored in economic sociology, this book contributes to the analysis and understanding of market exchanges in conditions of illegality from a perspective that focuses on the social organization of markets. Offering both, theoretical reflections and case studies, the chapters assembled in the volume address the consequences of the illegal production, distribution, and consumption of products for the architecture of markets. It also focuses on the underlying causes and the political and social concerns stemming from the infringement of the law.

Illicit Trade and the Global Economy

Author : Cláudia Costa Storti
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262016559
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Illicit Trade and the Global Economy by : Cláudia Costa Storti

Download or read book Illicit Trade and the Global Economy written by Cláudia Costa Storti and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists explore the relationship between expanding international trade and the parallel growth in illicit trade, including illegal drugs, smuggling, and organized crime. As international trade has expanded dramatically in the postwar period--an expansion accelerated by the opening of China, Russia, India, and Eastern Europe--illicit international trade has grown in tandem with it. This volume uses the economist's toolkit to examine the economic, political, and social problems resulting from such illicit activities as illegal drug trade, smuggling, and organized crime. The contributors consider several aspects of the illegal drug market, including the sometimes puzzling relationships among purity, price, and risk; the effect of globalization on the heroin and cocaine markets, examined both through mathematical models and with empirical data from the U.K; the spread of khat, a psychoactive drug imported legally to the U.K. as a vegetable; and the economic effect of the "war on drugs" on producer and consumer countries. Other chapters examine the hidden financial flows of organized crime, patterns of smuggling in international trade, Iran's illicit trading activity, and the impact of mafia-like crime on foreign direct investment in Italy.

Robbery in the Illegal Drugs Trade

Author : McLean, Robert
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1529223911
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Robbery in the Illegal Drugs Trade by : McLean, Robert

Download or read book Robbery in the Illegal Drugs Trade written by McLean, Robert and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robbery can be planned or spontaneous and is a typically short, chaotic crime that is comparatively under-researched. This book transports the reader to the streets and focuses on the real-life narratives and motivations of the youth gang members and adult organized criminals immersed in this form of violence. Uniquely focusing on robberies involving drug dealers and users, this book considers the material and emotional gains and losses to offenders and victims, and offers policy recommendations to reduce occurrences of this common crime.

Votes, Drugs, and Violence

Author : Guillermo Trejo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108899900
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Votes, Drugs, and Violence by : Guillermo Trejo

Download or read book Votes, Drugs, and Violence written by Guillermo Trejo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most surprising developments in Mexico's transition to democracy is the outbreak of criminal wars and large-scale criminal violence. Why did Mexican drug cartels go to war as the country transitioned away from one-party rule? And why have criminal wars proliferated as democracy has consolidated and elections have become more competitive subnationally? In Votes, Drugs, and Violence, Guillermo Trejo and Sandra Ley develop a political theory of criminal violence in weak democracies that elucidates how democratic politics and the fragmentation of power fundamentally shape cartels' incentives for war and peace. Drawing on in-depth case studies and statistical analysis spanning more than two decades and multiple levels of government, Trejo and Ley show that electoral competition and partisan conflict were key drivers of the outbreak of Mexico's crime wars, the intensification of violence, and the expansion of war and violence to the spheres of local politics and civil society.

Violence, Inequality, and Human Freedom

Author : Peter Iadicola
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442209496
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence, Inequality, and Human Freedom by : Peter Iadicola

Download or read book Violence, Inequality, and Human Freedom written by Peter Iadicola and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Violence, Inequality, and Human Freedom is a powerful sociological introduction to the study of violence. The book highlights how violence goes beyond individual actions and introduces students to violence on three different levels: structural, institutional, and interpersonal. The third edition has been revised and updated throughout, including a new chapter on educational violence and revised sections on forms of institutional and structural violence, including sibling and elder violence, violence of the modern-day seige and drone assassinations, violence directed at other species, and the violence of modern-day slavery."--back cover.

Transnational Organized Crime in Central America and the Caribbean

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789211303162
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Transnational Organized Crime in Central America and the Caribbean by :

Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime in Central America and the Caribbean written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is one of several studies conducted by UNODC on organized crime threats around the world. These studies describe what is known about the mechanics of contraband trafficking - the what, who, how, and how much of illicit flows - and discuss their potential impact on governance and development. Their primary role is diagnostic, but they also explore the implications of these findings for policy. Publisher's note.

Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America

Author : Carlos Solar
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100081372X
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America by : Carlos Solar

Download or read book Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America written by Carlos Solar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book asks why crime and violence persist in Latin America at extreme levels and why the states have not been able to more effectively solve this problem that dominates the lives of many millions of Latin Americans. Informed by diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the book brings together a team of regional experts to discuss research-based explanations on some of Latin America’s most pressing criminal and violent issues distressing the rule of law. First, it examines old and new forms of observing crime upon perpetrators and victimized communities. Second, it explores the geographies of urban and rural violence and the entangled politics following organized criminality. Third, it questions how the transfer of policy knowledge and expertise reshapes local security governance, and, more importantly, critically examines the problems in implementing foreign models and paradigms in the Latin American context. Finally, it exposes the everchanging scenario of policy-making and prosecuting crime and homicide. Crime, Violence, and Justice in Latin America provides new themes and novel trends on what crime and violence mean in the eyes of observers, perpetrators, policymakers, governmental officials, and victims. It is an important acquisition for policy makers and academics alike.

Drugging the Poor

Author : Merrill Singer
Publisher : Waveland Press
ISBN 13 : 1478610247
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (786 download)

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Book Synopsis Drugging the Poor by : Merrill Singer

Download or read book Drugging the Poor written by Merrill Singer and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2007-08-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Singer offers a fresh set of ideas for understanding how the global socioeconomic system insures that massive quantities of psychotropic drugs reach the poorest sectors of American society. Drugging the Poor provides a unified theoretical framework to assess how all drugs, including tobacco, heroin, alcohol, cocaine, and diverted pharmaceuticals contribute to maintaining social inequality among the wealthier and poorer social classes in American society. Singers analysis rejects conventional approaches that see tobacco or alcohol manufacturers and distributors, on the one hand, and drug cartels and mafias, on the other, as completely different entities. Instead, he shows how legal and illegal drug corporations share key features and follow the same economic principles. He also emphasizes that mixing legal and illegal drugs to self-medicate against social discrimination, poverty, and structural violence offers short-term relief, but in the long run, it functions to maintain an unjust and oppressive system. Drugging the Poor actively challenges the assumption that how things are is how they always have been or how they need to be.

Unheard Voices of the Next Generation

Author : Ali Abusedra
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0960012753
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Unheard Voices of the Next Generation by : Ali Abusedra

Download or read book Unheard Voices of the Next Generation written by Ali Abusedra and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Libya is a dynamic country with a rich and turbulent history that goes far beyond present conflicts. Its people have long fought for freedom and self-government. This publication offers a framework for understanding the pursuit of this progress. The chapters herein presents Libya as seen by a next generation of leaders, ready to build peaceful, democratic, and inclusive institutions. Using events in Libya's recent history as a guide (the establishment of the United Kingdom of Libya under King Idris in 1951; the establishment of the Libyan Arab Republic under Gaddafi in 1969; and the struggle for unity following the 2011 February 17th Revolution), the authors envisage a bettter future for Libya, one in which the light of hard-fought liberty is preserved for generations to come. Through the insights of professionals and experts, above all new Libyan voices, this volume is testament of a bright and secured future for a beautiful and compelling country.

The Ecology of Homicide

Author : Eric C. Schneider
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812252489
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Homicide by : Eric C. Schneider

Download or read book The Ecology of Homicide written by Eric C. Schneider and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like so many big cities in the United States, Philadelphia has suffered from a strikingly high murder rate over the past fifty years. Such tragic loss of life, as Eric C. Schneider demonstrates, does not occur randomly throughout the city; rather, murders have been racialized and spatialized, concentrated in the low-income African American populations living within particular neighborhoods. In The Ecology of Homicide, Schneider tracks the history of murder in Philadelphia during a critical period from World War II until the early 1980s, focusing on the years leading up to and immediately following the 1966 Miranda Supreme Court decision and the shift to easier gun access and the resulting spike in violence that followed. Examining the transcripts of nearly two hundred murder trials, The Ecology of Homicide presents the voices of victims and perpetrators of crime, as well as the enforcers of the law—using, to an unprecedented degree, the words of the people who were actually involved. In Schneider's hands, their perspectives produce an intimate record of what was happening on the streets of Philadelphia in the decades from 1940 until 1980, describing how race factored into everyday life, how corrosive crime was to the larger community, how the law intersected with every action of everyone involved, and, most critically, how individuals saw themselves and others. Schneider traces the ways in which low-income African American neighborhoods became ever more dangerous for those who lived there as the combined effects of concentrated poverty, economic disinvestment, and misguided policy accumulated to sustain and deepen what he calls an "ecology of violence," bound in place over time. Covering topics including gender, urban redevelopment, community involvement, children, and gangs, as well as the impact of violence perpetrated by and against police, The Ecology of Homicide is a powerful link between urban history and the contemporary city.

Drugs on the Dark Net

Author : J. Martin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137399058
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis Drugs on the Dark Net by : J. Martin

Download or read book Drugs on the Dark Net written by J. Martin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the rapidly expanding world of online illicit drug trading. Since the fall of the infamous Silk Road, a new generation of cryptomarkets can be found thriving on the dark net. Martin explores how these websites defy powerful law enforcement agencies and represent the new digital front in the 'war on drugs'.

Inequality, Crime and Public Policy (Routledge Revivals)

Author : John Braithwaite
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135094438
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality, Crime and Public Policy (Routledge Revivals) by : John Braithwaite

Download or read book Inequality, Crime and Public Policy (Routledge Revivals) written by John Braithwaite and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1979, Inequality, Crime, and Public Policy integrates and interprets the vast corpus of existing research on social class, slums, and crime, and presents its own findings on these matters. It explores two major questions. First, do policies designed to redistribute wealth and power within capitalist societies have effects upon crime? Second, do policies created to overcome the residential segregation of social classes have effects on crime? The book provides a brilliantly comprehensive and systematic review of the empirical evidence to support or refute the classic theories of Engles, Bonger, Merton, Cloward and Ohlin, Cohen, Miller, Shaw and McKay, amongst many others. Braithwaite confronts these theories with evidence of the extent and nature of white collar crime, and a consideration of the way law enhancement and law enforcement might serve class interest.

Making Peace in Drug Wars

Author : Benjamin Lessing
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107199638
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Peace in Drug Wars by : Benjamin Lessing

Download or read book Making Peace in Drug Wars written by Benjamin Lessing and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State crackdowns on drug cartels often backfire, producing entrenched 'cartel-state conflict'; deterrence approaches have curbed violence but proven fragile. This book explains why.

The Globalization of Crime

Author : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Publisher : UN
ISBN 13 : 9789211302950
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The Globalization of Crime by : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Download or read book The Globalization of Crime written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and published by UN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The globalization of crime: a transnational organized crime threat assessment, UNODC analyses a range of key transnational crime threats, including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, the illicit heroin and cocaine trades, cybercrime, maritime piracy and trafficking in environmental resources, firearms and counterfeit goods. The report also examines a number of cases where transnational organized crime and instability amplify each other to create vicious circles in which countries or even subregions may become locked. Thus, the report offers a striking view of the global dimensions of organized crime today.

Canada–US Relations

Author : David Carment
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303005036X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Canada–US Relations by : David Carment

Download or read book Canada–US Relations written by David Carment and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, the 32nd volume in the Canada Among Nations series, looks to the wide array of foreign policy challenges, choices and priorities that Canada confronts in relations with the US where the line between international and domestic affairs is increasingly blurred. In the context of the Canada-US relationship, this blurring is manifest as a cooperative effort by officials to manage aspects of the relationship in which bilateral institutional cooperation goes on largely unnoticed. Chapters in this volume focus on longstanding issues reflecting some degree of Canada-US coordination, if not integration, such as trade, the environment and energy. Other chapters focus on emerging issues such as drug policies, energy, corruption and immigration within the context of these institutional arrangements.

Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309317150
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.