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Identity Politics And Ethnic Conflicts In Rwanda And Burundi
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Book Synopsis Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi by : Godfrey Mwakikagile
Download or read book Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and published by New Africa Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work looks at conflicts between the Hutu and the Tutsi in Rwanda and Burundi. The conflicts between the two groups have sometimes been characterised as ethnic, although neither group has fundamental attributes of ethnicity or ethnic identity which separate one from the other. They have the same culture. They speak the same language. And they have had a common history during the past 400 years. They have intermingled and have intermarried for so long since the Tutsi arrived in the region about 400 years ago that whatever differences existed between them in the past in terms of culture, identity, and biology have been erased. Yet they do exist as distinct social groups. They maintain separate group identities, as Hutus and as Tutsis, mainly because of the asymmetrical relationship between them. Inequity of power has solidified those identities. Historically, the Tutsi minority have been the rulers. Their status as the dominant group was enhanced during colonial rule when the Belgians favoured and recognised them as the traditional rulers, superior to the Hutu, thus legitimising inequalities between the two groups. The differences between them were even given official sanction. And the subordinate status of the Hutu majority was used by the Belgians to justify discrimination against them in terms of employment and educational opportunities while favouring the Tutsi. The conflict between the two groups is rooted in inequity of power, fuelled by stereotypes against the Hutu majority. Domination of the Hutu majority by the Tutsi minority, which started before the advent of colonial rule, has also solidified ethnic identities of the two groups through the years. A shared consciousness among the members of each group and their distinctiveness - each seeing themselves as different from the other - have also played a major role in the evolution and consolidation of these separate identities.
Book Synopsis Diversity, Violence, and Recognition by : Elisabeth King
Download or read book Diversity, Violence, and Recognition written by Elisabeth King and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When considering strategies to address violent conflict, scholars and policymakers debate the wisdom of recognizing versus avoiding reference to ethnic identities in government institutions. In Diversity, Violence, and Recognition, Elisabeth King and Cyrus Samii examine the reasons that governments choose to recognize ethnic identities and the consequences of such choices for peace. The authors introduce a theory on the merits and risks of recognizing ethnic groups in state institutions, pointing to the crucial role of ethnic demographics. Through a global quantitative analysis and in-depth case studies of Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, they find promise in recognition. Countries that adopt recognition go on to experience less violence, more economic vitality, and more democratic politics, but these effects depend on which ethnic group is in power. King and Samii's findings are important for scholars studying peace, democracy, and development, and practically relevant to policymakers attempting to make these concepts a reality.
Download or read book Burundi written by Rene Lemarchand and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a wide-ranging discussion of the roots and consequences of ethnic strife in Burundi, and provides the reader with an appropriate background for an understanding of Burundi's transition to multiparty democracy and the coup and violence that followed.
Book Synopsis Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi by : Godfrey Mwakikagile
Download or read book Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and published by New Africa Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a historical survey and analysis of some of the bloodiest conflicts in modern times. The civil wars in Rwanda and Burundi, twin states in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, are often explained in simplistic terms even by some political pundits as mere tribal wars, rooted in anciet hatred, between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Ethnicity is indeed a factor. But of paramount importance in this conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi, in both countries, is the struggle for power although with "racial" overtones, and the exclusion of the Hutu majority from meaningful participation in the political process. Therefore the conflicts are not tribal wars but political statements as well, probably more than anything else; what Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa aptly described as "military expressions of political intent." In this comprehensive study, the author also addresses one of the most controversial subjects today: conflict resolution in Africa. There are no easy answers, but the author attempts to provide some of them. He covers as much ground as possible, trying to come up with solutions not only to the wars in Africa's Great Lakes region, but in other parts of the continent as well.
Book Synopsis Burundi: The Hutu and The Tutsi Cauldron of Conflict and Quest for Dynamic Compromise by : Godfrey Mwakikagile
Download or read book Burundi: The Hutu and The Tutsi Cauldron of Conflict and Quest for Dynamic Compromise written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and published by New Africa Press. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work looks at conflicts between the Hutu and the Tutsi in Burundi. It is also a profile of the Hutu and the Tutsi as a people. They are two social groups which claim separate identities on ethnic or tribal basis although they speak the same language and have the same culture. The work also looks at conflicts in eastern Congo which led to the downfall of President Mobutu Sese Seko of what was then known as Zaire. The author also looks at attempts by regional neighbours to resolve the conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi in Burundi, especially the role played by Tanzania and its former president, Julius Nyerere, who was the chief mediator. Most of Burundi's exports and imports go through Tanzania, giving the country leverage as the main facilitator of the peace process which sometimes has involved economic sanctions against Burundi. The conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi is one of Africa's intractable problems. It is also one of the oldest in the post-colonial era. The book sheds some light on the complex situation in Burundi and on relations between the two groups. It also provides some insights into what can be done to resolve one of Africa's perennial problems. It can also be helpful to those who are trying to learn about Burundi for the first time. Students of African studies may also find this work to be useful.
Book Synopsis Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies by : Warren Weinstein
Download or read book Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies written by Warren Weinstein and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi by : Stacey Mitchell
Download or read book Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi written by Stacey Mitchell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to democratic reforms led to coups d’état and presidential assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu actors, including government officials, upon the country’s Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup d’état failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war. This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies that address collective violence in each. This book utilizes an integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing that political actors – during periods of major institutional change – do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict, collective violence and democratization in Africa.
Book Synopsis Ethnic Politics and Democratic Transition in Rwanda by : David E. Kiwuwa
Download or read book Ethnic Politics and Democratic Transition in Rwanda written by David E. Kiwuwa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an examination of how a deeply divided post-conflict society embarks on democratic transition. Using Rwanda as the case study, it combines analysis of democratic transition and ethnopolitical debate, asking why deeply divided ethnic societies have a tendency to fail. Though marginalised in existing literature on democratic transition, this path-breaking book shows how ethnicity has a significant impact on the direction and success of democratic process. The initial failure of democratic transition in Rwanda shows that the current regime will need to be sensitive to ethnicity, ethnopolitical consciousness and mobility in order to be successful in its second transition attempt. Based on key informant interviews, participant observation and primary resources, this book develops beyond the case study of Rwanda to posit a new framework that integrates variables of unity, equality, trust and institutional engineering in an integrative model to study and evaluate democratic transition in divided or post-conflict society. Ethnic Politics and Democratic Transition in Rwanda will be of interest to students and scholars of democratization, democracy, and ethnic politics and conflict.
Book Synopsis The Dilemma of Recognition by : Carla Schraml
Download or read book The Dilemma of Recognition written by Carla Schraml and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-08 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the salience of ethnicity in Rwandan and Burundian politics be overcome? How can this salience be approached analytically? And why, exactly, is it that it is potentially conflict-prone? This book gives answers to these questions on the basis of what Rwandan and Burundian interviewees expressed as taken for granted and real. In particular, it focuses on different political institutional models, and how they help to overcome an ethnic interpretation of political and social exclusion. Despite the diverging institutional approaches to dealing with ethnic cleavages, the qualitative analysis shows that political and social exclusion, in particular the distribution of power, are interpreted in ethnic terms in both countries. Focusing on notions taken for granted by Rwandan and Burundian interviewees, the book demonstrates, how deeply intertwined ethnicity and politics are in Rwanda and Burundi today.
Book Synopsis Political Representation in the Wake of Ethnic Violence and Post-conflict Institutional Reform by : Bert Ingelaere
Download or read book Political Representation in the Wake of Ethnic Violence and Post-conflict Institutional Reform written by Bert Ingelaere and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lack of political representation often lies at the origin of identity-based violence, and, when not resolved, can re-ignite violence. We study who perceives gains and losses in political representation in Rwanda and Burundi and why. We rely on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of over 700 individual life histories that cover the period 1985-2015. For both countries, we observe a sharp drop in perceived political representation in the run-up to and during violence, and a reversal across ethnicities in its aftermath, when Tutsi feel more represented than Hutu in Rwanda, and Hutu feel more represented than Tutsi in Burundi. We find that the gap in perceived political representation narrows over time in Rwanda as Hutu gradually perceive increases in substantive representation, which is in line with the idea that Tutsi elites in Rwanda who lack 'input legitimacy' maximize policies aiming for 'output legitimacy'. In Burundi, the gap is widening, suggesting that the Burundian regime has failed to give either input or output legitimacy.
Download or read book Selective Genocide in Burundi written by and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 1972-06-16 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an account of the circumstances and events leading to the 1972 mass killings of Hutus by the Tutsi-dominated army.
Book Synopsis Identity Transformation and Politicization in Africa by : Toyin Falola
Download or read book Identity Transformation and Politicization in Africa written by Toyin Falola and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-09-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identity Transformation and Politicization in Africa: Shifting Mobilization, edited by Toyin Falola and Céline A. Jacquemin, questions whether identity is providing and sustaining power for elites, or fueling oppression and conflicts, being mobilized for exclusionary movements versus inclusive societal changes, or educating in ways that foster progress and development. Do aspects of African identities and the challenges they present also hold prospects for more inclusive and peaceful democratic and representative futures? The contributors cover a wide spectrum of expertise on different African countries (Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Rwanda, Morocco, and Libya). They come from diverse disciplines (History, Political Science, Public Administration, Philosophy, Economics and Finance, Cultural Studies, Music, and International Relations), and use various methods and approaches in their research. Some contributors belong to the groups whose identity is being scrutinized and are participants in the efforts to politicize and mobilize, while others remain outside observers, who share some traits or interests with the African identities examined and provide different kinds of insights. Several chapters explore how innovative pedagogical projects studying African history and identity—facilitated by the internet and new social media—transform and connect with the African continent. Each author provides important insights on how mobilization around identity issues has been shifting with the internet and social media.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation by : John McGarry
Download or read book The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation written by John McGarry and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major and timely collection addresses one of the world's most visible and tragic problems: ethnic conflict and its regulation. It begins with a guide to the primary methods used to eliminate or manag eethnic conflict, and is followed by a global sample of case studies written by leading authorities in their fields.
Book Synopsis Understanding Ethnic Conflict by : Raymond Taras
Download or read book Understanding Ethnic Conflict written by Raymond Taras and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-07 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Ethnic Conflict provides all the key concepts needed to understand conflict among ethnic groups. Including approaches from both comparative politics and international relations, this text offers a model of ethnic conflict's internationalization by showing how domestic and international actors influence a country's ethnic and sectarian divisions. Illustrating this model in five original case studies, the unique combination of theory and application in Understanding Ethnic Conflict facilitates more critical analysis of contemporary ethnic conflicts and the world's response to them.
Download or read book Genocide written by Edward L. Nyankanzi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3. The Congo Rebellion
Book Synopsis The Recurring Great Lakes Crisis by : Jean-Pierre Chrétien
Download or read book The Recurring Great Lakes Crisis written by Jean-Pierre Chrétien and published by Hurst & Company. This book was released on 2008 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the genealogy and history of the African Great Lakes region. It has been the scene of a series of overlapping traumas which have disrupted its geopolitical, economic, social and demographic stability. Despite numerous peace accords, local political compromises and various international interventions, it has yet to find stability.
Book Synopsis The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict by : David A. Lake
Download or read book The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict written by David A. Lake and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1998-03-22 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work focuses on how, why and when ethnic conflicts either diffuse by precipitating similar conflicts elsewhere or escalate by bringing in outside parties and how such transnational ethnic conflicts can be managed. It focuses specifically on the conflicts in Eastern Europe and Africa.
