Identification And Correlation Of Disinfection Byproducts And Total Organic Halogen Precursors In A Biofilm Matrix

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Identification and Correlation of Disinfection Byproducts and Total Organic Halogen Precursors in a Biofilm Matrix

Author : Mohd Yahya Khan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification and Correlation of Disinfection Byproducts and Total Organic Halogen Precursors in a Biofilm Matrix by : Mohd Yahya Khan

Download or read book Identification and Correlation of Disinfection Byproducts and Total Organic Halogen Precursors in a Biofilm Matrix written by Mohd Yahya Khan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disinfection by-products (DBP) formation in drinking water systems is a persistent issue for water utilities. Although DBP formation is complex due to the multitude of chemical and biological interactions that occur, unremoved natural organic matter (NOM) entering the water distribution system is generally regarded as the primary precursor for DBP formation. In addition, NOM also provides nutrients that support microbial growth and persistent biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is widespread within the water distribution system due to the continuous influx of unremoved NOM. Biofilm and its associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) provide a dynamic repository for organic matter accumulation, and can act as a DBP precursor. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic acids (HAAs) represent the major classes of regulated DBPs, yet there are several others that form due to the complex interaction between the organic matter and the disinfectants. The unknown total organic halogens (UTOX) is believed to contain toxicologically vital compounds. Until recently, there have been no reliable studies analyzing the relative contributions of biofilm and its associated DBP precursors to DBP formation and speciation, and how these different precursors contribute to the total organic halogen (TOX) formation. This work seeks to abridge this knowledge gap by analyzing the DBP formation from chlorination of biofilms in simulated water distribution systems. The results of this study provide critical information about potential contributions of biofilms to the formation of DBPs and UTOX in the distribution systems and can help water utilities better control the levels of both regulated and unregulated DBPs while at the same time reducing health risks associated with DBPs. To help elucidate this interaction, heterotrophic plate counting (HPC) of bacterial colonies in different pipe materials under different chlorine residuals were conducted. Additionally, DBP and TOX formation tests were conducted and correlated with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of fluorescent dissolved organic carbons. The obtained results suggest that depending on the pipe material, the accumulation of organic matter in biofilm matrix contributes significantly towards DBP formation. Corrosion of iron pipes provides not only more opportunity for growth of biofilm, but also increased adsorption sites for humic substances, both of which lead to increased DBP and UTOX formation. Overall, strong evidence of biofilm contribution to DBP formation in drinking water distribution systems suggests that water utilities need to carefully consider biofilm eradication methods to minimize the subsequent formation of toxic compounds.

Analysis and Formation of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444643443
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis and Formation of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water by :

Download or read book Analysis and Formation of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water disinfection has markedly reduced diseases causes by waterborne pathogenic microorganisms. However, an unintended consequence of disinfection and/or oxidation processes is the generation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) which are formed from the reactions of disinfectants/oxidants with water matrix components. This volume of the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Handbook presents recent advances about the formation, identification, and quantification of inorganic and organic DBPs during oxidative processes. The book begins with a first chapter reviewing the most recent non-targeted screening approaches and workflows to characterize DBPs using low-, high-, and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The second chapter discusses the analysis of inorganic chloramines in waters using on-site and/or in-lab analytical methods. The third chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge about the mechanisms of chlorine dioxide reactions and byproducts formation. The fourth chapter presents some fundamental and practical aspects about ozonation processes in water treatment and provides an overview about ozone reaction mechanisms and byproducts formation. The fifth chapter focuses on the reactivity of halide ions, particularly bromide and iodide, with common oxidants and the role they play in determining the speciation of DBPs in treated waters. The chapter also presents strategies to mitigate the formation of DBPs during oxidation processes. Finally, the last chapter tackles the topic of DBPs formation during potable water reuse. It discusses the formation of DBPs of major concern in both memebrane-based and non-membrane-based potable water reuse treatment schemes.Researchers, water treatment specialists, and regulators will find in this book a valuable and compact resource on several key topics regarding the formation, identification, quantification, and mitigation of DBPs. - Identification and quantification of known and unknown DBPs - Formation of DBPs during different disinfection/oxidation processes - DBPs of concern in new technologies and/or new applications of existing technologies in water treatment

Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water

Author : Robert M. Clark
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 142890073X
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water by : Robert M. Clark

Download or read book Controlling Disinfection By-products and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Robert M. Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water

Author : Jean-Phillipe Croue
Publisher : American Water Works Association
ISBN 13 : 1583210156
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water by : Jean-Phillipe Croue

Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Author : Clemens von Sonntag
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843393131
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Clemens von Sonntag

Download or read book Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Clemens von Sonntag and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances

Author : Jost Wingender
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642601472
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances by : Jost Wingender

Download or read book Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances written by Jost Wingender and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are the key components for the aggregation of microorganisms in biofilms, flocs and sludge. They are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules. EPS provide a highly hydrated gel matrix in which microbial cells can establish stable synergistic consortia. Cohesion and adhesion as well as morphology, structure, biological function and other properties such as mechanical stability, diffusion, sorption and optical properties of microbial aggregates are determined by the EPS matrix. Also, the protection of biofilm organisms against biocides is attributed to the EPS. Their matrix allows phase separation in biofiltration and is also important for the degradation of particulate material which is of great importance for the self purification processes in surface waters and for waste water treatment.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Author : Simon Parsons
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843390175
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Simon Parsons

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.

Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality

Author : John E. Dyksen
Publisher : American Water Works Association
ISBN 13 : 1583215352
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality by : John E. Dyksen

Download or read book Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality written by John E. Dyksen and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to many U.S. water utilities that are considering changing disinfectants from chlorine to alternative disinfectants, this research has been undertaken to gain knowledge of long-term effects.

Water Treatment Manual

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Treatment Manual by :

Download or read book Water Treatment Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States by :

Download or read book Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309134226
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water by : National Research Council

Download or read book Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-07 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing demands for water in many parts of the nation are fueling the search for new approaches to sustainable water management, including how best to store water. Society has historically relied on dams and reservoirs, but problems such as high evaporation rates and a lack of suitable land for dam construction are driving interest in the prospect of storing water underground. Managed underground storage should be considered a valuable tool in a water manager's portfolio, although it poses its own unique challenges that need to be addressed through research and regulatory measures.

Drinking Water Treatment

Author : Bingzhi Dong
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110593157
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Drinking Water Treatment by : Bingzhi Dong

Download or read book Drinking Water Treatment written by Bingzhi Dong and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date overview on the membrane technology for the drinking water treatment. The applications of PVDF-TiO2 nanowire hybrid ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane, forward osmosis membrane, etc. in water treatment are discussed in detail. With abundant practical examples, the book is an essential reference for scientists, students and engineers in municipal engineering, environmental engineering, chemical engineering, environmental chemistry and material science.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

Author : Mihaela I. Stefan
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780407181
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment by : Mihaela I. Stefan

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada

Anthropogenic Aquifer Recharge

Author : Robert G. Maliva
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030110842
Total Pages : 872 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropogenic Aquifer Recharge by : Robert G. Maliva

Download or read book Anthropogenic Aquifer Recharge written by Robert G. Maliva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an overview of the diversity of anthropogenic aquifer recharge (AAR) techniques that use aquifers to store and treat water. It focusses on the processes and the hydrogeological and geochemical factors that affect their performance. This book is written from an applied perspective with a focus of taking advantage of global historical experiences, both positive and negative, as a guide to future implementation. Most AAR techniques are now mature technologies in that they have been employed for some time, their scientific background is well understood, and their initial operational challenges and associated solutions have been identified. However, opportunities exist for improved implementation and some recently employed and potential future innovations are presented. AAR which includes managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a very important area of water resources management and there is no recent books that specifically and comprehensively addresses the subject.

Industrial Environmental Chemistry

Author : Donald T. Sawyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489923209
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Industrial Environmental Chemistry by : Donald T. Sawyer

Download or read book Industrial Environmental Chemistry written by Donald T. Sawyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph consists of manuscripts submitted by invited speakers who participated in the symposium "Industrial Environmental Chemistry: Waste Minimization in Industrial Processes and Remediation of Hazardous Waste," held March 24-26, 1992, at Texas A&M University. This meeting was the tenth annual international symposium sponsored by the Texas A&M Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program (IUCCP). The program was developed by an academic-industrial steering committee consisting of the co-chairmen, Professors Donald T. Sawyer and Arthur E. Martell of the Texas A&M University Chemistry Department, and members appointed by the sponsoring companies: Bernie A. Allen, Jr., Dow Chemical USA; Kirk W. Brown, Texas A&M University; Abraham Clearfield, Texas A&M University; Greg Leyes, Monsanto Company; Jay Warner, Hoechst-Celanese Corporation; Paul M. Zakriski, BF Goodrich Company; and Emile A. Schweikert, Texas A&M University (IUCCP Coordinator). The subject of this conference reflects the interest that has developed in academic institutions and industry for technological solutions to environmental contamination by industrial wastes. Progress is most likely with strategies that minimize waste production from industrial processes. Clearly the key to the protection and preservation of the environment will be through R&D that optimizes chemical processes to minimize or eliminate waste streams. Eleven of the papers are directed to waste minimization. An additional ten papers discuss chemical and biological remediation strategies for hazardous wastes that contaminate soils, sludges, and water.

Dehalogenation

Author : Max M. Häggblom
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306480115
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Dehalogenation by : Max M. Häggblom

Download or read book Dehalogenation written by Max M. Häggblom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.

Bioremediation and Biotechnology

Author : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030356914
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioremediation and Biotechnology by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem

Download or read book Bioremediation and Biotechnology written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-26 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic substances threatens aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and ultimately human health. The book is a thoughtful effort in bringing forth the role of biotechnology for bioremediation and restoration of the ecosystems degraded by toxic and heavy metal pollution. The introductory chapters of the book deal with the understanding of the issues concerned with the pollution caused by toxic elements and heavy metals and their impacts on the different ecosystems followed by the techniques involved in monitoring of the pollution. These techniques include use of bio-indicators as well as modern techniques for the assessment and monitoring of toxicants in the environment. Detailed chapters discussing the role of microbial biota, aquatic plants, terrestrial plants to enhance the accumulation efficiency of these toxic and heavy metals are followed by remediation techniques involving myco-remediation, bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, phyto-remediation and rhizo-filtration. A sizable portion of the book has been dedicated to the advanced bio-remediation techniques which are finding their way from the laboratory to the field for revival of the degraded ecosystems. These involve bio-films, micro-algae, genetically modified plants and filter feeders. Furthermore, the book is a detailed comprehensive account for the treatment technologies from unsustainable to sustainable. We believe academicians, researchers and students will find this book informative as a complete reference for biotechnological intervention for sustainable treatment of pollution.