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Author : M. L. Lorschy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (748 download)
Download or read book Ideal Ratio of Threonine and Lysine for Growing and Finishing Pigs written by M. L. Lorschy and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Aline Remus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book The Ideal Protein Profile for Growing-finishing Pigs in Precision Feeding Systems written by Aline Remus and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AA) are essential components of diets but accurate determination of AA requirements in farm animals is a challenge. Requirements for AA in pigs can be influenced by several factors, including genetics, health, age, and, as recently shown, also individual variability. In conventional group-phase feeding (GPF) systems, large groups of pigs receive the same feed during extended periods and most pigs receive more nutrients than required to express their growth potential with potential detrimental effects on the environment through increased nitrogen excretion, and on production costs. In individual precision feeding (IPF) systems, pigs are fed diets tailored daily to their individual nutrient requirements. In light of this, it is necessary to distinguish the AA requirements of a population from those of individuals. Optimal essential AA ratios have been established for pigs in conventional GPF systems, but these optimal AA ratios might differ for pigs in IPF systems. The main research objective was to compare the ideal protein profile in pigs using the optimal threonine-to-lysine (Thr:Lys) ratio between conventional GPF and IPF systems. Based on a dose-response approach with five levels Thr:Lys ratios offered to growing pigs in a GPF or IPF system, it was possible to confirm the initial hypothesis that optimal AA ratios differ between feeding systems. Carcass chemical composition and AA concentration was likewise affected by the Thr:Lys ratio, and the magnitude and type of response depended on the feeding system. In a second dose-response study with similar Thr:Lys ratios offered to late finishing pigs, requirements were larger than to those previously observed for growing pigs, suggesting that AA requirements for protein deposition is age dependent. These two studies suggest that individual pigs can modulate their growth and body composition according to the level of AA intake and can respond differently to same amount of ingested AA. These studies further highlighted the weakness of using an ideal protein profile by considering fixed requirements for AA due the assumed constant AA carcass composition. Accurate estimation of AA requirements for pigs in an IPF system seems to be mainly limited by the use of fixed AA ratios as pigs have different AA requirements. Finally, a novel approach to the dose-response approach based on a central composite design with a factorial design aiming at independently estimating real-time requirements for Lys and Thr in individual pigs was proposed. A non-unique response of protein deposition to various Thr and Lys combinations was observed due to the differences in AA requirements among individual pigs. This insight on variability among individual pigs is useful to fine-tune the precision feeding system by estimating AA requirements more accurately, feeding pigs according to their individual requirements, and, ultimately, reduce waste of nutrients in pigs with lower protein deposition. The results presented in this thesis support the idea that changes in body composition in pigs are induced by changes in dietary AA levels. Therefore, growth may be modulated to the optimal body composition desired by the consumer. This thesis proposes a change of perspective in animal nutrition, where AA may be seen as a trigger for animal metabolic response with dynamic and distinctive AA requirements in individual animals.
Author : Joseph Donald Hahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (322 download)
Download or read book Lysine Levels and Ideal Ratios of Amino Acids for Finishing Pigs written by Joseph Donald Hahn and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to determine the ideal digestible lysine (Lys) requirements for early (EF = 50 to 90 kg) and late (LF = 90 to 110 kg) finishing barrows and gilts. The basal diets were reduced crude protein (CP), amino acid fortified basal diets which contained 11% and 10% CP for the EF and LF periods, respectively. Response criteria were fitted to a rectilinear "broken-line" model, and break-points were utilized to estimate a Lys requirement. Digestible Lys requirement estimates based on the average of the requirements for daily gain, gain:feed ratio, loin-eye area, 10th rib fat depth, lean gain, and plasma urea N were.58% for EF barrows and.64% for EF gilts. Digestible Lys requirement estimates based on the average of the requirements for daily gain, gain:feed ratio, lean gain, and plasma urea N were.49% for LF barrows and.52% for LF gilts. A combined EF and LF growth trial and a LF metabolism trial were conducted to compare performance, carcass composition, and N retention of pigs fed diets containing either the ideal ratios of threonine (65%), tryptophan (18%), and sulfur amino acids (60%) to Lys for young pigs, or the ideal ratios of threonine (70%), tryptophan (20%), and sulfur amino acids (65%) to Lys proposed for finishing pigs. The proposed ratios for the finishing pig increased (P $
Author : Key Ung Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Nutritional and Endocrine Effects on the Efficiency of Lysine and Protein Use in Growing Pigs written by Key Ung Lee and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309059930
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (599 download)
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Swine written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.
Author : John F. Patience
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9086867561
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (868 download)
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Author : Justin Wade Bundy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303603792
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Effects of Ractopamine on Lysine and Threonine Requirements for Finishing Barrows written by Justin Wade Bundy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ractopamine on amino acid (AA) requirements for finishing pigs. The specific AA that were investigated were lysine and threonine. Exp. 1 investigated the effects of increasing lysine concentrations for barrows fed ractopamine diets during the late finishing phase in order to estimate the appropriate requirement for optimal growth response. Exp. 2, 3, and 4 investigated the effects of increasing the threonine to lysine ratio of diets with ractopamine on growth, carcass data, and plasma urea N concentrations and estimated the optimal threonine to lysine ratio for maximum growth rate. All experiments used individually fed barrows and corn-soybean meal based diets. In Exp. 1, 36 pigs were allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 0 or 10 ppm ractopamine and increasing levels of lysine. In Exp. 2 and 3, 63 pigs were allotted to 7 dietary treatments with 0 or 10 ppm ractopamine, different lysine, and increasing threonine concentrations. For Exp. 4, 35 pigs were allotted to similar diets as Exp. 2 and 3 that were limit fed 3 kg/d. In Exp. 1, a total lysine intake of 24.7 g/d was adequate for obtaining maximal growth for barrows fed ractopamine. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, there were effects on intakes and growth rates due to increasing threonine to lysine ratios (P
Author : Elwyn R. Miller
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483162117
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Swine Nutrition written by Elwyn R. Miller and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.
Author : Robert Frank Klay
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Some Effects of Level of Dietary Protein on Lysine Metabolism of Growing Pigs written by Robert Frank Klay and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Earl Sowers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book A Reevaluation of the Threonine Requirement of the Growing Pig written by James Earl Sowers and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mario Luiz Chizzotti
Publisher : Brill Wageningen Academic
ISBN 13 : 9789086863402
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (634 download)
Download or read book Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition written by Mario Luiz Chizzotti and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variations in feeding frequency may lead to difference in utilization of dietary nutrients. The effects of feeding frequency have been tested in growing pigs and finishing pigs using respiratory quotient and postprandial kinetics of plasma metabolites. A reduced feeding frequency resulted in an increased lipogenesis and proteolysis shortly after the meal both in growing and finishing pigs. Nevertheless, growing and finishing pigs exhibit different metabolic pathways when feeding frequency is reduced.
Author : M. L. Lorschy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (747 download)
Download or read book Lysine Requirements of Growing and Finishing Pigs written by M. L. Lorschy and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sureemas Nitikanchana
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (867 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan:lysine Ratio in Nursery and Finishing Pigs written by Sureemas Nitikanchana and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A total of 8 experiments and a meta-analysis were performed with the overarching goal to improve amino acid and energy utilization in swine diets. The first experiment used a total of 255 nursery pigs to evaluate the optimum dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan to lysine (Trp:Lys) ratio. Four experiments also were conducted using 6,668 finishing pigs to determine the effects of SID Trp:Lys ratio in diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. A subsequent experiment evaluated the interaction between Trp and large neutral amino acids (Trp:LNAA) on growth performance of early and late-finishing pigs. Lastly, data from 41 trials and 2 validation trials were used to develop a regression equations to predict ADG or gain to feed (G:F) as influenced by BW and net energy (NE) content in growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, the growth performance and economics indicated the optimum SID Trp concentration for 6-to 10-kg nursery pigs at 20.3% of Lys. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, there were no differences in growth performance due to SID Trp:Lys ratio; however, increasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio suggested an opportunity to improve carcass yield and lean in pigs fed high levels of DDGS. Experiment 5 indicated an optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio of 20% for 71- to 127-kg pigs fed high level of DDGS. In Exp. 6, growth performance was unaffected by dietary treatment suggesting that 16.5% SID Trp:Lys was adequate to prevent a negative impact on growth when SID Trp:LNAA was as low as 3.0% in finishing period. Overall, the experiments suggested a higher optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio than is currently standard practice. The regression analysis from the meta-analysis showed that increasing dietary NE improved ADG and G:F. However, the magnitude of improvement will be minimized if the SID Lys concentration is limiting. The validation experiments indicated that the prediction equations provided a good estimation of growth rate and feed efficiency of growing-finishing pigs fed different levels of dietary NE except for pigs fed the diet with DDGS. These predictions of growth performance can then be used to model economic value of different dietary energy strategies.
Author : Theresa Margaret Parr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Branched-chain Amino Acid Nutrition of Grow-finish Pigs and Young Chicks written by Theresa Margaret Parr and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonathan Robert Bergström
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (367 download)
Download or read book Optimal Apparent Digestible Threonine:lysine and Isoleucine:lysine Ratios, and Combinations of Animal Protein Sources in Transition Diets, for Segregated Early-weaned Pigs written by Jonathan Robert Bergström and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies
ISBN 13 : 0309049970
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Author : M. L. Lorschy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (756 download)
Download or read book Threonine Requirement of Growing and Finishing Pigs written by M. L. Lorschy and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
