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Hybridization Dynamics In Cattails Typha Spp In North Eastern North America Niche Segregation Pollen Dispersal Mating Patterns And The Importance Of Local Scale Processes
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Book Synopsis Hybridization Dynamics in Cattails (Typha Spp.,) in North Eastern North America: Niche Segregation, Pollen Dispersal, Mating Patterns, and the Importance of Local-scale Processes by : Sara Jean Pieper
Download or read book Hybridization Dynamics in Cattails (Typha Spp.,) in North Eastern North America: Niche Segregation, Pollen Dispersal, Mating Patterns, and the Importance of Local-scale Processes written by Sara Jean Pieper and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interspecific hybridization is an important evolutionary process which can contribute to the invasiveness of species complexes. In this dissertation I used the hybridizing species complex of cattails (Typhaspp., Typhaceae) to explore some of the processes that could contribute to hybridization rates. Cattails in northeastern North America comprise the native T. latifolia, the non-native T. angustifolia, and their fertile hybrid, T. U+00d7 glauca. First, I examined whether these taxa segregate by water depth as habitat segregation may be associated with lower incidence of hybridization. I found that these taxa occupy similar water depths and therefore that habitat segregation by water depth does not promote mating isolationamong these taxa. I then compared pollen dispersal patterns between progenitor species as pollen dispersal can also influence rates of hybrid formation. Each progenitor exhibits localized pollen dispersal, and the maternal parent of first generation hybrids captures more conspecific than heterospecific pollen; both of which should lead to reduced hybrid formation. I then conducted controlled crosses using all three Typhataxa to quantify hybrid fertility and to parameterize a fertility model to predict howmating compatibilities should affect the composition of cattail stands. I found that highly asymmetric formation of hybrids and backcrosses and reduced hybrid fertility should favour the maintenance of T. latifoliaunder certain conditions. Finally, I used a population genetics approach to characterize genetic diversity and structure of Typhain northeastern North America to determine the extent to which broad-scale processes such as gene flow influence site-level processes. I concluded that hybrids are most often created within sites or introduced in small numbers rather than exhibiting broad-scale dispersal. This suggests that local processes are more important drivers of hybrid success than landscape-scale processes which would be expected to limit the spread of the hybrid. Though my findings indicate some barriers to hybridization in these Typha taxa, hybrid cattail dominates much of northeastern North America. My results therefore show that incomplete barriers tohybridization may not be sufficient to prevent the continued dominance of hybrids and that active management of invasive hybrids may be required to limit their spread. KEYWORDSHybridization;niche segregation;pollen dispersal;genetic structure;fertility model;invasive species; Typha.
Book Synopsis Plant Hybridization Alters Arthropod Community Structure by : Sarah Joiner Reilly
Download or read book Plant Hybridization Alters Arthropod Community Structure written by Sarah Joiner Reilly and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization creates novel genotypes that may differ from the parental species in traits that mediate ecological interactions. In plants, the response of insect communities to hybrid plants is of particular interest, with changes in insect abundance potentially feeding back on plant populations or having impacts on the higher trophic levels that rely on insects for food. In this project, I focused on cattails (Typha spp.), which are widespread, dominant wetland plants. In northern North America, the native cattail species T. latifolia hybridizes with T. angustifolia to form a distinct, vigorous form known as T. x glauca, which creates dense monocultures via vegetative growth, and is considered invasive. The goal of this research was to determine how arthropod communities respond to this hybrid plant, and to use one important insect species as a case study to uncover mechanisms determining insect abundance in cattail hybrid zones. Chapter 1 describes an extensive survey of the arthropod community assembling around cattail, and shows that diversity and abundance of arthropods is depauperate on the hybrid compared to T. latifolia, but similar to that on T. angustifolia. Abundance patterns differed by species, however, and certain important species showed depressed abundance on the hybrid compared to either parental species. One such species is the seed-eating moth Limnaecia phragmitella, and Chapters 2 and 3 explore potential mechanisms for why hybrid plants appear to have increased resistance to this herbivore. I show that female moths do not avoid hybrid plants as oviposition sites, and that poor larval performance due to food limitation (from reduced seed set) is the most likely mechanism driving this species' abundance pattern. Since low fertility is common in hybrid plants, low abundance of seed-feeding herbivores probably represents a predictable consequence of hybridization. Chapter 4 discusses identification of hybrid cattails, and presents sets of traits based on genetically-identified cattails that can be used by researchers and managers to distinguish first-generation hybrids from the parental species in the field. Overall, this research provides a valuable new perspective to questions surrounding the effects of hybridization on community ecology, and the role of hybridization in insect-plant interactions.
Book Synopsis The Nature of Plant Communities by : J. Bastow Wilson
Download or read book The Nature of Plant Communities written by J. Bastow Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of the role of species interactions in the process of plant community assembly.
Book Synopsis Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by : Therese M. Poland
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis A Handbook of Global Freshwater Invasive Species by : Robert A. Francis
Download or read book A Handbook of Global Freshwater Invasive Species written by Robert A. Francis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive non-native species are a major threat to global biodiversity. Often introduced accidentally through international travel or trade, they invade and colonize new habitats, often with devastating consequences for the local flora and fauna. Their environmental impacts can range from damage to resource production (e.g. agriculture and forestry) and infrastructure (e.g. buildings, road and water supply), to human health. They consequently can have major economic impacts. It is a priority to prevent their introduction and spread, as well as to control them. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk from invasions and are landscape corridors that facilitate the spread of invasives. This book reviews the current state of knowledge of the most notable global invasive freshwater species or groups, based on their severity of economic impact, geographic distribution outside of their native range, extent of research, and recognition of the ecological severity of the impact of the species by the IUCN. As well as some of the very well-known species, the book also covers some invasives that are emerging as serious threats. Examples covered include a range of aquatic and riparian plants, insects, molluscs, crustacea, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, as well as some major pathogens of aquatic organisms. The book also includes overview chapters synthesizing the ecological impact of invasive species in fresh water and summarizing practical implications for the management of rivers and other freshwater habitats.
Book Synopsis Beavers: Boreal Ecosystem Engineers by : Carol A. Johnston
Download or read book Beavers: Boreal Ecosystem Engineers written by Carol A. Johnston and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-28 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the fields of ecosystem science and landscape ecology, this book integrates Dr. Carol Johnston's research on beaver ecosystem alteration at Voyageurs National Park. The findings about the vegetation, soils, and chemistry of beaver impoundments synthesized in the text provide a cohesive reference useful to wetland scientists, ecosystems and landscape ecologysts, wildlife managers, and students. The beaver, Castor canadensis, is an ecosystem engineer unequaled in its capacity to alter landscapes through browsing and dam building, whose population recovery has re-established environmental conditions that probably existed for millenia prior to its near extirpation by trapping in the 1800s and 1900s. Beavers continue to regain much of their natural range throughout North America, changing stream and forest ecosystems in ways that may be lauded or vilified. Interest in beavers by ecologists remains keen as new evidence emerges about the ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical effects of beaver browsing and construction. There is a critical need for ecologists and land managers to understand the potential magnitude, persistence, and ecosystem services of beaver landscape transformation. The 88-year record of beaver landscape occupation and alteration documented by Dr. Carol Johnston and colleagues from aerial photography and field work provides a unique resource toward understanding the ecosystem effects and sustainability of beaver activity.
Download or read book Biogeography written by Glen MacDonald and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrative examples from recent research publications and "classic" studies are prominently featured throughout the book. Research techniques are highlighted in "special interest" boxes. Illustrations and descriptions of research techniques are provided with examples such as fire-scars from trees used to reconstruct disturbance, fossil pollen used to reconstruct vegetation change and plant migration, transect and quadrate sampling. Includes key biogeographical theories that link space and time to the distribution of life. Some of these theories include: 1. Ranges, Reflicts, Refuges, Corridors, Barriers, 2. Centers of Origins, 3. Cladistics, 4. Variance, 5. Island BioGeography, 6. Diversity Theory, 7. Gap Analysis for Conservation.
Book Synopsis Coastal Wetlands by : Gerardo M.E. Perillo
Download or read book Coastal Wetlands written by Gerardo M.E. Perillo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-01-18 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal wetlands are under a great deal of pressure from the dual forces of rising sea level and the intervention of human populations both along the estuary and in the river catchment. Direct impacts include the destruction or degradation of wetlands from land reclamation and infrastructures. Indirect impacts derive from the discharge of pollutants, changes in river flows and sediment supplies, land clearing, and dam operations. As sea level rises, coastal wetlands in most areas of the world migrate landward to occupy former uplands. The competition of these lands from human development is intensifying, making the landward migration impossible in many cases. This book provides an understanding of the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the ecological services that they provide, and suggestions for their management. In this book a CD is included containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world. Includes a CD containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world.
Book Synopsis Landscape-scale Conservation Planning by : Stephen C. Trombulak
Download or read book Landscape-scale Conservation Planning written by Stephen C. Trombulak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hugh P. Possingham Landscape-scale conservation planning is coming of age. In the last couple of decades, conservation practitioners, working at all levels of governance and all spatial scales, have embraced the CARE principles of conservation planning – Comprehensiveness, Adequacy, Representativeness, and Efficiency. Hundreds of papers have been written on this theme, and several different kinds of software program have been developed and used around the world, making conservation planning based on these principles global in its reach and influence. Does this mean that all the science of conservation planning is over – that the discovery phase has been replaced by an engineering phase as we move from defining the rules to implementing them in the landscape? This book and the continuing growth in the literature suggest that the answer to this question is most definitely ‘no. ’ All of applied conservation can be wrapped up into a single sentence: what should be done (the action), in what place, at what time, using what mechanism, and for what outcome (the objective). It all seems pretty simple – what, where, when, how and why. However stating a problem does not mean it is easy to solve.
Book Synopsis Vegetation Ecology by : Eddy van der Maarel
Download or read book Vegetation Ecology written by Eddy van der Maarel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-24 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/vandermaarelfranklin/vegetationecology. Vegetation Ecology, 2nd Edition is a comprehensive, integrated account of plant communities and their environments. Written by leading experts in their field from four continents, the second edition of this book: covers the composition, structure, ecology, dynamics, diversity, biotic interactions and distribution of plant communities, with an emphasis on functional adaptations; reviews modern developments in vegetation ecology in a historical perspective; presents a coherent view on vegetation ecology while integrating population ecology, dispersal biology, soil biology, ecosystem ecology and global change studies; tackles applied aspects of vegetation ecology, including management of communities and invasive species; includes new chapters addressing the classification and mapping of vegetation, and the significance of plant functional types Vegetation Ecology, 2nd Edition is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers and teachers in plant ecology, geography, forestry and nature conservation. Vegetation Ecology takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach and will be welcomed as an essential reference for plant ecologists the world over.
Book Synopsis Ecology of Plants by : Jessica Gurevitch
Download or read book Ecology of Plants written by Jessica Gurevitch and published by Sinauer. This book was released on 2006-07-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brighter than ever, this text covers a range of topics with the focus on the interactions between plants and their environment over a range of scales. Throughout the book, human environmental influences are discussed as well as the importance of evolutionary and other historical processes for current ecology.
Book Synopsis Environmental Biotechnology by : Jeyabalan Sangeetha
Download or read book Environmental Biotechnology written by Jeyabalan Sangeetha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With focus on the practical use of modern biotechnology for environmental sustainability, this book provides a thoughtful overview of molecular aspects of environmental studies to create a new awareness of fundamental biological processes and sustainable ecological concerns. It covers the latest research by prominent scientists in modern biology and delineates recent and prospective applications in the sub-areas of environmental biotechnology with special focus on the biodegradation of toxic pollutants, bioremediation of contaminated environments, and bioconversion of organic wastes toward a green economy and sustainable future.
Book Synopsis Plant Migration by : Jonathan D. Sauer
Download or read book Plant Migration written by Jonathan D. Sauer and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1988-03-09 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using cases of plant migration documented by both historical and fossil evidence, Jonathan D. Sauer provides a landmark assessment of what is presently known, and not merely assumed, about the process.
Book Synopsis Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water by : Norman Terry
Download or read book Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water written by Norman Terry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoremediation is an exciting, new technology that utilizes metal-accumulating plants to rid soil of heavy metal and radionuclides. Hyperaccumulation plants are an appealing and economical alternative to current methods of soil recovery. Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water is the most thorough literary examination of the subject available today. The successful implementation of phytoremediation depends on identifying plant material that is well adapted to specific toxic sites. Gentle remediation is then applied in situ, or at the contamination site. No soil excavation or transport is necessary. This severely contains the potential risk of the pollutants entering the food chain. And it's cost effective. The progress of modern man has created many sites contaminated with heavy metals. The effected land is toxic to plants and animals , which creates considerable public interest in remediation. But the commonly used remedies are ex situ, which poses an expensive dilemma and an even greater threat. Phytoremediation offers the prospect of a cheaper and healthier way to deal with this problem. Read Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water to learn just how far this burgeoning technology has developed.
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Services Derived from Wetland Conservation Practices in the United States Prairie Pothole Region with an Emphasis on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs by : Robert A. Gleason
Download or read book Ecosystem Services Derived from Wetland Conservation Practices in the United States Prairie Pothole Region with an Emphasis on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs written by Robert A. Gleason and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 2008 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Restoring Diversity by : Donald A. Falk
Download or read book Restoring Diversity written by Donald A. Falk and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reintroduction of rare and endangered species to their natural habitat is one of emerging tools of ecosystem management. Yet despite hundreds of ongoing projects, the biological underpinnings of such activity are poorly understood, and important questions remain. Restoring Diversity provides biological, policy, and regulatory foundations for successful restoration of rare plants. Topics considered include the strategic and legal context for rare plant restoration, the biology of restoration, use (and misuse) of mitigation in rare plant conservation, and case studies from across the United States. Restoring Diversity presents model guidelines for the reintroduction of endangered plants - guidelines that incorporate ideas contained in the book's chapters with the wide-ranging experience of experts in the field. It is a pathbreaking work that not only unifies concepts in the field of restoration, but also fills significant technical and policy gaps and provides operational tools for successful restorations.
Download or read book Rangeland Reform '94 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
