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Hybrid Vigor Between Native And Introduced Salamanders Raises New Challenges For Conservation
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Book Synopsis Hybrid Vigor Between Native and Introduced Salamanders Raises New Challenges for Conservation by : Benjamin M. Firzpatrick
Download or read book Hybrid Vigor Between Native and Introduced Salamanders Raises New Challenges for Conservation written by Benjamin M. Firzpatrick and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybridization between differentiated lineages can have many different consequences depending on fitness variation among hybrid offspring. When introduced organisms hybridize with natives, the ensuing evolutionary dynamics may substantially complicate conservation decisions. Understanding the fitness consequences of hybridization is an important first step in predicting its evolutionary outcome and conservation impact. Here, we measured natural selection caused by differential viability of hybrid larvae in wild populations where native California Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) and introduced Barred Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium) have been hybridizing for 50?60 years. We found strong evidence of hybrid vigor; mixed-ancestry genotypes had higher survival rates than genotypes containing mostly native or mostly introduced alleles. Hybrid vigor may be caused by heterozygote advantage (overdominance) or recombinant hybrid vigor (due to epistasis or complementation). These genetic mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and we find statistical support for both overdominant and recombinant contributions to hybrid vigor in larval tiger salamanders. Because recombinant homozygous genotypes can breed true, a single highly fit genotype with a mosaic of native and introduced alleles may eventually replace the historically pure California Tiger Salamander (listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act). The management implications of this outcome are complex: Genetically pure populations may not persist into the future, but average fitness and population viability of admixed California Tiger Salamanders may be enhanced. The ecological consequences for other native species are unknown.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309485355 Total Pages :259 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-05-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s, averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result of numerous problems, including habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, disease, and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions and the associated increases in ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been implicated in increased reports of coral bleaching, disease outbreaks, and ocean acidification (OA). For the hundreds of millions of people who depend on reefs for food or livelihoods, the thousands of communities that depend on reefs for wave protection, the people whose cultural practices are tied to reef resources, and the many economies that depend on reefs for fisheries or tourism, the health and maintenance of this major global ecosystem is crucial. A growing body of research on coral physiology, ecology, molecular biology, and responses to stress has revealed potential tools to increase coral resilience. Some of this knowledge is poised to provide practical interventions in the short-term, whereas other discoveries are poised to facilitate research that may later open the doors to additional interventions. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs reviews the state of science on genetic, ecological, and environmental interventions meant to enhance the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. The complex nature of corals and their associated microbiome lends itself to a wide range of possible approaches. This first report provides a summary of currently available information on the range of interventions present in the scientific literature and provides a basis for the forthcoming final report.
Book Synopsis Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management by : J. Andrew DeWoody
Download or read book Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management written by J. Andrew DeWoody and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for undergraduate and graduate students in conservation biology, natural resource management, and ecology, this book compiles compelling case histories in molecular ecology.
Book Synopsis Ecology and Management of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species in the United States by : William C. Pitt
Download or read book Ecology and Management of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species in the United States written by William C. Pitt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertebrate invasive species are important ecologically, socially, and scientifically throughout much of the globe. However, the interdiction and options for management of invasive species are driven by localized regulation at the country or even state level and thus the management of species must be framed within that context. This book is focused around the management of invasive vertebrate species in the United States, although readers will find much of the material broadly applicable to invasive species in other regions. Vertebrate invasive species cause damage to agriculture, property, natural resources, and threaten human health and safety. However, most of these species occur in the United States resulting from human-mediated activities, often being released intentionally. For the first time, the wealth of scientific information about vertebrate invasive species in the United States is summarized and synthesized in a single volume to be easily accessible to ecologists and natural resource managers. With a focus on prominent terrestrial invasive species that have a history of policy and management and highlighting contemporary issues and management, this book consists of 18 chapters written by experts from across the United States. The first section of the book focuses on overarching policy and management topics associated with vertebrate invasive species; including biosecurity threats and risk assessment, policy and regulation, and the economics of their management. The second section provides in-depth reviews of noteworthy invasive mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. After finishing this book, the reader should understand the complexity of managing invasive species, the unique challenges that each new species may present, and the steps forward that may decrease the impact of these species on the environment, human health, and the economy.
Book Synopsis Wildlife Habitat Conservation by : Michael L. Morrison
Download or read book Wildlife Habitat Conservation written by Michael L. Morrison and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in association with The Wildlife Society.
Book Synopsis Extinction in Our Times by : James P. Collins
Download or read book Extinction in Our Times written by James P. Collins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over 350 million years, thousands of species of amphibians have lived on earth, but since the 1990s they have been disappearing at an alarming rate, in many cases quite suddenly and mysteriously. What is causing these extinctions? What role do human actions play in them? What do they tell us about the overall state of biodiversity on the planet? In Extinction in Our Times, James Collins and Martha Crump explore these pressing questions and many others as they document the first modern extinction event across an entire vertebrate class, using global examples that range from the Sierra Nevada of California to the rainforests of Costa Rica and the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. Joining scientific rigor and vivid storytelling, this book is the first to use amphibian decline as a lens through which to see more clearly the larger story of climate change, conservation of biodiversity, and a host of profoundly important ecological, evolutionary, ethical, philosophical, and sociological issues.
Book Synopsis The Ecology, Evolution, and Management of Recent Non-Native Hybridization of the Endangered California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma Californiense) by : Robert David Cooper
Download or read book The Ecology, Evolution, and Management of Recent Non-Native Hybridization of the Endangered California Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma Californiense) written by Robert David Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of non-native species is a growing threat to biodiversity worldwide. Hybridization between invasive and endangered species severely complicates the management and conservation of threatened taxa. In these situations, it is necessary to understand the forces that drive hybrid success on the landscape in order to employ the most efficient and effective strategies to preserve native diversity. In this thesis, I present three studies that target specific aspects of hybridization between the endangered California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) and the introduced barred tiger salamander (Ambystoma mavortium). In the first chapter, I use a Critical Thermal Maximum (CTMax) assay to show that hybrid salamanders can function at greater temperatures than either parental species. Complementary analysis of gene expression uncovered extensive transgressive segregation in F1 hybrids, which may explain this enhanced thermal ability. Increased temperature tolerance in hybrid salamanders may contribute to their success in California. The final two chapters evaluate a potential method for reducing the success of hybrid salamanders in the wild. Previous work has suggested that breeding pond duration (hydroperiod) may confer fitness differences between hybrid and native salamanders. In the second chapter I constructed an array of large, semi-natural experimental ponds to test the effect of hydroperiod on larval survival and mass at metamorphosis. I demonstrate that both hybrid and native larvae benefit from increased pond duration, though hybrids benefit substantially more from each additional day of pond duration. While there were no hydroperiod treatments where native larvae outperformed hybrids, shortened hydroperiods significantly reduced hybrid advantage. In the third chapter, I use data from Chapter 2 to modify a recently developed demographic model for CTS to estimate the effects that hydroperiod manipulation might have on population persistence and hybrid success. Through demographic simulations, I demonstrate that the short hydroperiod treatments do not support a stable CTS population, and do not increase population resistance to hybrid colonization. It appears that healthy native populations near their carrying capacity, supported by long hydroperiod ponds, represent the best tool for deterring hybrid expansion. Conversely, reducing the hydroperiod of primarily non-native ponds may reduce the success of hybrids, decreasing the proliferation of non-native genotypes. Managing non-native hybrids is a difficult, but important conservation priority given the increased performance of hybrids in both temperature tolerance and larval success. Integrative strategies that include targeted hydroperiod management may represent the best strategy for maintaining native CTS diversity in California.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions by : Daniel Simberloff
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions written by Daniel Simberloff and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-01-02 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Addresses all aspects of this subject at a global level--including invasions by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria--in succinct, alphabetically arranged articles. Featuring many cross-references, suggestions for further reading, illustrations, an appendix of the world's worst 100 invasive species, a glossary, and more..." -- From the publisher.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America by : National Academy of Sciences (U.S.).
Download or read book Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America written by National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 2 by : Christon J. Hurst
Download or read book Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 2 written by Christon J. Hurst and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-23 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in animals), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non-virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.
Book Synopsis Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society by : Jacky Turner
Download or read book Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society written by Jacky Turner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of when, how, how often and with whom an animal breeds is moving rapidly away from evolutionary pressures and towards human purposes: these include the breeding of around 50 billion mammals and birds for food production annually, the breeding of pedigree dogs and cats, racing dogs and horses, specialised laboratory animal strains and the use of reproductive science to conserve endangered species or breeds and to limit unwanted populations of pests and non-native species. But the ethics and sustainability of this takeover of animals' reproductive lives have been insufficiently examined by either professionals or the public. This book discusses the methods, the motivations and the consequences of human intervention in animal breeding in terms of animal health, behaviour and well-being. It explores where we are now and the choices ahead, and looks to a future where we have more respect for animals as sentient beings and where we could loosen the reins of reproductive control.
Download or read book Wild Souls written by Emma Marris and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2022 Rachel Carson Environment Book Award * Winner of the 2022 Science in Society Journalism Award (Books) * Finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize “Thoughtful, insightful, and wise, Wild Souls is a landmark work.”--Ed Yong, author of An Immense World "Fascinating . . . hands-on philosophy, put to test in the real world . . . Marris believes that our idea of wildness--our obsession with purity--is misguided. No animal remains untouched by human hands . . . the science isn't the hard part. The real challenge is the ethics, the act of imagining our appropriate place in that world." --Outside Magazine From an acclaimed environmental writer, a groundbreaking and provocative new vision for our relationships with--and responsibilities toward--the planet's wild animals. Protecting wild animals and preserving the environment are two ideals so seemingly compatible as to be almost inseparable. But in fact, between animal welfare and conservation science there exists a space of underexamined and unresolved tension: wildness itself. When is it right to capture or feed wild animals for the good of their species? How do we balance the rights of introduced species with those already established within an ecosystem? Can hunting be ecological? Are any animals truly wild on a planet that humans have so thoroughly changed? No clear guidelines yet exist to help us resolve such questions. Transporting readers into the field with scientists tackling these profound challenges, Emma Marris tells the affecting and inspiring stories of animals around the globe--from Peruvian monkeys to Australian bilbies, rare Hawai'ian birds to majestic Oregon wolves. And she offers a companionable tour of the philosophical ideas that may steer our search for sustainability and justice in the non-human world. Revealing just how intertwined animal life and human life really are, Wild Souls will change the way we think about nature-and our place within it.
Book Synopsis Population Genomics: Wildlife by : Paul A. Hohenlohe
Download or read book Population Genomics: Wildlife written by Paul A. Hohenlohe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genomics is revolutionizing wildlife biology, conservation, and management by providing key and novel insights into genetic, population and landscape-level processes in wildlife, with unprecedented power and accuracy. This pioneering book presents the advances and potential of population genomics in wildlife, outlining key population genomics concepts and questions in wildlife biology, population genomics approaches that are specifically applicable to wildlife, and application of population genomics in wildlife population and evolutionary biology, ecology, adaptation and conservation and management. It is important for students, researchers, and wildlife professionals to understand the growing set of population genomics tools that can address issues from delineation of wildlife populations to assessing their capacity to adapt to environmental change. This book brings together leading experts in wildlife population genomics to discuss the key areas of the field, as well as challenges, opportunities and future prospects of wildlife population genomics.
Book Synopsis Landscape Genetics and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Ambystoma Macrodactylum Species Complex by : Wesley Keith Savage
Download or read book Landscape Genetics and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Ambystoma Macrodactylum Species Complex written by Wesley Keith Savage and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecosystems of California by : Harold Mooney
Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.
Download or read book Emerging Model Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Muskellunge Management by : Kevin L. Kapuscinski
Download or read book Muskellunge Management written by Kevin L. Kapuscinski and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
