Human Population Genetic Research In Developing Countries

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Human Population Genetic Research in Developing Countries

Author : Yue Wang
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135047111
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Population Genetic Research in Developing Countries by : Yue Wang

Download or read book Human Population Genetic Research in Developing Countries written by Yue Wang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human population genetic research (HPGR) seeks to identify the diversity and variation of the human genome and how human group and individual genetic diversity has developed. This book asks whether developing countries are well prepared for the ethical and legal conduct of human population genetic research, with specific regard to vulnerable target group protection. The book highlights particular issues raised by genetic research on populations as a whole, such as the potential harm specific groups may suffer in genetic research, and the capacity for current frameworks of Western developed countries to provide adequate protections for these target populations. Using The People’s Republic of China as a key example, Yue Wang argues that since the target groups of HPGR are almost always from isolated and rural areas of developing countries, the ethical and legal frameworks for human subject protection need to be reconsidered in order to eliminate, or at least reduce, the vulnerability of those groups. While most discussion in this field focuses on the impact of genetic research on individuals, this book breaks new ground in exploring how the interests of target groups are also seriously implicated in genetic work. In evaluating current regulations concerning prevention of harm to vulnerable groups, the book also puts forward an alternative model for group protection in the context of human population genetic research in developing countries. The book will be of great interest to students and academics of medical law, ethics, and the implications of genetic research.

Equitable Access to Human Biological Resources in Developing Countries

Author : Roger Scarlin Chennells
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319197258
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Equitable Access to Human Biological Resources in Developing Countries by : Roger Scarlin Chennells

Download or read book Equitable Access to Human Biological Resources in Developing Countries written by Roger Scarlin Chennells and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main question explored by the book is: How can cross-border access to human genetic resources, such as blood or DNA samples, be governed in such a way as to achieve equity for vulnerable populations in developing countries? The book situates the field of genomic and genetic research within global health and research frameworks, describing the concerns that have been raised about the potential unfairness in exchanges during recent decades. Access to and sharing in the benefits of human biological resources are aspects not regulated by any international legal framework such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, which applies only to the exchange of plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as to associated traditional knowledge. Examples of genetic research perceived as exploitative are provided in order to illustrate the legal vacuum concerning the global governance of human genetic resources. The main conclusions drawn from the legal and ethical analysis are: • Benefit sharing is crucial in order to avoid the exploitation of developing countries in human genetic research. • With functioning research ethics committees, undue inducement is less of a concern in genetic research than in other areas of medical research (e.g. clinical trials). • Concerns remain over research involving indigenous populations; accordingly, recommendations are provided. In drawing these conclusions, the book addresses in detail a highly pressing topic in global bioethics and international law. In this regard, it combines bioethical arguments with jurisprudence, in particular with reference to the law of equity and the legal concepts of duress (coercion), unconscionable dealing, and undue inducement.

Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309184746
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity by : National Research Council

Download or read book Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-19 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the scientific value and merit of research on human genetic differencesâ€"including a collection of DNA samples that represents the whole of human genetic diversityâ€"and the ethical, organizational, and policy issues surrounding such research. Evaluating Human Genetic Diversity discusses the potential uses of such collection, such as providing insight into human evolution and origins and serving as a springboard for important medical research. It also addresses issues of confidentiality and individual privacy for participants in genetic diversity research studies.

Population Genomics in the Developing World

Author : Marlo Möller
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443185476
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Genomics in the Developing World by : Marlo Möller

Download or read book Population Genomics in the Developing World written by Marlo Möller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population Genomics in the Developing World: Concepts, Applications, and Challenges, a new volume in the Translational and Applied Genomics series, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of the field of population genomics in developing countries. The book equips students, researchers, and clinicians with the practical skills and approaches necessary to face the unique challenges and opportunities of practicing population genomics in developing countries. Following a brief foundational overview, more than a dozen authors working in developing nations share applied case studies from the field, including rationale, methods, analysis, and outcomes to reinforce understanding. Key themes across the country specific chapters include efficient genetic data generation and effective computational and statistical tools to analyze population-level data. The book then discusses clinical interpretation of this data, from direct-to-consumer ancestry testing to translational and applied precision medicine. A final chapter considers ethical aspects of conducting genomic research in developing countries. Addresses the unique opportunities to positively impact global health by practicing population genomics in developing countries Features applied case studies from genomic research in various developing nations, with clear instruction in research rationale, methods, tools, materials used, analysis, and outcomes Features international chapter authors and population genomics experts practicing in South Africa, Gabon, India, South America, Central America, and Honduras, among other locations

Populations and Genetics

Author : Bartha Maria Knoppers
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047402936
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Populations and Genetics by : Bartha Maria Knoppers

Download or read book Populations and Genetics written by Bartha Maria Knoppers and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic research and testing is not limited to individuals and their families. Increasingly, there is focus on communities and even whole populations. This raises legal and socio-ethical and issues that have not been addressed. In this age of international biobanking involving populations, are current legal and ethical approaches sufficient? This book of selected papers covers population research and banking as well as accompanying confidentiality, and governance concerns. Possible commercialization, patents, benefit sharing, discrimination, and the role of patient organizations and of developing countries are also discussed. New perspectives and models are provided. The book concludes with a Statement of Principles on the Ethical Conduct of Human Genetic Research Involving Populations. Policymakers, academics, legislators and researchers will find this book to be current and controversial. The human genome may be mapped but the legal and socio-ethical debate is far from over.

Genomics and World Health

Author : Organisation mondiale de la santé
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241545542
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomics and World Health by : Organisation mondiale de la santé

Download or read book Genomics and World Health written by Organisation mondiale de la santé and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Research on Human Population Genetics

Author : World Health Organization. Scientific Group on Research on Human Population Genetics
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Research on Human Population Genetics by : World Health Organization. Scientific Group on Research on Human Population Genetics

Download or read book Research on Human Population Genetics written by World Health Organization. Scientific Group on Research on Human Population Genetics and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Human Genome Research

Author :
Publisher : Allied Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9788170238621
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Genome Research by :

Download or read book Human Genome Research written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed articles presented at an "International Symposium on Human Genome Studies: Emerging Ethical and Socio-Economical Issues" during May 22-25, 1998 in Goa.

Cells and Surveys

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171431
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cells and Surveys by : National Research Council

Download or read book Cells and Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can social science, and demography in particular, reasonably expect to learn from biological information? There is increasing pressure for multipurpose household surveys to collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer-respondent information. Given that recent technical developments have made it more feasible to collect biological information in non-clinical settings, those who fund, design, and analyze survey data need to think through the rationale and potential consequences. This is a concern that transcends national boundaries. Cells and Surveys addresses issues such as which biologic/genetic data should be collected in order to be most useful to a range of social scientists and whether amassing biological data has unintended side effects. The book also takes a look at the various ethical and legal concerns that such data collection entails.

Human Genetics and Genomics

Author : Bruce R. Korf
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118537661
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Genetics and Genomics by : Bruce R. Korf

Download or read book Human Genetics and Genomics written by Bruce R. Korf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the best-selling textbook, Human Genetics and Genomics, clearly explains the key principles needed by medical and health sciences students, from the basis of molecular genetics, to clinical applications used in the treatment of both rare and common conditions. A newly expanded Part 1, Basic Principles of Human Genetics, focuses on introducing the reader to key concepts such as Mendelian principles, DNA replication and gene expression. Part 2, Genetics and Genomics in Medical Practice, uses case scenarios to help you engage with current genetic practice. Now featuring full-color diagrams, Human Genetics and Genomics has been rigorously updated to reflect today’s genetics teaching, and includes updated discussion of genetic risk assessment, “single gene” disorders and therapeutics. Key learning features include: Clinical snapshots to help relate science to practice ‘Hot topics’ boxes that focus on the latest developments in testing, assessment and treatment ‘Ethical issues’ boxes to prompt further thought and discussion on the implications of genetic developments ‘Sources of information’ boxes to assist with the practicalities of clinical research and information provision Self-assessment review questions in each chapter Accompanied by the Wiley E-Text digital edition (included in the price of the book), Human Genetics and Genomics is also fully supported by a suite of online resources at www.korfgenetics.com, including: Factsheets on 100 genetic disorders, ideal for study and exam preparation Interactive Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with feedback on all answers Links to online resources for further study Figures from the book available as PowerPoint slides, ideal for teaching purposes The perfect companion to the genetics component of both problem-based learning and integrated medical courses, Human Genetics and Genomics presents the ideal balance between the bio-molecular basis of genetics and clinical cases, and provides an invaluable overview for anyone wishing to engage with this fast-moving discipline.

Genomics and Health in the Developing World

Author : Dhavendra Kumar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780199392995
Total Pages : 1569 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (929 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomics and Health in the Developing World by : Dhavendra Kumar

Download or read book Genomics and Health in the Developing World written by Dhavendra Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics and Health in the Developing World provides detailed and comprehensive coverage of population structures, human genomics, and genome variation--with particular emphasis on medical and health issues--in the emerging economies and countries of the developing world. With sections dedicated to fundamtals of genetics and genomics, epidemiology of human disease, biomarkers, comparative genomics, developments in translational genomic medicine, current and future health strategies related to genetic disease, and pertinent legislative and social factors, this volume highlights the importance o.

Genomic Diversity

Author : Surinder Singh Papiha
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781461369141
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (691 download)

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Book Synopsis Genomic Diversity by : Surinder Singh Papiha

Download or read book Genomic Diversity written by Surinder Singh Papiha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major themes of human population genetics is assaying genetic variation in human populations. The ultimate goal of this objective is to understand the extent of genetic diversity and the use of this knowledge to reconstruct our evolutionary history. The discipline had undergone a revolutionary transition with the advent of molecular techniques in the 1980s. With this shift, statistical methods have also been developed to perceive the biological and molecular basis of human genetic variation. Using the new perspectives gained during the above transition, this volume describes the applications of molecular markers spanning the autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial genome in the analysis of human diversity in contemporary populations. This is the first reference book of its kind to bring together data from these diverse sets of markers for understanding evolutionary histories and relationships of modern humans in a single volume.

Heritable Human Genome Editing

Author : The Royal Society
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309671132
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Heritable Human Genome Editing by : The Royal Society

Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070864
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Who We Are and How We Got Here

Author : David Reich
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192554387
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Who We Are and How We Got Here by : David Reich

Download or read book Who We Are and How We Got Here written by David Reich and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few years have witnessed a revolution in our ability to obtain DNA from ancient humans. This important new data has added to our knowledge from archaeology and anthropology, helped resolve long-existing controversies, challenged long-held views, and thrown up remarkable surprises. The emerging picture is one of many waves of ancient human migrations, so that all populations living today are mixes of ancient ones, and often carry a genetic component from archaic humans. David Reich, whose team has been at the forefront of these discoveries, explains what genetics is telling us about ourselves and our complex and often surprising ancestry. Gone are old ideas of any kind of racial âpurity.' Instead, we are finding a rich variety of mixtures. Reich describes the cutting-edge findings from the past few years, and also considers the sensitivities involved in tracing ancestry, with science sometimes jostling with politics and tradition. He brings an important wider message: that we should recognize that every one of us is the result of a long history of migration and intermixing of ancient peoples, which we carry as ghosts in our DNA. What will we discover next?

The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133181
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

Human Genome Editing

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452880
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Genome Editing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Human Genome Editing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-08-13 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.