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Human Performance Effects Of Adaptive Automation Of Various Air Traffic Control Information Processing Functions
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Book Synopsis Human Performance Effects of Adaptive Automation of Various Air Traffic Control Information Processing Functions by : Christopher K. McClernon
Download or read book Human Performance Effects of Adaptive Automation of Various Air Traffic Control Information Processing Functions written by Christopher K. McClernon and published by . This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced forms of automation are being considered for application to Air Traffic Control (ATC) in order to reduce controller workload and make higher traffic volumes more manageable. At this point in time there is only limited knowledge of the implications of, for example, Adaptive Automation (AA) on controller performance, workload, and Situation Awareness (SA). The purpose of this research was to (1) define a measure of SA in an ATC simulation that is a sensitive and reliable indicator of automation state changes as part of AA; (2) empirically assess the SA measure for use in investigating AA of various ATC information processing functions; and (3) determine the relationship(s) between AA in the ATC simulation and operator SA. The situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT) was considered to be an appropriate candidate measure of SA during AA of an ATC simulation.
Book Synopsis Human Performance Effects of Adaptive Automation of Variuos Air Traffic Control Information Processing Functions by : Christopher Kyle McClernon
Download or read book Human Performance Effects of Adaptive Automation of Variuos Air Traffic Control Information Processing Functions written by Christopher Kyle McClernon and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: adaptive automation, SAGAT, situation awareness, air traffic control, human information processing, dynamic function allocation, automation.
Book Synopsis Workloadmatched adaptive automation support of air traffic controller information processing stages by : David B. Kaber
Download or read book Workloadmatched adaptive automation support of air traffic controller information processing stages written by David B. Kaber and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automation and Human Performance by : Raja Parasuraman
Download or read book Automation and Human Performance written by Raja Parasuraman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is perhaps no facet of modern society where the influence of computer automation has not been felt. Flight management systems for pilots, diagnostic and surgical aids for physicians, navigational displays for drivers, and decision-aiding systems for air-traffic controllers, represent only a few of the numerous domains in which powerful new automation technologies have been introduced. The benefits that have been reaped from this technological revolution have been many. At the same time, automation has not always worked as planned by designers, and many problems have arisen--from minor inefficiencies of operation to large-scale, catastrophic accidents. Understanding how humans interact with automation is vital for the successful design of new automated systems that are both safe and efficient. The influence of automation technology on human performance has often been investigated in a fragmentary, isolated manner, with investigators conducting disconnected studies in different domains. There has been little contact between these endeavors, although principles gleaned from one domain may have implications for another. Also, with a few exceptions, the research has tended to be empirical and only theory-driven. In recent years, however, various groups of investigators have begun to examine human performance in automated systems in general and to develop theories of human interaction with automation technology. This book presents the current theories and assesses the impact of automation on different aspects of human performance. Both basic and applied research is presented to highlight the general principles of human-computer interaction in several domains where automation technologies are widely implemented. The major premise is that a broad-based, theory-driven approach will have significant implications for the effective design of both current and future automation technologies. This volume will be of considerable value to researchers in human
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781723773990 Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (739 download)
Book Synopsis Workload-Matched Adaptive Automation Support of Air Traffic Controller Information Processing Stages by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Workload-Matched Adaptive Automation Support of Air Traffic Controller Information Processing Stages written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive automation (AA) has been explored as a solution to the problems associated with human-automation interaction in supervisory control environments. However, research has focused on the performance effects of dynamic control allocations of early stage sensory and information acquisition functions. The present research compares the effects of AA to the entire range of information processing stages of human operators, such as air traffic controllers. The results provide evidence that the effectiveness of AA is dependent on the stage of task performance (human-machine system information processing) that is flexibly automated. The results suggest that humans are better able to adapt to AA when applied to lower-level sensory and psychomotor functions, such as information acquisition and action implementation, as compared to AA applied to cognitive (analysis and decision-making) tasks. The results also provide support for the use of AA, as compared to completely manual control. These results are discussed in terms of implications for AA design for aviation.Kaber, David B. and Prinzel, Lawrence J., III and Wright, Melanie C. and Clamann, Michael P.Langley Research CenterAIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (PERSONNEL); MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS; DECISION MAKING; DYNAMIC CONTROL; WORKLOADS (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY); COGNITION; DATA PROCESSING; HUMAN PERFORMANCE; MANUAL CONTROL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE
Book Synopsis Air Traffic Control: Human Performance Factors by : Anne R. Isaac
Download or read book Air Traffic Control: Human Performance Factors written by Anne R. Isaac and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Foreword by Captain Daniel Maurino, ICAO: '...Air Traffic Control...will remain a technology-intensive system. People (controllers) must harmoniously interact with technology to contribute to achieve the aviation system’s goals of safe and efficient transportation of passengers and cargo...This book...considers human error and human factors from a contemporary and operational perspective and discusses the parts as well as the whole...I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I did.' The motivation for writing this book comes from the author’s long standing belief that the needs of Air Traffic Service personnel are inadequately represented in the aviation literature. There are few references to air traffic control in many of the books written for pilots and about pilots and this is also observed at the main international conferences. In line with the ICAO syllabus for human factors training for air traffic controllers, the book covers the main issues in air traffic control, with regard to human performance: physiology including stress, fatigue and shift work problems; psychology with emphasis on human error and its management, social psychology including issues of communication and working in teams, the environment including ergonomic principles and working with new technologies and hardware and software issues including the development of documentation and procedures and a study of the changes brought about by advanced technologies. Throughout the text there are actual examples taken from the air traffic control environment to illustrate the issues discussed. A full bibliography is included for those who want to read beyond these issues. It has been written for all in air traffic services, from ab initio to the boardroom; it is important that the men and women in senior management positions have some knowledge and awareness of the fundamental problems that limit and enhance human performance.
Book Synopsis The Future of Air Traffic Control by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Future of Air Traffic Control written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-26 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace systemâ€"in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781720941224 Total Pages :72 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (412 download)
Book Synopsis Situation Awareness Implications of Adaptive Automation of Air Traffic Controller Information Processing Functions by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Situation Awareness Implications of Adaptive Automation of Air Traffic Controller Information Processing Functions written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research was to define a measure of situation awareness (SA) in an air traffic control (ATC) task and to assess the influence of adaptive automation (AA) of various information processing functions on controller perception, comprehension and projection. The measure was also to serve as a basis for defining and developing an approach to triggering dynamic control allocations, as part of AA, based on controller SA. To achieve these objectives, an enhanced version of an ATC simulation (Multitask (copyright)) was developed for use in two human factors experiments. The simulation captured the basic functions of Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) and was capable of presenting to operators four different modes of control, including information acquisition, information analysis, decision making and action implementation automation, as well as a completely manual control mode. The SA measure that was developed as part of the research was based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT), previous goal-directed task analyses of enroute control and TRACON, and a separate cognitive task analysis on the ATC simulation. The results of the analysis on Multitask were used as a basis for formulating SA queries as part of the SAGAT-based approach to measuring controller SA, which was used in the experiments. A total of 16 subjects were recruited for both experiments. Half the subjects were used in Experiment #1, which focused on assessing the sensitivity and reliability of the SA measurement approach in the ATC simulation. Comparisons were made of manual versus automated control. The remaining subjects were used in the second experiment, which was intended to more completely describe the SA implications of AA applied to specific controller information processing functions, and to describe how the measure could ultimately serve as a trigger of dynamic function allocations in the application of AA to ATC. Comparisons were made of the sensitivit
Book Synopsis Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control by : John A. Wise
Download or read book Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control written by John A. Wise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, increases in the amount and changes in the distribution of air traffic have been very dramatic and are continuing. The need for changes in the current air traffic systems is equally clear. While automation is generally accepted as a method of improving system safety and performance, high levels of automation in complex human-machine systems can have a negative effect on total system performance and have been identified as contributing factors in many accidents and failures. Those responsible for designing the advanced air traffic control systems to be implemented throughout the alliance during the next decade need to be aware of recent progress concerning the most effective application of automation and artificial intelligence in human-computer systems. This volume gives the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Maratea, Italy, June 18-29, 1990, at which these issues were discussed.
Book Synopsis Flight to the Future by : National Research Council
Download or read book Flight to the Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-01-28 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses: The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safetyâ€"policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.
Book Synopsis Human-automation teamwork by : Åsa Svensson
Download or read book Human-automation teamwork written by Åsa Svensson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the topic of human-automation teamwork in Air Traffic Control (ATC). ATC is a high stakes environment where complex automation is being introduced while the human operator has the legal responsibility. With increasing demands on productivity in various industries (as also in ATC), automation is introduced for efficiency, maintaining safety, and to keep the workload of the human operator within acceptable limits. However, previous research has shown that automation may cause negative effects on the human operator and performance, such as forcing the operator out of the control loop, which might lead to problems or confusion. Previous research suggests a need for strengthening human-automation collaboration where automation is seen as a team member to keep the operator in the loop. In order to achieve such teamwork, the design of the automation needs to be human-centred, i.e. that the automation is designed for the underlying need of the operator. The aim of this dissertation is to explore teamwork in ATC from several angles to understand how the air traffic controllers are working in current ATC environments and how automation could be designed to support human-automation teamwork. The included studies rely on interviews, simulations, and questionnaires, all with operational air traffic controllers as participants. The results indicate that for both human-human teamwork and human-automation teamwork, teamwork factors such as adaptability and mutual performance monitoring (knowing what the other team members are doing) are important for the work performance in current ATC environments, where mutual performance monitoring is especially important during stressful situations. When designing automation, lessons learned from human-human teamwork should be considered. The work within the scope of this dissertation identifies and concerns two human-automation teamwork aspects: boundary awareness and implicit communication. These are proposed to support the operator’s knowledge about the automation and the communication flow between the operator and the automation. Boundary awareness is the operator’s knowledge of the automation’s abilities, its boundaries (what it can or cannot manage), and about consequences if it would go outside of these boundaries. Implicit communication is the unspoken or implied small cues that the operator and the automation can use to communicate with each other. It is proposed that implicit communication can be based on the work patterns of the operator. The knowledge gained through the work in this dissertation can be used as a foundation for further research and design of automation regarding operator knowledge about the automation boundaries and the communication within the team. Denna avhandling utforskar teamwork mellan människa och automation inom flygtrafikledning. Flygtrafikledning är en högriskmiljö där komplex automation introduceras samtidigt som den mänskliga operatören har det juridiska ansvaret. Med ökade krav på produktivitet inom olika industrier (och även inom flygtrafikledning) så introduceras automation för effektiviteten, för att bibehålla säkerheten och för att hålla arbetsbelastningen för den mänskliga operatören inom acceptabla gränser. Tidigare forskning har däremot visat att automationen kan orsaka negativa effekter på den mänskliga operatören och på prestationen, som till exempel att tvinga ut operatören utanför kontrolloopen vilket leder till problem och förvirring. Tidigare forskning föreslår ett starkare samarbete mellan människa och automation där automationen är sedd som en teammedlem för att behålla operatören i loopen. För att uppnå ett sådant samarbete behöver automation vara människo-centrerad, att automation med andra ord är designad för operatörens underliggande behov. Syftet med denna avhandling är att utforska teamwork från olika vinklar inom flygtrafikledning för att förstå hur flygledare jobbar i nuvarande flygtrafikledningsmiljöer och för att förstå hur automation skulle kunna designas för att stödja teamwork mellan människa och automation. Studierna som denna avhandling bygger på har använt sig av intervjuer, simuleringar och enkäter, alla med operativa flygtrafikledare som deltagare. Resultatet tyder på att för både människa-människa teamwork och människa-automations teamwork så är teamwork faktorer så som flexibilitet och ömsesidig övervakning av teammedlemmarnas prestationer viktiga där övervakning av teammedlemmarnas prestationer är speciellt viktigt under stressiga situationer. När man designar automation bör man ta lärdom från teamwork mellan människor. Vidare så identifierar och behandlar arbetet inom denna avhandling två aspekter gällande teamwork mellan människa och automation: gränsmedvetenhet och implicit kommunikation. Dessa aspekter är föreslagna vi att stötta operatörens kunskap om automationen och kommunikationsflödet mellan operatören och automationen. Gränsmedvetenhet är operatörens kunskap om automationens förmågor, dess gränser och dess konsekvenser när automation går utanför dessa gränser. Implicit kommunikation är de outtalade eller implicita ledtrådar som operatören och automationen kan använda för att kommunicera med varandra. Det är föreslaget att implicit kommunikation kan baseras på arbetsmönster från operatören eller från prediktioner från automationen. Kunskapen från denna avhandling kan användas som ett underlagför vidare forskning och design av automation gällande operatörers kunskap om automationens gränser och kommunikationen inom teamet.
Book Synopsis Human Factors Impacts in Air Traffic Management by : Mark Rodgers
Download or read book Human Factors Impacts in Air Traffic Management written by Mark Rodgers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In research and application of Human Factors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems design, development and operation, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the range and integration of activities associated with the need for greater attention to issues such as human error, interface design and teamwork, especially in systems with increased levels of automation. This book seeks to redress this situation by presenting case studies of human factors applications in which there is demonstrable success in terms of improvement in operational systems. Individual examples are used to outline how each human factors study evolved, what it entailed, how it was resourced and how the results contributed to operational performance. Case studies include training methods, human error, team resource management, situation assessment, terminal automation replacement systems, collaborative decision-making to improve the effectiveness of traffic-flow management and the role of human factors in ATM.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Automation and Human Performance. 3. Effects of Practice on the Benefits and Costs of Automation Shifts by :
Download or read book Adaptive Automation and Human Performance. 3. Effects of Practice on the Benefits and Costs of Automation Shifts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive automation, or adaptive function allocation, is thought to maximize the benefits associated with cockpit automation while maintaining pilot involvement, enhancing situation awareness, and regulating workload. These claims have not been tested empirically. The present study examined the effects of short-cycle adaptive automation and practice on performance-of flight-related functions in a multi-task environment. Twenty four non pilot subjects were tested on a PC-based flight- simulation task that included three primary flight functions -- tracking, monitoring, and fuel management. Each function could be automated or performed manually. The results provide preliminary evidence that dynamic automation shifts over short cycles, of the type likely in adaptive systems, benefit performance of flight- related tasks, with no evidence of costs to performance following the return to manual control. Benefits are realized despite the added workload of supervisory control of automated functions. However, training procedures other than simple practice may be necessary to maximize and maintain the performance benefits associated with adaptive automation.
Book Synopsis Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, Two-Volume Set by : Mustapha Mouloua
Download or read book Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, Two-Volume Set written by Mustapha Mouloua and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set addresses a variety of human factors issues and engineering concerns across various real-world applications such as aviation and driving, cybersecurity, and healthcare systems. The contents of these books also present recent theories and methods related to human performance, workload and usability assessment in automated and autonomous systems. In this set, the authors discuss both current and developing topics of advanced automation technologies and present emerging practical challenges. Topics covered include unmanned aerial systems and self-driving cars, individual and team performance, human-robot interaction, and operator selection and training. Both practical and theoretical discussions of modern automated and autonomous systems are provided throughout each of the volumes. These books are suitable for those first approaching the issues to those well versed in these fast-moving areas, including students, teachers, researchers, engineers, and policy makers alike. Volume 1 - Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Current Theory and Methods Volume 2 - Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems: Emerging Issues and Practical Perspectives
Book Synopsis Human Factors in Air Traffic Control by : Mark W. Smolensky
Download or read book Human Factors in Air Traffic Control written by Mark W. Smolensky and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-03-18 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of human factors has progressed greatly in the past 10 years, particularly with regard to the literature available in applied areas. The authors of this text focus on the most important aspects of this literature--the increasing concern over the deregulation of airlines and the increase in aviation accidents. The book covers general system safety, human perception, information processing, and cognitive load capacity during air traffic control performance, as well as team coordination, selection and training of personnel, work station and software design, and communication issues.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering by : John D. Lee
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering written by John D. Lee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first to provide comprehensive coverage of original state-of-the-science research, analysis, and design of integrated, human-technology systems.
