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Human Motives And Cultural Models
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Book Synopsis Human Motives and Cultural Models by : Roy G. D'Andrade
Download or read book Human Motives and Cultural Models written by Roy G. D'Andrade and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-05-21 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do people do what they do? The authors attempt to show how shared cultural knowledge comes to motivate, or fail to motivate, individuals.
Book Synopsis Cultures Under Siege by : Antonius C. G. M. Robben
Download or read book Cultures Under Siege written by Antonius C. G. M. Robben and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-14 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary study of collective violence offering insights into darker side of humanity.
Book Synopsis Cultural Models by : Giovanni Bennardo
Download or read book Cultural Models written by Giovanni Bennardo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about cultural models. Cultural models are defined as molar organizations of knowledge. Their internal structure consists of a 'core' component and 'peripheral' nodes that are filled by default values. These values are instantiated, i.e., changed to specific values or left at their default values, when the individual experiences 'events' of any type. Thus, the possibility arises for recognizing and categorizing events as representative of the same cultural model even if they slightly differ in each of their specific occurrences. Cultural models play an important role in the generation of one's behavior. They correlate well with those of others and the behaviors they help shape are usually interpreted by others as intended. A proposal is then advanced to consider cultural models as fundamental units of analysis for an approach to culture that goes beyond the dichotomy between the individual (culture only in mind) and the collective (culture only in the social realm). The genesis of the concept of cultural model is traced from Kant to contemporary scholars. The concept underwent a number of transformations (including label) while it crossed and received further and unique elaborations within disciplines like philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science. A methodological trajectory is outlined that blends qualitative and quantitative techniques that cross-feed each other in the gargantuan effort to discover cultural models. A survey follows of the extensive research about cultural models carried out with populations of North Americans, Europeans, Latino- and Native-Americans, Asians (including South Asians and South-East Asians), Pacific Islanders, and Africans. The results of the survey generated the opportunity to propose an empirically motivated typology of cultural models rooted in the primary difference between foundational and molar types. The book closes with a suggestion of a number of avenues that the authors recognize the research on cultural models could be traversing in the near future.
Book Synopsis Human Autonomy in Cross-Cultural Context by : Valery I. Chirkov
Download or read book Human Autonomy in Cross-Cultural Context written by Valery I. Chirkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the reader with a stimulating tapestry of essays exploring the nature of personal autonomy, self-determination, and agency, and their role in human optimal functioning at multiple levels of analysis from personal to societal and cross-cultural. The starting point for these explorations is self-determination theory, an integrated theory of human motivation and healthy development which has been under development for more than three decades (Deci & Ryan, 2000). As the contributions will make clear, psychological autonomy is a concept that forms the bridge between the dependence of human behavior on biological and socio-cultural determinants on the one side, and people’s ability to be free, reflective, and transforming agents who can challenge these dependencies, on the other. The authors within this volume share a vision that human autonomy is a fundamental pre-condition for both individuals and groups to thrive, and that without understanding the nature and mechanisms of autonomous agency vital social and human problems cannot be satisfactory addressed. This multidisciplinary team of researchers will collectively explore the nature of personal autonomy, considering its developmental origins, its expression within relationships, its importance within groups and organizational functioning, and its role in promoting to the democratic and economic development of societies. The book is aimed toward developmental, social, personality, and cross-cultural psychologists, towards researchers and practitioners’ in the areas of education, health and medicine, social work and, economics, and also towards all interested in creating a more sustainable and just world society through promoting individual freedom and agency. This volume will provide a theoretical and conceptual account of the nature and psychological mechanisms of personal motivational autonomy and human agency; rich multidisciplinary empirical evidence supporting the claims and propositions about the nature of human autonomy and capacities for self-regulation; explanations of how and why different psychological and socio-cultural conditions may play a role in promoting or undermining people’s autonomous motivation and well-being, discussions of how the promotion of human autonomy can positively influence environmental protection, democracy promotion and economic prosperity.
Book Synopsis The Development of Cognitive Anthropology by : Roy G. D'Andrade
Download or read book The Development of Cognitive Anthropology written by Roy G. D'Andrade and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-01-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an historical account of the growth and development of the field of cognitive anthropology, Roy D'Andrade examines how cultural knowledge is organised within and between human minds. He begins by examining the research carried out during the l950s and l960s which was concerned with how different cultures classify kinship relationships and the natural environment, and then traces the development of more complex and sophisticated cognitive theories of classification in anthropology which took place in the l970s and l980s. In an analysis of more recent developments, the author considers work involving cultural models, emotion, motivation and action. He concludes with a summary of the theoretical perspective of cognitive anthropology.
Book Synopsis Motivation and Culture by : Donald Munro
Download or read book Motivation and Culture written by Donald Munro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although a growing number of researchers emphasize the social and psychocultural aspects of motivation and motivation theory, few books have provided much coverage beyond well-tread studies of physiological and biological factors and theories. Motivation and Culture brings together eighteen writers with a variety of academic backgrounds and cultural experiences to explore the way that culture impinges on motivation. Exploring topics such as personal values and motives, intercultural exchange in the workplace, the intrapsychic process and the nexus between biology and culture, they formulate theories of motivation that can be applied in the modern multicultural world. Contributors include: Dona Lee Davis, Russell Geen, Joan Miller, John Paul Scott, William Wedenoja, Elisa J. Sobo and Stephen Wilson.
Book Synopsis A Theory of Human Motivation by : Abraham Maslow
Download or read book A Theory of Human Motivation written by Abraham Maslow and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 1974 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Human Rights in Thick and Thin Societies by : Seth D. Kaplan
Download or read book Human Rights in Thick and Thin Societies written by Seth D. Kaplan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the idea of a flexible approach to the human rights movement that returns to basics in an increasingly diverse and multipolar world.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Motivation Science by : James Y. Shah
Download or read book Handbook of Motivation Science written by James Y. Shah and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating significant advances in motivation science that have occurred over the last two decades, this volume thoroughly examines the ways in which motivation interacts with social, developmental, and emotional processes, as well as personality more generally. The Handbook comprises 39 clearly written chapters from leaders in the field. Cutting-edge theory and research is presented on core psychological motives, such as the need for esteem, security, consistency, and achievement; motivational systems that arise to address these fundamental needs; the process and consequences of goal pursuit, including the role of individual differences and contextual moderators; and implications for personal well-being and interpersonal and intergroup relations.
Book Synopsis A Study of Personal and Cultural Values by : R. D'Andrade
Download or read book A Study of Personal and Cultural Values written by R. D'Andrade and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2015-11-08 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes American, Vietnamese and Japanese personal values, attempting to understand how it can be ethnographers find large differences in values between cultures, yet empirical surveys find relatively small, almost trivial differences in personal values between cultures.
Book Synopsis Implicit Motives by : Oliver Schultheiss
Download or read book Implicit Motives written by Oliver Schultheiss and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-18 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - How do unconscious motivational needs (i.e., implicit motives) influence physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to incentives? - How can implicit motives be measured? - How are they shaped by culture, how do they influence political and societal processes? - Why are they often mismatched with the explicit beliefs people have about their motivational needs and what are the consequences of such mismatches? - How can we use knowledge about implicit motives in clinical, business, and school contexts to help people achieve their goals? These are some of the topics this comprehensive book presents in 18 clearly written chapters, contributed by leading authorities in the field. It represents a state-of-the-art reference for all researchers and practitioners interested in human motivation. Bringing together exciting new research on a central topic in human motivation, this volume is an important addition to the libraries of personality, social, and cognitive psychologists, affective and social neuroscientists, clinical psychologists, as well as graduate students in these fields and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Explaining Culture Scientifically by : Melissa J. Brown
Download or read book Explaining Culture Scientifically written by Melissa J. Brown and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What exactly is culture? The authors of this volume suggest that the study of one of anthropology's central questions may be a route to developing a scientific paradigm for the field. The contributors - prominent scholars in anthropology, biology, and economics - approach culture from very different theoretical and methodological perspectives, through studies grounded in fieldwork, surveys, demography, and other empirical data. From humans to chimpanzees, from Taiwan to New Guinea, from cannibalism to marriage patterns, this volume directly addresses the challenges of explaining culture scientifically. The evolutionary paradigm lends itself particularly well to the question of culture; in these essays, different modes of inheritance - genetic, cultural, ecological, and structural - illustrate evolutionary patterns in a variety of settings. Explaining Culture Scientifically is divided into parts that address how to think about culture, modeling approaches to cultural influences on behavior, ethnographic case studies addressing the question of culture's influence on behavior, and challenges to the possibility of a scientific approach to culture. It is necessary reading for scholars and students in anthropology and related disciplines.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning by : Norbert M. Seel
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.
Book Synopsis Introducing Cultural Anthropology by : Brian M. Howell
Download or read book Introducing Cultural Anthropology written by Brian M. Howell and published by Baker Academic. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of culture in human experience? This concise yet solid introduction to cultural anthropology helps readers explore and understand this crucial issue from a Christian perspective. Now revised and updated throughout, this new edition of a successful textbook covers standard cultural anthropology topics with special attention given to cultural relativism, evolution, and missions. It also includes a new chapter on medical anthropology. Plentiful figures, photos, and sidebars are sprinkled throughout the text, and updated ancillary support materials and teaching aids are available through Baker Academic's Textbook eSources.
Book Synopsis Religious Parenting by : Christian Smith
Download or read book Religious Parenting written by Christian Smith and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How do religiously-observant American parents pass on their religion to their children? Sociologist Christian Smith and his team sought to answer this question by interviewing over two hundred parents from across the U.S. affiliated with religious congregations of various types. The book presents the voices of parents from diverse socioeconomic and religious backgrounds interested in passing on their religious convictions and practices to their children, with the focus on why they think this matters, and how they do it. What Smith and his team found was surprising. Almost all the parents interviewed- whether Catholic, Evangelical, Jewish, Muslim, Mormon, or Hindu, and whether politically or theologically conservative or liberal-view the transmission of religion in much the same way. Most religious parents do not expect professional clergy and youth ministries to play a large role in imparting to young people a taste for continued religious affiliation and participation. Rather, they expect to do this work themselves, viewing their children as ongoing "projects". Moreover, very few of these religious parents regard what we might call the "truth" of religious claims-beliefs in salvation or the trinity (for example), the afterlife, heaven, etc.-as important reasons for the centrality of religion in their lives and the lives of their children. For nearly all, including the most conservative, religion is almost always about community, morality, and a sense of purpose, all of which lead to a better quality of life for themselves and their children in the here and now. Smith and his co-authors ground their discussion of religious parenting in a broader set of theoretical claims about the way in which religious transmission occurs. Drawing on cognitive anthropology and inspired by work in cognitive science, the authors present and describe the background "cultural models" that American religious parents hold and use to inform their parenting"--
Book Synopsis Cultural Models of Nature by : Giovanni Bennardo
Download or read book Cultural Models of Nature written by Giovanni Bennardo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the ethnographic experience of the contributors, this volume explores the Cultural Models of Nature found in a range of food-producing communities located in climate-change affected areas. These Cultural Models represent specific organizations of the etic categories underlying the concept of Nature (i.e. plants, animals, the physical environment, the weather, humans, and the supernatural). The adoption of a common methodology across the research projects allows the drawing of meaningful cross-cultural comparisons between these communities. The research will be of interest to scholars and policymakers actively involved in research and solution-providing in the climate change arena.
Book Synopsis Cultural Models of Emotions by : Victor Karandashev
Download or read book Cultural Models of Emotions written by Victor Karandashev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a multidisciplinary overview of cultural models of emotions, with particular focus on how cultural parameters of societies affect the emotional life of people in different cultural contexts. Going beyond traditional dichotomy of West-East comparison and related parameters of culture, such as individualism-collectivism and power distance, it also examines many other cultural dimensions that have received less attention in mainstream research. Among the topics covered: Basic emotional processes in cultural contexts Cultural complexity of emotions Survival and self-expression cultural values Facial expressiveness of emotion across cultures Cultural Models of Emotion is a comprehensive review of international perspectives on cross-cultural exploration of emotions, and will be a useful resource for researchers in anthropology, sociology, psychology, and communication studies.
