How To Reason

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Think Again

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190627123
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Think Again by : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

Download or read book Think Again written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our personal and political worlds are rife with arguments and disagreements, some of them petty and vitriolic. The inability to compromise and understand the opposition is epidemic today, from countries refusing to negotiate, to politicians pandering to their base. Social media has produced a virulent world where extreme positions dominate. There is much demonization of the other side, very little progress is made, and the end result is further widening of positions. How did this happen, and what might be done to address it? Walter Sinnott-Armstrong says there is such a thing as a "good" argument: Reasonable arguments can create more mutual understanding and respect, and even if neither party is convinced by the other, compromise is still possible. Think Again shows the importance of good arguments and reveals common misunderstandings. Rather than a means to persuade other people or beat them in an intellectual competition, Sinnott-Armstrong sees arguments as an essential tool for constructive interaction with others. After showing how the failure of good arguments has led us to society's current woes, he shows readers what makes a good argument. In clear, lively, and practical prose, and with plentiful examples from politics, popular culture, and everyday life, Sinnott-Armstrong explains what defines an argument, identifies the components of good arguments as well as fallacies to avoid, and demonstrates what good arguments can accomplish. Armed with these tools, readers will be able to spot bad reasoning and bad arguments, and to advance their own views in a forceful yet logical way. These skills could even help repair our tattered civic culture.

How We Reason

Author : Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198569769
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis How We Reason by : Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

Download or read book How We Reason written by Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good reasoning can lead to success; bad reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet, it's not obvious how we reason, and why we make mistakes. This book looks at the mental processes that underlie our reasoning. It provides the most accessible account yet of the science of reasoning.

How Do We Reason?

Author : Forrest E. Baird
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830855165
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis How Do We Reason? by : Forrest E. Baird

Download or read book How Do We Reason? written by Forrest E. Baird and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How exactly does logic work? What makes some arguments valid and others not? What does a faithful use of logic look like? In this introduction to logic, philosopher Forrest Baird considers the basic building blocks of human reason, including types of arguments, fallacies, syllogisms, symbols, and proofs, all of which are demonstrated with exercises for students throughout.

Reason and Less

Author : Vinod Goel
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262045478
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason and Less by : Vinod Goel

Download or read book Reason and Less written by Vinod Goel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. In Reason and Less, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel’s commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics. Goel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution’s solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. Tethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.

How to Reason

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
ISBN 13 : 1938421396
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Reason by : Richard L. Epstein

Download or read book How to Reason written by Richard L. Epstein and published by Advanced Reasoning Forum. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often we're guided by what we last heard, by our friends' approval, by impulse—our desires, our fears. Without reflection. Without even stopping to think. In this book you'll learn how to reason and find your way better in life. You'll learn to see the consequences of what you and others say and do. You'll learn to see the assumptions that you and others make. You'll learn how to judge what you should believe. These are the skills we all need to make good decisions. Illustrations using a cast of cartoon characters make the concepts memorable. And many exercises will help you to check your understanding. Truly a book for all—from high school to graduate school, from auto repair to managing a company. "How to Reason" will help you find a way in life that is clearer and not buffetted by the winds of nonsense and fear.

How to Reason

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
ISBN 13 : 1938421442
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Reason by : Richard L. Epstein

Download or read book How to Reason written by Richard L. Epstein and published by Advanced Reasoning Forum. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often we're guided by what we last heard, by our friends' approval, by impulse—our desires, our fears. Without reflection. Without even stopping to think. In this book you'll learn how to reason and find your way better in life. You'll learn to see the consequences of what you and others say and do. You'll learn to see the assumptions that you and others make. You'll learn how to judge what you should believe. These are the skills we all need to make good decisions. Illustrations using a cast of cartoon characters make the concepts memorable. And many exercises will help you to check your understanding. Truly a book for all—from high school to graduate school, from auto repair to managing a company. "How to Reason" will help you find a way in life that is clearer and not buffetted by the winds of nonsense and fear.

How to Reason + Reasoning in the Sciences

Author : Richard L Epstein
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
ISBN 13 : 1938421418
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Reason + Reasoning in the Sciences by : Richard L Epstein

Download or read book How to Reason + Reasoning in the Sciences written by Richard L Epstein and published by Advanced Reasoning Forum. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often we're guided by what we last heard, by our friends' approval, by impulse—our desires, our fears. Without reflection. Without even stopping to think. ** In this book you'll learn how to reason and find your way better in life. You'll learn to see the consequences of what you and others say and do. You'll learn to see the assumptions that you and others make. You'll learn how to judge what you should believe. These are the skills we all need to make good decisions. ** Claims. Arguments. Fallacies. Analogies. Generalizing. Cause and Effect. Explanations. These are clearly set out with hundreds of examples from daily life showing how to use them. Illustrations using a cast of cartoon characters make the concepts memorable. And many exercises will help you to check your understanding. ** Truly a book for all—from high school to graduate school, from auto repair to managing a company. How to Reason will help you find a way in life that is clearer and not buffetted by the winds of nonsense and fear. ******* In Reasoning in the Sciences, you'll learn how to use your reasoning skills to understand how scientists make definitions, what an experiment is, what can go wrong with an experiment, how scientists reason with models and theories, what counts as a good explanation in science, and how to distinguish science from magic, religion, and fraud. No background in science is needed, just a healthy appetitite for learning.

The Reason

Author : Lacey Sturm
Publisher : Baker Books
ISBN 13 : 1441246525
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (412 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reason by : Lacey Sturm

Download or read book The Reason written by Lacey Sturm and published by Baker Books. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The day Lacey Sturm planned to kill herself was the day her grandmother forced her to go to church, a place Lacey thought was filled with hypocrites, fakers, and simpletons. The screaming match she had with her grandmother was the reason she went to church. What she found there was the Reason she is alive today. With raw vulnerability, this hard rock princess tells her own story of physical abuse, drug use, suicide attempts, and more--and her ultimate salvation. She asks the hard questions so many young people are asking--Why am I here? Why am I empty? Why should I go on living?--showing readers that beyond the temporary highs and the soul-crushing lows there is a reason they exist and a purpose for their lives. She not only gives readers a peek down the rocky path that led her to become a vocalist in a popular hardcore band, but she shows them that the same God is guiding their steps today.

Chance, Love, and Logic

Author : Charles Sanders Peirce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance, Love, and Logic by : Charles Sanders Peirce

Download or read book Chance, Love, and Logic written by Charles Sanders Peirce and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thinking 101

Author : Woo-kyoung Ahn
Publisher : Flatiron Books
ISBN 13 : 1250805961
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking 101 by : Woo-kyoung Ahn

Download or read book Thinking 101 written by Woo-kyoung Ahn and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2022-09-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An INVALUABLE RESOURCE to anyone who wants to think better.” —Gretchen Rubin Award-winning YALE PROFESSOR Woo-kyoung Ahn delivers “A MUST-READ—a smart and compellingly readable guide to cutting-edge research into how people think.” (Paul Bloom) “A FUN exploration.” —Dax Shepard Psychologist Woo-kyoung Ahn devised a course at Yale called “Thinking” to help students examine the biases that cause so many problems in their daily lives. It quickly became one of the university’s most popular courses. Now, for the first time, Ahn presents key insights from her years of teaching and research in a book for everyone. She shows how “thinking problems” stand behind a wide range of challenges, from common, self-inflicted daily aggravations to our most pressing societal issues and inequities. Throughout, Ahn draws on decades of research from other cognitive psychologists, as well as from her own groundbreaking studies. And she presents it all in a compellingly readable style that uses fun examples from pop culture, anecdotes from her own life, and illuminating stories from history and the headlines. Thinking 101 is a book that goes far beyond other books on thinking, showing how we can improve not just our own daily lives through better awareness of our biases but also the lives of everyone around us. It is, quite simply, required reading for everyone who wants to think—and live—better.

The Threat to Reason

Author : Dan Hind
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1789603994
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis The Threat to Reason by : Dan Hind

Download or read book The Threat to Reason written by Dan Hind and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, media commentators, intellectuals and politicians declare that western science and rationality are threatened by irrational enemies. Evangelicals, postmodernists, and Islamists are on the march, they say. The Rome that science built is under siege. But there's a problem with these stirring attempts to defend the truth. They aren't true. In this urgent new book, Dan Hind confronts the great machinery of deception in which we live, and which now threatens to destroy our civilization. In particular, he takes to task a group of prominent intellectuals who have exaggerated the threat posed by the so-called forces of unreason-religion, postmodernism and other "mumbo-jumbo." The commentators, says Hind, distract us from much more pressing threats to an open democratic society based on freedom of speech and inquiry. This book shows that the real threats to reason aren't wacky or foreign or stupid; they reside in our state and corporate bureaucracies - and, one way or another, they probably pay your salary. In recovering the idea of Enlightenment, Hind explores its vital importance and reveals how it can help us to achieve a truly democratic politics, in which we have a genuine say in the decisions that are taken on our behalf.

How We Know What Isn't So

Author : Thomas Gilovich
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439106746
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis How We Know What Isn't So by : Thomas Gilovich

Download or read book How We Know What Isn't So written by Thomas Gilovich and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas Gilovich offers a wise and readable guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life. When can we trust what we believe—that "teams and players have winning streaks," that "flattery works," or that "the more people who agree, the more likely they are to be right"—and when are such beliefs suspect? Thomas Gilovich offers a guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life. Illustrating his points with examples, and supporting them with the latest research findings, he documents the cognitive, social, and motivational processes that distort our thoughts, beliefs, judgments and decisions. In a rapidly changing world, the biases and stereotypes that help us process an overload of complex information inevitably distort what we would like to believe is reality. Awareness of our propensity to make these systematic errors, Gilovich argues, is the first step to more effective analysis and action.

How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind

Author : Paul Erickson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022604677X
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind by : Paul Erickson

Download or read book How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind written by Paul Erickson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States at the height of the Cold War, roughly between the end of World War II and the early 1980s, a new project of redefining rationality commanded the attention of sharp minds, powerful politicians, wealthy foundations, and top military brass. Its home was the human sciences—psychology, sociology, political science, and economics, among others—and its participants enlisted in an intellectual campaign to figure out what rationality should mean and how it could be deployed. How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind brings to life the people—Herbert Simon, Oskar Morgenstern, Herman Kahn, Anatol Rapoport, Thomas Schelling, and many others—and places, including the RAND Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the Cowles Commission for Research and Economics, and the Council on Foreign Relations, that played a key role in putting forth a “Cold War rationality.” Decision makers harnessed this picture of rationality—optimizing, formal, algorithmic, and mechanical—in their quest to understand phenomena as diverse as economic transactions, biological evolution, political elections, international relations, and military strategy. The authors chronicle and illuminate what it meant to be rational in the age of nuclear brinkmanship.

Reclaiming Virtue

Author : John Bradshaw
Publisher : Bantam
ISBN 13 : 0553095927
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Reclaiming Virtue by : John Bradshaw

Download or read book Reclaiming Virtue written by John Bradshaw and published by Bantam. This book was released on 2009 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best-selling author of Creating Love sets out to redefine what it means to live a moral life in today's world by helping readers reclaim and cultivate their inborn moral intelligence by developing one's instincts for goodness in childhood and nurturing them through one's adult life to promote good character and moral responsibility.

How to Talk to a Science Denier

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262366711
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Talk to a Science Denier by : Lee McIntyre

Download or read book How to Talk to a Science Denier written by Lee McIntyre and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we change the minds of science deniers? Encounters with flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, coronavirus truthers, and others. "Climate change is a hoax--and so is coronavirus." "Vaccines are bad for you." These days, many of our fellow citizens reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. They are not merely uninformed--they are misinformed. They cite cherry-picked evidence, rely on fake experts, and believe conspiracy theories. How can we convince such people otherwise? How can we get them to change their minds and accept the facts when they don't believe in facts? In this book, Lee McIntyre shows that anyone can fight back against science deniers, and argues that it's important to do so. Science denial can kill. Drawing on his own experience--including a visit to a Flat Earth convention--as well as academic research, McIntyre outlines the common themes of science denialism, present in misinformation campaigns ranging from tobacco companies' denial in the 1950s that smoking causes lung cancer to today's anti-vaxxers. He describes attempts to use his persuasive powers as a philosopher to convert Flat Earthers; surprising discussions with coal miners; and conversations with a scientist friend about genetically modified organisms in food. McIntyre offers tools and techniques for communicating the truth and values of science, emphasizing that the most important way to reach science deniers is to talk to them calmly and respectfully--to put ourselves out there, and meet them face to face.

The Assault on Reason

Author : Al Gore
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 0747593345
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (475 download)

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Book Synopsis The Assault on Reason by : Al Gore

Download or read book The Assault on Reason written by Al Gore and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful indictment of the Bush-led radical Right's disdain for the principles of reasoned decision-making, and a rallying cry for a return to reason-based policies at home and abroad.

Logically Fallacious

Author : Bo Bennett
Publisher : eBookIt.com
ISBN 13 : 1456607375
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (566 download)

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Book Synopsis Logically Fallacious by : Bo Bennett

Download or read book Logically Fallacious written by Bo Bennett and published by eBookIt.com. This book was released on 2012-02-19 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. "Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime." - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples.