How to Become a Modern Viking

Download How to Become a Modern Viking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530623716
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How to Become a Modern Viking by : Liam Gooding

Download or read book How to Become a Modern Viking written by Liam Gooding and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, you will learn how to build the mindset and body of a Viking warrior and how to apply your increased masculinity in the modern world.

Modern Viking

Download Modern Viking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789128242
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (891 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Viking by : Norman Percy Grubb

Download or read book Modern Viking written by Norman Percy Grubb and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fascinating story of the International Christian Leadership Movement and its founder, Dr. Abraham Vereide. I.C.L. is known around the world especially for its sponsorship of the annual Presidential Breakfasts in Washington, D.C., and this book contains many interesting sidelights on these famous events and personalities. Political leaders in Washington are warm in their praise of Dr. Vereide and his work: Congressman Charles E. Bennett says, “Abraham Vereide originally envisioned this Group—the House Breakfast Group which meets every Thursday morning for prayer, discussion and Christian fellowship—the most significant thing I know on Capitol Hill. I consider him to be one of America’s greatest citizen-leaders and one of our Master’s greatest tools for good.” “Reading the life story of Abraham Vereide is like boarding a fast-moving train,” writes the reviewer in Faith at Work magazine, “for here is a man who has been hurtling through life since childhood and now, in his mid-seventies, is still going strong. Though Vereide is Norwegian by birth, it is difficult to think of him except as the American pioneer, and the various stages and episodes in his life epitomize the best of the forces that shaped this nation. “The story of the development of International Christian Leadership is only slightly less interesting than the story of Vereide himself. And the names that dot the pages!—presidents of the United States, kings and queens, French diplomats, members of Parliament, African and Indian leaders, millionaires, governors, and great Christians of all kinds: Graham, Sunday, Peter Marshall, Schweitzer, Shoemaker, Bob Pierce, Peale. No less interesting are the anonymous men and women whose stories gleam through the swift-paced narrative: the mining camp rowdies, alcoholics, taxi-drivers, churchmen. All in all, this volume is a significant achievement.”

Make Mead Like a Viking

Download Make Mead Like a Viking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1603585990
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Make Mead Like a Viking by : Jereme Zimmerman

Download or read book Make Mead Like a Viking written by Jereme Zimmerman and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to using the best ingredients and minimal equipment to create fun and flavorful brews Ancient societies brewed flavorful and healing meads, ales, and wines for millennia using only intuition, storytelling, and knowledge passed down through generations—no fancy, expensive equipment or degrees in chemistry needed. In Make Mead Like a Viking, homesteader, fermentation enthusiast, and self-described “Appalachian Yeti Viking” Jereme Zimmerman summons the bryggjemann of the ancient Norse to demonstrate how homebrewing mead—arguably the world’s oldest fermented alcoholic beverage—can be not only uncomplicated but fun. Armed with wild-yeast-bearing totem sticks, readers will learn techniques for brewing sweet, semi-sweet, and dry meads, melomels (fruit meads), metheglins (spiced meads), Ethiopian t’ej, flower and herbal meads, braggots, honey beers, country wines, and even Viking grog, opening the Mead Hall doors to further experimentation in fermentation and flavor. In addition, aspiring Vikings will explore: • The importance of local and unpasteurized honey for both flavor and health benefits; • Why modern homebrewing practices, materials, and chemicals work but aren’t necessary; • How to grow and harvest herbs and collect wild botanicals for use in healing, nutritious, and magical meads, beers, and wines; • Hops’ recent monopoly as a primary brewing ingredient and how to use botanicals other than hops for flavoring and preserving mead, ancient ales, and gruits; • The rituals, mysticism, and communion with nature that were integral components of ancient brewing and can be for modern homebrewers, as well; • Recommendations for starting a mead circle to share your wild meads with other brewers as part of the growing mead-movement subculture; and more! Whether you’ve been intimidated by modern homebrewing’s cost or seeming complexity in the past—and its focus on the use of unnatural chemicals—or are boldly looking to expand your current brewing and fermentation practices, Zimmerman’s welcoming style and spirit will usher you into exciting new territory. Grounded in history and mythology, but—like Odin’s ever-seeking eye—focusing continually on the future of self-sufficient food culture, Make Mead Like a Viking is a practical and entertaining guide for the ages.

Being Viking

Download Being Viking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Equinox Publishing (UK)
ISBN 13 : 9781781792223
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (922 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Being Viking by : Jefferson F. Calico

Download or read book Being Viking written by Jefferson F. Calico and published by Equinox Publishing (UK). This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being Viking provides a rigorous ethnographic account of the Asatru religion in America, also known as Heathenry or Heathenism. Arising from five years of original ethnographic fieldwork among American Asatru adherents, the book expands our understanding of this religious movement as part of the American religious context.

The Viking Heart

Download The Viking Heart PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mariner Books
ISBN 13 : 1328595900
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (285 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Viking Heart by : Arthur Herman

Download or read book The Viking Heart written by Arthur Herman and published by Mariner Books. This book was released on 2021 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a New York Times best-selling historian and Pulitzer Prize finalist, a sweeping epic of how the Vikings and their descendants have shaped history and America

The Last Berserker

Download The Last Berserker PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Canelo
ISBN 13 : 1800321864
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Last Berserker by : Angus Donald

Download or read book The Last Berserker written by Angus Donald and published by Canelo. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Donald is a writer not only at the top of his game, but of the game’ Giles Kristian, author of the Raven series ‘Donald delivers a masterclass’ Theodore Brun, author of A Burning Sea 'A gory, gleeful treat' The Times The greatest warriors are forged in the flamesTwo pagan fighters 771AD, Northern Europe. Bjarki Bloodhand and Tor Hildarsdottir are journeying south into Saxony. Their destination is the Irminsul, the One Tree that links the Nine Worlds of the Middle-Realm. In this most holy place, they hope to learn how to summon their animal spirits so they can enter the ranks of the legendary berserkir: the elite frenzied fighters of the North. One Christian king Karolus, newly crowned King of the Franks, has a thorn in his side: the warlike Saxon tribes on his northern borders who shun the teachings of the Church, blasphemously continuing to worship their pagan gods. An epic battle for the soul of the North The West’s greatest warlord vows to stamp out his neighbours’ superstitions and bring the light of the True Faith to the Northmen – at the point of a sword. It will fall to Bjarki, Tor and the men and women of Saxony to resist him in a struggle for the fate of all Europe. Praise for The Last Berserker ‘Donald has taken the legendary berserkers, those frothing-at-the-mouth shield-biters, and made them human, which once again proves that Donald is a writer not only at the top of his game, but of the game ... It is a wonderful, rich and violent brew. I welcome Angus Donald to the shield wall of Viking fiction like a thirsty man welcomes a mead-brother to the feast ... A tale worthy of the skalds’ Giles Kristian, author of the Raven series ‘With The Last Berserker, Donald has given us the first cut of some serious Dark Age beef. By turns heart-racing, intriguing, and touching, this is not a book for the faint-hearted – I can’t wait for more’ Theodore Brun, author of A Burning Sea ‘The Last Berserker strikes with the thundering power of Thor's hammer... rich with the earthy depth, historical detail, intrigue, violence and adventure that we expect from Donald. But it is Bjarki and Tor that make The Last Berserker stand out... Donald's masterful creations will live on in the imagination long after the final page’ Matthew Harffy, author of the Bernicia Chronicles 'A wonderful, blood-soaked tale of redemption and revenge, set amidst the eighth century clash of civilisations between Pagan Vikings and Christian Franks, by a master of the genre’ Saul David, author of Zulu Hart 'Loved this tale of a berserker facing up against the tidal wave of Charlemagne’s expansion. Great characters, brilliantly paced and explosive, gritty battle-scenes. Highly recommended' John Gwynne, author of Malice ‘Well researched detail and stunning battle scenes make The Last Berserker a white knuckle ride. A thrilling, up-all-night read’ C. R. May, author of The Day of the Wolf 'I loved it. Bjarki and Tor are great characters, instantly relatable. The depth of the immersion in their world and their values gives the book authenticity and weight' Cecelia Holland, author of The Soul Thief

Viking Warrior

Download Viking Warrior PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Judson Roberts
ISBN 13 : 0578076438
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Viking Warrior by : Judson Roberts

Download or read book Viking Warrior written by Judson Roberts and published by Judson Roberts. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He's the son of a chieftain and a princess--yet Halfdan was born a slave. Now he is becoming a man and it is time for him to meet his destiny. Though raised a slave who could only dream of freedom, young Halfdan's fate may be about to change. If freed, he may train as a Viking warrior, and come to know the glories of true brotherhood and the horrors of unspeakable evil. In the world of Vikings, a warrior's destiny is forged in the heat of battle. If the fates decree it, Hafdan may emerge as a new hero . . . a new myth . . . and perhaps a new legend.

Old Norse for Modern Times

Download Old Norse for Modern Times PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vikingverse
ISBN 13 : 9781947659865
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (598 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Old Norse for Modern Times by : Ian Stuart Sharpe

Download or read book Old Norse for Modern Times written by Ian Stuart Sharpe and published by Vikingverse. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Never be lost for words again...with this book of lost words.Have you ever wanted to wield the silver tongue of Loki - or to hammer home your point like a Thundergod?Old Norse is the language of legends and the stuff of sagas, the inspiration for Tolkien and Marvel, for award-winning manga and epic videogames. It is the language of cleverly crafted kennings, blood-curdling curses and pithy retorts to Ragnarök.Old Norse for Modern Times gives you the perfect phrase for every contemporary situation - from memorable movie quotes ("We're going to need a bigger boat." Þurfa munu vér skip stærra) to battle-cries to yell on Discord ("Do I look to be in a gaming mood?" Sýnisk Þér ek vera í skapi til leika?), from mead hall musings ("This drink, I like it! ANOTHER!" Líkar mér drykkr Þessi! ANNAN!) to tried-and-tested pickup lines ("Nice tattoo!"? Fagrt er húðflúrið"). With over 500 phrases inside (plus the chance to add your own!) it is the perfect guide for Vikings fans, whether they are re-enactors, role-players, or simply in love with Ragnar.

A Brief History of the Vikings

Download A Brief History of the Vikings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Robinson
ISBN 13 : 1472107756
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (721 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Brief History of the Vikings by : Jonathan Clements

Download or read book A Brief History of the Vikings written by Jonathan Clements and published by Robinson. This book was released on 2013-02-07 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'From the Fury of the Northmen deliver us, O Lord.' Between the eighth and eleventh centuries, the Vikings surged from their Scandinavian homeland to trade, raid and invade along the coasts of Europe. Their influence and expeditions extended from Newfoundland to Baghdad, their battles were as far-flung as Africa and the Arctic. But were they great seafarers or desperate outcasts, noble heathens or oafish pirates, the last pagans or the first of the modern Europeans? This concise study puts medieval chronicles, Norse sagas and Muslim accounts alongside more recent research into ritual magic, genetic profiling and climatology. It includes biographical sketches of some of the most famous Vikings, from Erik Bloodaxe to Saint Olaf, and King Canute to Leif the Lucky. It explains why the Danish king Harald Bluetooth lent his name to a twenty-first century wireless technology; which future saint laughed as she buried foreign ambassadors alive; why so many Icelandic settlers had Irish names; and how the last Viking colony was destroyed by English raiders. Extending beyond the traditional 'Viking age' of most books, A Brief History of the Vikings places sudden Scandinavian population movement in a wider historical context. It presents a balanced appraisal of these infamous sea kings, explaining both their swift expansion and its supposed halt. Supposed because, ultimately, the Vikings didn't disappear: they turned into us.

The Viking Hondbók

Download The Viking Hondbók PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Running Press Adult
ISBN 13 : 0762495871
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (624 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Viking Hondbók by : Kjersti Egerdahl

Download or read book The Viking Hondbók written by Kjersti Egerdahl and published by Running Press Adult. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn what it was like to live as a Norseman in this fun and fascinating look at Vikings and the Viking Age. Vikings, those ancient Norse seafarers, have inspired plenty of pop culture phenomena, from the A&E hit show Vikings to Thor: Ragnarök, to the ever-expanding world of Viking LARP. Known for being skilled craftspeople, accomplished merchants, hardworking farmers, and masters of the sea, the Vikings were a complex and captivating people. Inspired by the legendary legacy of the Vikings, author Kjersti Egerdahl presents a compelling and entertaining guide exploring who the Vikings were and how they lived, from ancient Norse daily life to battles and adventuring. You'll learn how Vikings ate, dressed, and fought, and even how they weaved the perfect beard braid and built warships and weapons. Interspersed throughout is revealing historical anecdotes about Viking conquests, famous warriors, mythology and afterlife, and much more.

Viking Legacy

Download Viking Legacy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Saga Bok
ISBN 13 : 8291640947
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Viking Legacy by : Torgrim Titlestad

Download or read book Viking Legacy written by Torgrim Titlestad and published by Saga Bok. This book was released on 2018-05-26 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than marauders and bloodthirsty conquerors, the Vikings were builders of a civilization which influence may still be seen in the modern world. The Viking Age is arguably one of the most fascinating epochs in history, and in this book, a new narrative is presented based on Viking history as it is told in the Norse Sagas. Viking Legacy represents a new generation of books exploring the Viking Age. By integrating the Saga literature with other sources, a more complete picture emerges of this increasingly popular era, and a civilization that would change the course of history. Torgrim Titlestad, professor, dr.philos. is one of Norway’s foremost experts and most prolific authors on the Viking Age and Saga history. He is the recipient of the Saga Award (2016) and was appointed Knight of the Order of the Falcon (2017) by Iceland’s President, Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, for his work with the Norse sagas, especially Tormod Torfæus’ Magnum Opus Historia Rerum Norvegicarum and the Icelandic saga treasure Flateyjarbók.

The Far Traveler

Download The Far Traveler PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 9780156033978
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (339 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Far Traveler by : Nancy Marie Brown

Download or read book The Far Traveler written by Nancy Marie Brown and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 2008 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Brown's enthusiasm is infectious as she re-teaches us our history."--The Boston Globe Five hundred years before Columbus, a Viking woman named Gudrid sailed off the edge of the known world. She landed in the New World and lived there for three years, giving birth to a baby before sailing home. Or so the Icelandic sagas say. Even after archaeologists found a Viking longhouse in Newfoundland, no one believed that the details of Gudrid's story were true. Then, in 2001, a team of scientists discovered what may have been this pioneering woman's last house, buried under a hay field in Iceland, just where the sagas suggested it could be. Joining scientists experimenting with cutting-edge technology and the latest archaeological techniques, and tracing Gudrid's steps on land and in the sagas, Nancy Marie Brown reconstructs a life that spanned--and expanded--the bounds of the then-known world. She also sheds new light on the society that gave rise to a woman even more extraordinary than legend has painted her and illuminates the reasons for its collapse. "Brown rightly leaves scholarly work to scholars. Instead, her account presents an enthusiastic appreciation of her education in how fieldwork and literature offer insights into the past."--The Seattle Times "[Brown has] a lovely ear for storytelling."--Los Angeles Times Book Review NANCY MARIE BROWN is the author of A Good Horse Has No Color and Mendel in the Kitchen. She lives in Vermont with her husband, the writer Charles Fergus.

The Myths and Realities of the Viking Berserkr

Download The Myths and Realities of the Viking Berserkr PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429650361
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Myths and Realities of the Viking Berserkr by : Roderick Dale

Download or read book The Myths and Realities of the Viking Berserkr written by Roderick Dale and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The viking berserkr is an iconic warrior normally associated with violent fits of temper and the notorious berserksgangr or berserker frenzy. This book challenges the orthodox view that these men went ‘berserk’ in the modern English sense of the word. It examines all the evidence for medieval perceptions of berserkir and builds a model of how the medieval audience would have viewed them. Then, it extrapolates a Viking Age model of berserkir from this model, and supports the analysis with anthropological and archaeological evidence, to create a new and more accurate paradigm of the Viking Age berserkr and his place in society. This shows that berserkir were the champions of lords and kings, members of the social elite, and that much of what is believed about them is based on 17th-century and later scholarship and mythologizing: the medieval audience would have had a very different understanding of the Old Norse berserkr from that which people have now. The book sets out a challenge to rethink and reframe our perceptions of the past in a way that is less influenced by our own modern ideas. The Myths and Realities of the Viking berserkr will appeal to researchers and students alike studying the Viking Age, Medieval History and Old Norse Literature.

Dark Viking

Download Dark Viking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Sandra Hill Books
ISBN 13 : 1941528805
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (415 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dark Viking by : Sandra Hill

Download or read book Dark Viking written by Sandra Hill and published by Sandra Hill Books. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rita, a former stunt woman, can’t believe she signed up to be a female Navy SEAL. She needed the signup money to pay her mother’s medical bills. Steven, a fierce Viking warrior, is depressed over the “death” of his brother Thorfinn. Yep, even Vikings get the blues. Rita can’t believe she’s been tossed back in time to the tenth century wearing a head-to-toe wetsuit and flippers with her face cammied up. Steven can’t believe the gods have sent him a fish woman to ease his woes. Not a beautiful mermaid, but an ugly-as-death fish. How dare the brute put her in a cage! How dare the wench teach his people line dancing! Love and laughter guaranteed in this trip down Memory Lane...uh Fjord.

The Age of the Vikings

Download The Age of the Vikings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400851904
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Age of the Vikings by : Anders Winroth

Download or read book The Age of the Vikings written by Anders Winroth and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-07 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major reassessment of the vikings and their legacy The Vikings maintain their grip on our imagination, but their image is too often distorted by myth. It is true that they pillaged, looted, and enslaved. But they also settled peacefully and traveled far from their homelands in swift and sturdy ships to explore. The Age of the Vikings tells the full story of this exciting period in history. Drawing on a wealth of written, visual, and archaeological evidence, Anders Winroth captures the innovation and pure daring of the Vikings without glossing over their destructive heritage. He not only explains the Viking attacks, but also looks at Viking endeavors in commerce, politics, discovery, and colonization, and reveals how Viking arts, literature, and religious thought evolved in ways unequaled in the rest of Europe. The Age of the Vikings sheds new light on the complex society, culture, and legacy of these legendary seafarers.

So You Want to be a Viking

Download So You Want to be a Viking PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 0500651841
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis So You Want to be a Viking by : John Haywood

Download or read book So You Want to be a Viking written by John Haywood and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide for wannabe Vikings—and fair warning for those courageous, or crazy, enough to pledge allegiance to the cause. Kate, Eddie, and Angus are dazzled by pictures of Viking warriors’ deadly axes and blingy swords in their library books. But when they’re transported back in time to Scandinavia in 991 CE, they must figure out if they have what it takes to become Vikings themselves. A big, burly Viking called Bjorn initiates the kids in the ways of wielding a battle ax, plundering and looting, and soon they learn all sorts of other tricks as well, including how to get shipshape and navigate the seven seas with just a stone, how to recite rude poems, and how to scare enemies into submission before a battle even begins. Hervor, the haunted shield-maiden, is also on hand to share her tips on how to take off with a handsome ransom and how to make it into Valhalla in the afterlife. So You Want to Be a Viking features the field’s latest scholarship and is illustrated throughout with zany illustrations by Japanese cartoonist Takayo Akiyama. Any kid who’s ever daydreamed about being a fierce Norse warrior will love this interactive guide.

Viking Friendship

Download Viking Friendship PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501708473
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Viking Friendship by : Jon Vidar Sigurdsson

Download or read book Viking Friendship written by Jon Vidar Sigurdsson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To a faithful friend, straight are the roads and short."—Odin, from the Hávamál (c. 1000) Friendship was the most important social bond in Iceland and Norway during the Viking Age and the early Middle Ages. Far more significantly than kinship ties, it defined relations between chieftains, and between chieftains and householders. In Viking Friendship, Jón Viðar Sigurðsson explores the various ways in which friendship tied Icelandic and Norwegian societies together, its role in power struggles and ending conflicts, and how it shaped religious beliefs and practices both before and after the introduction of Christianity. Drawing on a wide range of Icelandic sagas and other sources, Sigurðsson details how loyalties between friends were established and maintained. The key elements of Viking friendship, he shows, were protection and generosity, which was most often expressed through gift giving and feasting. In a society without institutions that could guarantee support and security, these were crucial means of structuring mutual assistance. As a political force, friendship was essential in the decentralized Free State period in Iceland’s history (from its settlement about 800 until it came under Norwegian control in the years 1262–1264) as local chieftains vied for power and peace. In Norway, where authority was more centralized, kings attempted to use friendship to secure the loyalty of their subjects. The strong reciprocal demands of Viking friendship also informed the relationship that individuals had both with the Old Norse gods and, after 1000, with Christianity’s God and saints. Addressing such other aspects as the possibility of friendship between women and the relationship between friendship and kinship, Sigurðsson concludes by tracing the decline of friendship as the fundamental social bond in Iceland as a consequence of Norwegian rule.