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How Global Warming Ice Ages Begin End
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Book Synopsis How Global Warming & Ice Ages Begin & End by : George Sourlis
Download or read book How Global Warming & Ice Ages Begin & End written by George Sourlis and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2009-03 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first 6 chapters deal with standard GW topics. In Chapter 1 I define "our environment". Chapter 2 quantifies world energy use in the 20th and 21st centuries. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 relate to energy required in heating the Earth's atmosphere, water, and to melt all the planet's ice, respectively. Chapter 6 covers sea level rise as ice melts.(Final level and time to reach it) Chapter 7 diverges from ordinary GW topics. There I estimate the energy stored in the Earth's 2 metal cores, 1 solid and 1 liquid. Furthermore, in the lower mantel is stored more than in the 2 metal cores, and in the upper mantel there is a similar amount. This means that more than 2/3 of the internal heat is stored in the mantels. Its thermal interaction with the surface is very significant. In Chapters 8, 9, and 10 I present a different theory of global warming incorporating Earth's interior energy. In Chapter 8 there is a 400,000-year graph showing climate history as it pertains to CO2 (carbon dioxide) concentration and temperature. The new theory is strongly supported by the close connection between the two, especially during GW. Chapter 9 shows a massive increase in worldwide flooding over the last 22 years. Chapter 10 discusses more aspects of the graphs presented in chapter 7. It connects flood data of Chapter 9 with the new theory. Chapter 11 compares climatic numbers with very large numbers in common use. Chapter 12 addresses climate control. Chapter 13 covers some odds and ends not yet discussed, but that may be among people's concerns. Some very different ways of looking at GW concepts are stated. Chapter 14 is the conclusion, which briefly summarizes the new theory. It offers a solution to reduce greatly or stop our contribution to global warming.
Book Synopsis Ice Ages and Interglacials by : Donald Rapp
Download or read book Ice Ages and Interglacials written by Donald Rapp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the history and gives an analysis of extreme climate change on Earth. In order to provide a long-term perspective, the first chapter briefly reviews some of the wild gyrations that occurred in the Earth’s climate hundreds of millions of years ago: snowball Earth and hothouse Earth. Coming closer to modern times, the effects of continental drift, particularly the closing of the Isthmus of Panama are believed to have contributed to the advent of ice ages in the past three million years. This first chapter sets the stage for a discussion of ice ages in the geological recent past (i.e. within the last three million years, with an emphasis on the last few hundred thousand years). The second chapter discusses geological evidence for ice ages – how geologists surmised their existence prior to actual subsurface data that proved the theory. The following two chapters look at ice cores (primarily from Greenland and Antarctica). Chapter 3 discusses how ice core data is processed and Chapter 4 summarizes data obtained from ice cores. Chapter 5 discusses the processing of data obtained from ocean sediments, and summarizes the results, while the following chapter discusses data from other sources, such as "Devil’s Cave." Chapter 7 summarizes the experimental results from Chapters 4, 5, and 6. It provides the foundation for comparison with theories in later chapters. In a perfect world, this data would be totally separate and disconnected from theory. Unfortunately, as the author shows, dating of much of the data was accomplished by "tuning" to the astronomical theory, which introduces circular reasoning. Chapter 8 provides a brief overview of the various theories that have been devised to "explain" the patterns of alternating ice ages and interglacials that have occurred over the past three million years. This serves as an introduction to the following three chapters which presents the astronomical theory in its various manifestations, compare the astronomical theory with data, and then compare other theories with data. Finally, Chapter 12 summarizes what we think we know about ice ages and, more importantly, what we don’t know.
Download or read book The Little Ice Age written by Brian Fagan and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only in the last decade have climatologists developed an accurate picture of yearly climate conditions in historical times. This development confirmed a long-standing suspicion: that the world endured a 500-year cold snap -- The Little Ice Age -- that lasted roughly from A.D. 1300 until 1850. The Little Ice Age tells the story of the turbulent, unpredictable and often very cold years of modern European history, how climate altered historical events, and what they mean in the context of today's global warming. With its basis in cutting-edge science, The Little Ice Age offers a new perspective on familiar events. Renowned archaeologist Brian Fagan shows how the increasing cold affected Norse exploration; how changing sea temperatures caused English and Basque fishermen to follow vast shoals of cod all the way to the New World; how a generations-long subsistence crisis in France contributed to social disintegration and ultimately revolution; and how English efforts to improve farm productivity in the face of a deteriorating climate helped pave the way for the Industrial Revolution and hence for global warming. This is a fascinating, original book for anyone interested in history, climate, or the new subject of how they interact.
Download or read book Ice Age written by John Gribbin and published by Allan Lane. This book was released on 2001 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "John and Mary Gribbin tell the remarkable story of how we came to understand the phenomenon of Ice Ages, focusing on the key personalities obsessed with the search for answers. How frequently do Ice Ages occur? How do astronomical rhythms affect the Earth's climate? Have there always been two polar ice caps? Is it true that tiny changes in the heat balance of the Earth could plunge us back into full Ice Age conditions? With startling new material on how the last major Ice Epoch could have hastened human evolution, Ice Age explains why the Earth was once covered in ice - and how that made us human."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Global Warming Cycles by : Julie Kerr Casper
Download or read book Global Warming Cycles written by Julie Kerr Casper and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the mechanisms that caused past climate changes, putting the Earth repeatedly into and out of ice ages.
Book Synopsis Canon of Insolation and the Ice-age Problem by : Milutin Milanković
Download or read book Canon of Insolation and the Ice-age Problem written by Milutin Milanković and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book After the Ice Age written by E.C. Pielou and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating story of how a harsh terrain that resembled modern Antarctica has been transformed gradually into the forests, grasslands, and wetlands we know today.
Book Synopsis Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes by : Richard A. Muller
Download or read book Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes written by Richard A. Muller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-26 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is not possible to understand the present or future climate unless scientists can account for the enormous and rapid cycles of glaciation that have taken place over the last million years, and which are expected to continue into the future. A great deal has happened in the theory of the ice ages over the last decade, and it is now widley accepted that ice ages are driven by changes in the Earth's orbit. The study of ice ages is very inter-disciplinary, covering geology, physics, glaciology, oceanography, atmospheric science, planetary orbit calculations astrophysics and statistics.
Book Synopsis The Great Ice Age by : R. C. L. Wilson
Download or read book The Great Ice Age written by R. C. L. Wilson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.
Book Synopsis The Complete Ice Age by : Brian Fagan
Download or read book The Complete Ice Age written by Brian Fagan and published by Thames and Hudson. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Complete Ice Age" covers a critical period in Earth's--and humanity's--history, from two million years ago to the present day. The authors explain how new scientific findings are revealing the adaptability and evolution of the human species. Illustrated.
Book Synopsis The Discovery of Global Warming by : Spencer R. Weart
Download or read book The Discovery of Global Warming written by Spencer R. Weart and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001 a panel representing virtually all the world's governments and climate scientists announced that they had reached a consensus: the world was warming at a rate without precedent during at least the last ten millennia, and that warming was caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases from human activity. The consensus itself was at least a century in the making. The story of how scientists reached their conclusion--by way of unexpected twists and turns and in the face of formidable intellectual, financial, and political obstacles--is told for the first time in The Discovery of Global Warming. Spencer R. Weart lucidly explains the emerging science, introduces us to the major players, and shows us how the Earth's irreducibly complicated climate system was mirrored by the global scientific community that studied it. Unlike familiar tales of Science Triumphant, this book portrays scientists working on bits and pieces of a topic so complex that they could never achieve full certainty--yet so important to human survival that provisional answers were essential. Weart unsparingly depicts the conflicts and mistakes, and how they sometimes led to fruitful results. His book reminds us that scientists do not work in isolation, but interact in crucial ways with the political system and with the general public. The book not only reveals the history of global warming, but also analyzes the nature of modern scientific work as it confronts the most difficult questions about the Earth's future. Table of Contents: Preface 1. How Could Climate Change? 2. Discovering a Possibility 3. A Delicate System 4. A Visible Threat 5. Public Warnings 6. The Erratic Beast 7. Breaking into Politics 8. The Discovery Confirmed Reflections Milestones Notes Further Reading Index Reviews of this book: A soberly written synthesis of science and politics. --Gilbert Taylor, Booklist Reviews of this book: Charting the evolution and confirmation of the theory [of global warming], Spencer R. Weart, director of the Center for the History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics, dissects the interwoven threads of research and reveals the political and societal subtexts that colored scientists' views and the public reception their work received. --Andrew C. Revkin, New York Times Book Review Reviews of this book: It took a century for scientists to agree that gases produced by human activity were causing the world to warm up. Now, in an engaging book that reads like a detective story, physicist Weart reports the history of global warming theory, including the internal conflicts plaguing the research community and the role government has had in promoting climate studies. --Publishers Weekly Reviews of this book: It is almost two centuries since the French mathematician Jean Baptiste Fourier discovered that the Earth was far warmer than it had any right to be, given its distance from the Sun...Spencer Weart's book about how Fourier's initially inconsequential discovery finally triggered urgent debate about the future habitability of the Earth is lucid, painstaking and commendably brief, packing everything into 200 pages. --Fred Pearce, The Independent Reviews of this book: [The Discovery of Global Warming] is a well-written, well-researched and well-balanced account of the issues involved...This is not a sermon for the faithful, or verses from Revelation for the evangelicals, but a serious summary for those who like reasoned argument. Read it--and be converted. --John Emsley, Times Literary Supplement Reviews of this book: This is a terrific book...Perhaps the finest compliment I could give this book is to report that I intend to use it instead of my own book...for my climate class. The Discovery of Global Warming is more up-to-date, better balanced historically, beautifully written and, not least important, short and to the point. I think the [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] needs to enlist a few good historians like Weart for its next assessment. --Stephen H. Schneider, Nature Reviews of this book: This short, well-written book by a science historian at the American Institute of Physics adds a serious voice to the overheated debate about global warming and would serve as a great starting point for anyone who wants to better understand the issue. --Maureen Christie, American Scientist Reviews of this book: I was very pleasantly surprised to find that Spencer Weart's account provides much valuable and interesting material about how the discipline developed--not just from the perspective of climate science but also within the context of the field's relation to other scientific disciplines, the media, political trends, and even 20th-century history (particularly the Cold War). In addition, Weart has done a valuable service by recording for posterity background information on some of the key discoveries and historical figures who contributed to our present understanding of the global warming problem. --Thomas J. Crowley, Science Reviews of this book: Weart has done us all a service by bringing the discovery of global warming into a short, compendious and persuasive book for a general readership. He is especially strong on the early days and the scientific background. --Crispin Tickell, Times Higher Education Supplement A Capricious Beast Ever since the days when he had trudged around fossil lake basins in Nevada for his doctoral thesis, Wally Broecker had been interested in sudden climate shifts. The reported sudden jumps of CO2 in Greenland ice cores stimulated him to put this interest into conjunction with his oceanographic interests. The result was a surprising and important calculation. The key was what Broecker later described as a "great conveyor belt'"of seawater carrying heat northward. . . . The energy carried to the neighborhood of Iceland was "staggering," Broecker realized, nearly a third as much as the Sun sheds upon the entire North Atlantic. If something were to shut down the conveyor, climate would change across much of the Northern Hemisphere' There was reason to believe a shutdown could happen swiftly. In many regions the consequences for climate would be spectacular. Broecker was foremost in taking this disagreeable news to the public. In 1987 he wrote that we had been treating the greenhouse effect as a 'cocktail hour curiosity,' but now 'we must view it as a threat to human beings and wildlife.' The climate system was a capricious beast, he said, and we were poking it with a sharp stick. I found the book enjoyable, thoughtful, and an excellent introduction to the history of what may be one of the most important subjects of the next one hundred years. --Clark Miller, University of Wisconsin The Discovery of Global Warming raises important scientific issues and topics and includes essential detail. Readers should be able to follow the discussion and emerge at the end with a good understanding of how scientists have developed a consensus on global warming, what it is, and what issues now face human society. --Thomas R. Dunlap, Texas A&M University
Download or read book The Great Ice Age written by J.A. Chapman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-21 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Great Ice Age documents and explains the natural climatic and palaeoecologic changes that have occurred during the past 2.6 million years, outlining the emergence and global impact of our species during this period. Exploring a wide range of records of climate change, the authors demonstrate the interconnectivity of the components of the Earths climate system, show how the evidence for such change is obtained, and explain some of the problems in collecting and dating proxy climate data. One of the most dramatic aspects of humanity's rise is that it coincided with the beginnings of major environmental changes and a mass extinction that has the pace, and maybe magnitude, of those in the far-off past that stemmed from climate, geological and occasionally extraterrestrial events. This book reveals that anthropogenic effects on the world are not merely modern matters but date back perhaps a million years or more.
Book Synopsis Tipping Point - the Coming Global Weather Crisis by : Michael Joseph Little
Download or read book Tipping Point - the Coming Global Weather Crisis written by Michael Joseph Little and published by Michael Joseph Little. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tipping Point the Coming Weather Crisis is an indepth examination of weather conditions over the last 400,000 years; examining the effects that volcanic eruptions, Carbon Dioxide and Methane gas had both on the environment and on the history of mankind.Only from the past can we forecast what the future may bring and four times in the last 400,000 years as soon as it has reached maximum temperature an Ice Age has rapidly started. The melting of the Arctic Ice Pack is the tipping point that throws us into another ice age. So what happens after the Arctic Ice pack melts? Does it just keep getting so hot that the earth melts down? I don't think so. We are very near the end of the current warm period that has lasted 16,000 years, the end is long overdue and only lasted this long because man learned to use fire and the resulting smog cooled the atmosphere slightly - prolonging the current warm period. Shifting to oil and hydroelectric for energy has cleared the air and is allowing global warming to accelerate. In the depths of the last Ice Age, over 8 million square miles of ice covered the continents. This changed the very geography of the Earth and many shallow seas now covered by ocean were above sea level. The then mostly dry Aegean Sea in the Eastern Mediterranean was habitable and a Garden of Eden for mankind for over 80,000 years – giving man a safe haven from both beasts and massive volcanic eruptions. This Garden of Eden was covered by ocean, 10,000 years ago.I theorize on the meteorological and oceanographic conditions that allowed glaciers to form and last for 100,000 years, plus what effect miles of ice had on continents, oceans and man. What was it like for men and animals living next to a glacier and how did we survive eruptions that destroyed the Earth's Ozone layer?Abrupt weather changes have occurred in the past, when conditions existed almost exactly like they are today. Data from Ice cores taken from glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica have shown us that transition into the next Ice Age comes very rapidly after the warm peak is reached. Granted this is rapid on a geologic timeframe. But it is also true that one day in Canada and Eurasia, the winter will bring a solid freeze and this ice will not melt for 36 million days (approximately 100,000 years).Imagine a time when Canadians and Americans are jumping the border into Mexico and they are not welcome, but they go and go armed, having nothing to lose, already leaving a home and life covered in ice, millions will lose everything. A time of ice, when war and hunger are the norm and nuclear weapons get used on every continent - more than once. I do hope that I am wrong.
Book Synopsis The Little Ice Age by : Jean M. Grove
Download or read book The Little Ice Age written by Jean M. Grove and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evidence for the Little Ice Age, the most important fluctuation in global climate in historical times, is most dramatically represented by the advance of mountain glaciers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and their retreat since about 1850. The effects on the landscape and the daily life of people have been particularly apparent in Norway and the Alps. This major book places an extensive body of material relating to Europe, in the form of documentary evidence of the history of the glaciers, their portrayal in paintings and maps, and measurements made by scientists and others, within a global perspective. It shows that the glacial history of mountain regions all over the world displays a similar pattern of climatic events. Furthermore, fluctuations on a comparable scale have occurred at intervals of a millennium or two throughout the last ten thousand years since the ice caps of North America and northwest Europe melted away. This is the first scholarly work devoted to the Little Ice Age, by an author whose research experience of the subject has been extensive. This book includes large numbers of maps, diagrams and photographs, many not published elsewhere, and very full bibliographies. It is a definitive work on the subject, and an excellent focus for the work of economic and social historians as well as glaciologists, climatologists, geographers, and specialists in mountain environment.
Book Synopsis Global Catastrophes by : Bill McGuire
Download or read book Global Catastrophes written by Bill McGuire and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Life on Earth will come to an end. It's simply a matter of when and how. From the likely consequences of climate change to the inevitable destruction of the earth in the far future, this 'Very Short Introduction' covers a range of 'end of the world scenarios', including Greenhouse Earth, another Ice Age, asteroid and coment impact, supervocanoes, and mega-tsunami. Exploring the potential catastrophes that face the planet, Bill McGuire assesses both the probability of these events and our chances of survival. This new edition brings our understanding of global disasters and risk research up-to-date, by using recent case studies from around the world, and incorporating recent research on climate change and threats from space"--Cover flap.
Book Synopsis Climate Change by : The Royal Society
Download or read book Climate Change written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.
Download or read book Frozen Earth written by J. D. Macdougall and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the causes and effects of ice ages, explains how the Pleistocene Ice Age has shaped the earth's landscape and influenced human evolution, and offers authoritative speculation and explanations of future climate changes, their causes, and their impact on both the natural world and human civilization.
