How Are Low Skilled Women Doing In The Labor Market

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How Are Low-Skilled Women Doing in the Labor Market?

Author : National Poverty Center
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis How Are Low-Skilled Women Doing in the Labor Market? by : National Poverty Center

Download or read book How Are Low-Skilled Women Doing in the Labor Market? written by National Poverty Center and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When chronicling how less-skilled workers have fared in the U.S. since the late 1970's, existing literature often cites their falling wages and declining participation in the labor force. Most research describing these trends, however, focuses primarily on men, failing to account for the fact that less-skilled women's real wages have not fallen, and their labor force participation has actually risen. Rebecca M. Blank and Heidi Shierholz address this topic by breaking down labor market outcomes over the last 25 years by gender and skill level, and exploring possible reasons why less-skilled women might have fared better than less-skilled men in recent decades. Their findings include: Over the last 25 years, women's labor force participation rose steeply while men's fell slightly. This pattern is true among both more and less skilled women. Over the same time period, the male/female wage gap also narrowed. The relationship between education or experience and labor market outcomes has changed. For less-skilled women, the benefit from having additional years of education or experience has improved, and the negative consequences of family and children have lessened. Less-skilled women have benefited from these changes relative to less-skilled men, even while losing ground to more-skilled women. Hence, less-skilled women have occupied an intermediate place in the labor market, doing better than equivalent men but not as well as their more-educated sisters. (Contains 2 figures.) [This paper was prepared from a paper by Rebecca Blank and Heidi Shierholz.].

Are Low-Skill Women Being Left Behind? Labor Market Evidence from the UK

Author : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Are Low-Skill Women Being Left Behind? Labor Market Evidence from the UK by : Ms. Era Dabla-Norris

Download or read book Are Low-Skill Women Being Left Behind? Labor Market Evidence from the UK written by Ms. Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor markets in the UK have been characterized by markedly widening wage inequality for lowskill (non-college) women, a trend that predates the pandemic. We examine the contribution of job polarization to this trend by estimating age, period, and cohort effects for the likelihood of employment in different occupations and the wages earned therein over 2001-2019. For recent generations of women, cohort effects indicate a higher likelihood of employment in low-paying manual jobs relative to high-paying abstract jobs. However, cohort effects also underpin falling wages for post-1980 cohorts across all occupations. We find that falling returns to labor rather than job polarization has been a key driver of rising inter-age wage inequality among low-skill females. Wage-level cohort effects underpin a nearly 10 percent fall in expected lifetime earnings for low-skill women born in 1990 relative to those born in 1970.

Women and Low-Skilled Workers

Author : Sigurd R. . Nilsen
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781422319123
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Low-Skilled Workers by : Sigurd R. . Nilsen

Download or read book Women and Low-Skilled Workers written by Sigurd R. . Nilsen and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2007-12 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing retirements & declining fertility rates could affect the labor force growth in many developed countries. To maintain the size & productivity of the labor force, many gov'ts. & employers have introduced strategies to keep workers, such as women & low-skilled workers, in the workforce throughout their working lives. The author was asked to: (1) describe the policies & practices implemented in other developed countries that may help women & low-wage/low-skilled workers enter & remain in the labor force; (2) examine the targeted groups¿ employment following the implementation of the policies & practices; & (3) identify the factors that affect employees¿ use of workplace benefits & the resulting implications. Charts & tables.

Women in Labour Markets

Author : Sara Elder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789221233183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (331 download)

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Book Synopsis Women in Labour Markets by : Sara Elder

Download or read book Women in Labour Markets written by Sara Elder and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an analysis of 12 indicators from the ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. The aim is to look for progress or lack of progress towards the goal of gender equality in the world of work and identify where and why blockages to labour market equity continue to exist. Focuses on the relationship of women to labour markets and compares employment outcomes for men and women to the best degree possible given the available labour market indicators.

Women and Low-Skilled Workers: Efforts in Other Countries to Help These Workers Enter and Remain in the Workforce

Author : Kay . Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781422319086
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Low-Skilled Workers: Efforts in Other Countries to Help These Workers Enter and Remain in the Workforce by : Kay . Brown

Download or read book Women and Low-Skilled Workers: Efforts in Other Countries to Help These Workers Enter and Remain in the Workforce written by Kay . Brown and published by . This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing retirements & declining fertility rates could affect the labor force growth in many developed countries. To maintain the size & productivity of the labor force, many gov¿t¿s. & employers have introduced strategies to keep workers who face greater challenges in maintaining jobs & incomes, such as women & low-skilled workers, in the workforce. Here, Brown: (1) describes the policies & practices implemented in other developed countries that may help women & low-wage/low-skilled workers enter & remain in the labor force; (2) examines the change in the targeted groups¿ employment following the implementation of the policies & practices; & (3) identifies the factors that affect employees¿ use of workplace benefits & the resulting workplace implications. Illus.

Working and Poor

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440579
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Working and Poor by : Rebecca M. Blank

Download or read book Working and Poor written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last three decades, large-scale economic developments, such as technological change, the decline in unionization, and changing skill requirements, have exacted their biggest toll on low-wage workers. These workers often possess few marketable skills and few resources with which to support themselves during periods of economic transition. In Working and Poor, a distinguished group of economists and policy experts, headlined by editors Rebecca Blank, Sheldon Danziger, and Robert Schoeni, examine how economic and policy changes over the last twenty-five years have affected the well-being of low-wage workers and their families. Working and Poor examines every facet of the economic well-being of less-skilled workers, from employment and earnings opportunities to consumption behavior and social assistance policies. Rebecca Blank and Heidi Schierholz document the different trends in work and wages among less-skilled women and men. Between 1979 and 2003, labor force participation rose rapidly for these women, along with more modest increases in wages, while among the men both employment and wages fell. David Card and John DiNardo review the evidence on how technological changes have affected less-skilled workers and conclude that the effect has been smaller than many observers claim. Philip Levine examines the effectiveness of the Unemployment Insurance program during recessions. He finds that the program's eligibility rules, which deny benefits to workers who have not met minimum earnings requirements, exclude the very people who require help most and should be adjusted to provide for those with the highest need. On the other hand, Therese J. McGuire and David F. Merriman show that government help remains a valuable source of support during economic downturns. They find that during the most recent recession in 2001, when state budgets were stretched thin, legislatures resisted political pressure to cut spending for the poor. Working and Poor provides a valuable analysis of the role that public policy changes can play in improving the plight of the working poor. A comprehensive analysis of trends over the last twenty-five years, this book provides an invaluable reference for the public discussion of work and poverty in America. A Volume in the National Poverty Center Series on Poverty and Public Policy

Women and Low-Skilled Workers

Author : United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781984065926
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (659 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Low-Skilled Workers by : United States Government Accountability Office

Download or read book Women and Low-Skilled Workers written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-21 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women and Low-Skilled Workers: Other Countries' Policies and Practices That May Help These Workers Enter and Remain in the Labor Force

Hard Labor

Author : Joel F. Handler
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131746981X
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Hard Labor by : Joel F. Handler

Download or read book Hard Labor written by Joel F. Handler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth view of the world of low-wage women workers, this expert presentation by authors actively involved in the field provides a realistic picture of the women and the issues as well as suggested strategies and innovations. The book covers a wide range of topics, including getting and keeping a job, struggling to balance the demands of work and family, health care, child care, and unemployment. It is set in the context of both welfare reform and the low-wage labor market and incorporates both self-employment and micro-business enterprise.

Women and Labour Market Dynamics

Author : Balwant Singh Mehta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811390576
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Labour Market Dynamics by : Balwant Singh Mehta

Download or read book Women and Labour Market Dynamics written by Balwant Singh Mehta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses women’s changing role in and contributions to the Indian labour market. It explores how feminist theories and frameworks have changed over time and gradually been supplanted by new ones. The book explores the structural shift in women’s employment from farm to non-farm jobs in services and industries, both theoretically and empirically. Further, it examines the steady rise of women in high skilled or ‘new economy’ sectors like information and communication technology, electronics and telecom; and in low skilled work such as domestic work, particularly in urban areas. It also scrutinizes how emerging sectors of the economy are experimenting with new forms of employment by changing the temporal (part-time work, flexible hours), spatial (location of work) and contractual (temporary contracts) dimensions. Beyond analysing the above-mentioned aspects, the book discusses perennial challenges such as patriarchy, socio-cultural norms and gender-based labour market inequalities across occupations as a ‘glass ceiling’ or ‘sticky floor’. One of the book’s most important contributions is inclusion of detailed labour market statistics for women, with long-term trends and patterns, as well as comparisons with other countries and regions. In closing, the book highlights women’s participation in economic and non-economic activities and related quantification issues, i.e. the invisibility of women’s work, which remains a highly contentious aspect. Given its content, the book offers a valuable asset for a broad readership including academics, NGOs, and policymakers. “The subject of low work participation rates for women has been of concern to economists, gender specialists and policy makers for decades. This book makes an important contribution in understanding the role of women in development and identifies some new policy directions that could be initiated to facilitate greater employment of women.” - Rohini Nayyar, Former Principal Adviser, Yojana Aayog, Government of India “This book is timely and extremely relevant to the academic and policy debates in India. Given the puzzle of low and declining female labour force participation, it is critical to focus on where women work, beyond a supply-side perspective. In addition, efforts are needed to better measure women’s work, which is typically underreported. In both these dimensions, this book makes an important contribution, which will be valuable for both academics and policymakers.” - Sher Verick, Employment Policy and Analysis Programme (EPAP) of the International Training Centre (ITC), International Labour Organization “This book critically examines both theoretically and empirically the dynamics of changes in women’s participation in and contribution to the fast-transforming Indian labour market. The aspects covered include the essential issue of how the new forms of employment are impacting temporal, spatial and contractual dimensions. An excellent and compulsory read for academicians and policy-makers involved in gender as well as labour economics.” - Ritu Dewan, Former President, Indian Association for Women's Studies; Former Director & Professor, Dept. of Economics, University of Mumbai “The book is a required addition to the exiting literature on women’s work and employment for its comprehensive and distinctive approach. It is a unique blend of macro and micro level perspectives and issues capturing statistics.” - Neetha N., Acting Director & Professor, Centre for Women’s Development Studies (CWDS), New Delhi

Who's Not Working and Why

Author : Frederic L. Pryor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521794398
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (943 download)

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Book Synopsis Who's Not Working and Why by : Frederic L. Pryor

Download or read book Who's Not Working and Why written by Frederic L. Pryor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a radically different view of the operations of the labor market, in this 1999 book Professors Pryor and Schaffer explain the growing inequality in wages and how those with the least education are being squeezed out of the labor market. Why have wages in those jobs requiring extra-high cognitive skills risen while all other wages have stagnated or fallen? And why are more university graduates taking high-school jobs? The authors of this volume present data revealing that jobs which require a high educational level are increasing more slowly than those with somewhat lower requirements. However such jobs are increasing faster than those requiring still less formal education. Professors Pryor and Schaffer also show how women are replacing men in jobs which require higher levels of education and, moreover, how those with high cognitive skills are replacing those with lower cognitive skills.

Making It Work

Author : Hirokazu Yoshikawa
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610445651
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Making It Work by : Hirokazu Yoshikawa

Download or read book Making It Work written by Hirokazu Yoshikawa and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-12-07 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-skilled women in the 1990s took widely different paths in trying to support their children. Some held good jobs with growth potential, some cycled in and out of low-paying jobs, some worked part time, and others stayed out of the labor force entirely. Scholars have closely analyzed the economic consequences of these varied trajectories, but little research has focused on the consequences of a mother's career path on her children's development. Making It Work, edited by Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Thomas Weisner, and Edward Lowe, looks past the economic statistics to illustrate how different employment trajectories affect the social and emotional lives of poor women and their children. Making It Work examines Milwaukee's New Hope program, an experiment testing the effectiveness of an anti-poverty initiative that provided health and child care subsidies, wage supplements, and other services to full-time low-wage workers. Employing parent surveys, teacher reports, child assessment measures, ethnographic studies, and state administrative records, Making It Work provides a detailed picture of how a mother's work trajectory affects her, her family, and her children's school performance, social behavior, and expectations for the future. Rashmita Mistry and Edward D. Lowe find that increases in a mother's income were linked to higher school performance in her children. Without large financial worries, mothers gained extra confidence in their ability to parent, which translated into better test scores and higher teacher appraisals for their children. JoAnn Hsueh finds that the children of women with erratic work schedules and non-standard hours—conditions endemic to the low-skilled labor market—exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression. Conversely, Noemi Enchautegui-de-Jesus, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Vonnie McLoyd discover that better job quality predicted lower levels of acting-out and withdrawal among children. Perhaps most surprisingly, Anna Gassman-Pines, Hirokazu Yoshikawa, and Sandra Nay note that as wages for these workers rose, so did their marriage rates, suggesting that those worried about family values should also be concerned with alleviating poverty in America. It is too simplistic to say that parental work is either "good" or "bad" for children. Making It Work gives a nuanced view of how job quality, flexibility, and wages are of the utmost importance for the well-being of low-income parents and children.

Women & Work

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Women & Work by :

Download or read book Women & Work written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-skilled Workers

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-skilled Workers by : Rebecca M. Blank

Download or read book Exploring Gender Differences in Employment and Wage Trends Among Less-skilled Workers written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to less-skilled men, less-skilled women have experienced growing labor force involvement and moderate wage increases. Compared to more-skilled women, less-skilled women have fallen behind. We investigated the reasons behind these trends in labor force participation and wages for male and female workers of different skill levels over the past 25 years, from 1979-2004. We find that less-skilled women have found themselves in an 'intermediate' place in the labor market. Like less-skilled men, they experienced deteriorating returns to education but, unlike the men, they benefited from a growing positive impact of accumulated experience on labor market outcomes. More-skilled women experienced both growing returns to education and greater accumulation of experience, leading to faster wage growth. In addition, at the same time that experience levels have grown, the returns to experience on wages and labor force participation have also risen among less-skilled women, while the returns to experience have declined among less-skilled men. The negative effect of children and marital status on wages and labor force participation has also declined markedly among women of all skill levels.

Low-wage Workers in the New Economy

Author : Richard Kazis
Publisher : The Urban Insitute
ISBN 13 : 9780877667056
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Low-wage Workers in the New Economy by : Richard Kazis

Download or read book Low-wage Workers in the New Economy written by Richard Kazis and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2001 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the challenges facing the country's working poor, drawing lessons from practice and policy to recommend approaches for helping low-wage workers advance to better-paying jobs. Part I overviews the low-wage workforce and the employers who hire them, and Part II summarizes the evidence on strategies to improve workers' skills, supplement their wages, and provide greater support. Part III focuses on challenges encountered by groups such as women and immigrants, and Part IV assesses the potential contributions of community colleges, employers, and unions. Much of this material originated at a May 2000 conference held in Washington, DC. The editors are affiliated with Jobs for the Future. c. Book News Inc.

Outlook for the U.S. Labor Market and Prospects for Low-wage Entry Jobs

Author : Rebecca M. Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Outlook for the U.S. Labor Market and Prospects for Low-wage Entry Jobs by : Rebecca M. Blank

Download or read book Outlook for the U.S. Labor Market and Prospects for Low-wage Entry Jobs written by Rebecca M. Blank and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bitter Choices

Author : Ellen Israel Rosen
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226726458
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Bitter Choices by : Ellen Israel Rosen

Download or read book Bitter Choices written by Ellen Israel Rosen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1990-03-23 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ellen Israel Rosen presents a compelling portrait of married women who work on New England's assembly lines while they also maintain their homes and marriages. With skill and sympathy, she documents the reasons these women work; their experiences on the job, in the union, and at home; the sources of their job satisfaction; and their management of the "double day." The major issue for this segment of the labor force, Rosen suggests, is not whether to work, but the availability and quality of jobs. Rosen argues that deindustrialization—plant closings and job displacement—confronts blue-collar women factory workers with a "bitter choice" between work at lower and lower wages or no work at all. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from interviews with more than two hundred such women factory workers, Rosen traces the ways in which women who do "unskilled" factory work have gained in self-esteem as well as financial stability from holding paid jobs. Throughout, Rosen explores the relationship between public work experiences and private family life. She analyzes the dynamics of two-paycheck, working class families, clarifies relationships between class and gender, and explores the impact of patriarchy and capitalism on working class women. At the same time Rosen places women's job loss within the broader economic context of global industrial transformations, demonstrating how international capital shifts to cheaper labor in developing countries, as well as technological progress, are changing the shape of the entire American labor force and are beginning to undermine the material and symbolic gains of the American female factory worker, the promise of market equality, and progressive working conditions. "This book is a significant contribution to our understanding of women's work and family lives, but it is also a valuable look at the consequences of deindustrialization in America for workers, their families, and their communities."—Myra Marx Ferree, American Journal of Sociology

Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work

Author : Mariya Brussevich
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484379764
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work by : Mariya Brussevich

Download or read book Gender, Technology, and the Future of Work written by Mariya Brussevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies?digitalization, artificial intelligence, and machine learning?are changing the way work gets done at an unprecedented rate. Helping people adapt to a fast-changing world of work and ameliorating its deleterious impacts will be the defining challenge of our time. What are the gender implications of this changing nature of work? How vulnerable are women’s jobs to risk of displacement by technology? What policies are needed to ensure that technological change supports a closing, and not a widening, of gender gaps? This SDN finds that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men across all sectors and occupations?tasks that are most prone to automation. Given the current state of technology, we estimate that 26 million female jobs in 30 countries (28 OECD member countries, Cyprus, and Singapore) are at a high risk of being displaced by technology (i.e., facing higher than 70 percent likelihood of being automated) within the next two decades. Female workers face a higher risk of automation compared to male workers (11 percent of the female workforce, relative to 9 percent of the male workforce), albeit with significant heterogeneity across sectors and countries. Less well-educated and older female workers (aged 40 and above), as well as those in low-skill clerical, service, and sales positions are disproportionately exposed to automation. Extrapolating our results, we find that around 180 million female jobs are at high risk of being displaced globally. Policies are needed to endow women with required skills; close gender gaps in leadership positions; bridge digital gender divide (as ongoing digital transformation could confer greater flexibility in work, benefiting women); ease transitions for older and low-skilled female workers.