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House Of Commons Environment Food And Rural Affairs Committee Departmental Annual Report 2012 13 Hc741
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Author :Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :9780215066008 Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (66 download)
Book Synopsis House of Commons - Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee: Departmental Annual Report 2012-13 - HC741 by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book House of Commons - Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee: Departmental Annual Report 2012-13 - HC741 written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee has examined the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) annual report and accounts for 2012-13 (HC 40, session 2013-14, ISBN 9780102985672). Defra is one of the smallest of Government Departments but it has faced among the most substantial budget cuts, which are set to continue up to 2016. Defra relies on a large number of arms length bodies to deliver many significant areas of policy. Ministers must clarify how further budgets cuts of over £300 million over the coming 2 years will impact on the funding provided to these agencies and the ability of the Department to respond to emergencies, exemplified by the flooding over Christmas and the New Year. Among the most significant challenges facing the Department in the next 12 months is implementation of the new Common Agricultural Policy, and there are risks that the introduction of a new digital system for delivering payments to farms will cause problems for those farmers who do not have access to rural broadband. The Committee found that the results of the Defra staff survey revealed an increased lack of confidence in the management and leadership of the Department, issues which must be addressed. Further challenges facing Defra in the coming year include policy relating to bovine TB and badger culling, its proposals on biodiversity offsetting, the introduction of plastic bag charging, and examining the role and potential of GM technology in food production.
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215084462 Total Pages :41 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 942 - Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee - Work of the Committee: 2010-15 by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 942 - Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee - Work of the Committee: 2010-15 written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215081420 Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 802 - Defra Performance in 2014-15 by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 802 - Defra Performance in 2014-15 written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department's total expenditure for 2013-14 was £6.252 billion, taking into account both its activities funded directly by Parliament and grants made following the receipt of money from the European Union, predominantly to fund agricultural subsidies and rural development schemes. The Government budget allocated to and spent by Defra is known as the Departmental Expenditure Limit (DEL) and it is set at Spending Reviews. The Department has underspent its central Government funding allocation each year since the 2010 Spending Review. In 2013-4, Defra spent £2,433 million of its DEL to meet its strategic objectives which resulted in a £61 million (2 per cent) underspend compared to its budget. The Department's Annual Report and Accounts 2013-4 state that the £50 million underspend against resource DEL was due to the following factors: (a) £30 million was not spent as the UK Government challenged EU disallowance penalties on 2010 and 2011 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) scheme expenditure; and; (b) £20 million was intentional underspend following approval from HM Treasury to carry the funding into 2014-15 to spend on flood prevention
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215081072 Total Pages :40 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 703 - Food Security: Demand, Consumtion and Waste by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 703 - Food Security: Demand, Consumtion and Waste written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The myriad choices millions of people make every day over what food to buy and from where to buy it shape the nation's food production and supply systems. It is essential to harness these decisions to support the public policy goal of enabling all to access healthy and affordable food. Both supply and demand issues must be managed if a growing world population is to be fed at a time when environmental impacts, including those of climate change, are constraining food production. In this report the Committee make recommendations on managing consumer demand, such as by encouraging the purchase of sustainably sourced products or the most nutritious food in order to help to deliver environmental and health goals.
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215078322 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 241 - Waste Management in England by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 241 - Waste Management in England written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government must act to increase recycling rates across England by 2020. It also needs to be ensured that only genuinely residual waste is sent to energy-from-waste plants and to do more to encourage the use of heat outputs from such facilities to improve the overall energy efficiency of this waste management method. Defra 'stepped back' from waste management at a time when we need both a more ambitious approach to waste management and stronger Government leadership to drive up static recycling rates in England and make better use of energy recovery options such as local heating for homes. Ministers must now show that waste policy remains an important priority. On a household level there is too much confusion about what can or can't be recycled - and very little confidence in the process. Communication must improve and be tailored to local circumstances by local authorities, but Defra should provide support at a national level - particularly in relation to common issues and problems. The Committee calls for clear guidance from Defra on how much waste treatment capacity is needed in England to gain an optimal balance between the export of refuse-derived fuel and local treatment. MPs support the use of anaerobic digestion for processing waste, but not for use with purpose-grown crops. More work is also needed to address the issues surrounding separate food waste collections. MPs also call on the Government take action to curb the frequent occurrence of fires at waste management sites
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215081307 Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 834 - Rural Broadband And Digital-Only Services by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 834 - Rural Broadband And Digital-Only Services written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to broadband can be an unexpectedly emotive and complex subject. Written evidence the Committee has received explains how poor broadband can lead to a range of problems: from reduced access to online learning resources for students, to families being unable to use everyday online services such as BBC iPlayer and rural businesses being powerless to function in an increasingly online marketplace. Overall, poor broadband can produce a feeling of a two-tier society with the ’have and have nots'. This feeling is most apparent in rural communities which by their geographical nature are often the hardest for the infrastructure to reach.The move to an online-only Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) system for payments this year provides a clear example of how online-only services often need to be accessed by those located in geographical areas which are difficult for current broadband infrastructure to reach or for good coverage and speed to be provided. CAP payments offer a prime example of the wider Government policy to make services ’digital-by-default'. This policy has clear ramifications when broadband access is limited or non-existent.
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215081064 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 817 - Dairy Prices by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 817 - Dairy Prices written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2015 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide pressure on milk prices has resulted from a combination of rising supply and falling demand, partly because of reduced demand from China and a Russian trade ban with the EU. Rapid and wide fluctuations in milk price bring pressure to bear on the UK dairy industry, and farmers have been leaving it in significant numbers in recent years. While there is no single solution to the problems created by these rapid changes in milk prices, it is incumbent on the Government, and Defra in particular, to promote UK dairy produce domestically and in growing export markets. Action to encourage the spread of Producer Organisations, a review of the EU intervention price for milk and clearer regulation on the labelling of dairy products could all assist a struggling industry. The voluntary code of best practice in the dairy industry, introduced after similar price difficulties in 2012, has been adopted by about 85 per cent of dairy producers and welcomed in improving matters as far as it goes. Closer attention is required, however, to the sharpness and frequency of price changes in the dairy market, which affect investment and financial planning. The Groceries Code Adjudicator's role, concerning the relationship between direct suppliers and major retailers, is too restricted to be of assistance to the vast majority of dairy producers, as they are indirect suppliers.
Author :Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :0215073010 Total Pages :36 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 240 - Winter Floods 2013-14 by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 240 - Winter Floods 2013-14 written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government must not neglect maintenance of flood defences and watercourses if homes, businesses and farmland are to gain better protection against future flooding risk, the EFRA Committee warns in this report of an inquiry triggered by the recent winter floods. The Committee calls for fully funded plans to address the current backlog of dredging and watercourse maintenance as well as to maintain the growing numbers of man-made flood defences. The devolution of maintenance activity to internal drainage boards and to local landowners, wherever possible, is supported. The Committee also urges the Government to address the confusion over maintenance responsibilities through a widespread education campaign. It is essential that Environment Agency funding cuts do not lead to unintended consequences where funding is redirected to one operational area to the detriment of another. The report also calls for a reassurance from Defra that frontline flood jobs at the Environment Agency will not be cut. The Committee identifies the current split between capital and revenue budgets as a major barrier to targeting funding according to local priorities, and can see no reason why the Government cannot move to a total expenditure approach for flood funding to allow more flexibility to spend in the most effective way.
Author :Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :021507288X Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis HC 984 - Primates as Pets by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book HC 984 - Primates as Pets written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urgent action is required to establish the numbers of primates kept in captivity by private individuals across the UK and to improve their welfare. Little is known about the types and numbers of primates being kept or traded by private individuals in the UK and about the manner in which they are being kept. A ban is not ruled out, but such a step must be based on solid evidence and cannot be imposed before every opportunity to improve the operation of our existing framework has been exhausted. Defra should commission independent research to establish the extent of the problems in this area and to report with a plan of action within six months of receiving the research results. The Government must ensure that standards for primates kept in private match those required in zoos. The quality of care that these animals enjoy should be the same whether they are kept in a circus, a pet shop, a private home or a zoo. If the Committee's suggested changes prove insufficient and the evidence for doing so proves compelling, then a ban on the trade and keeping of privately kept primates should remain an option for the future. The report also calls for the Government to: ensure that legislation governing pet sales is fit for the internet age; boost public awareness of existing regulatory controls and guidance; increase the utility and efficacy of the Primate Code; expedite the publication of guidance to local authorities on the Dangerous Wild Animals Act.
Book Synopsis Lessons from PFI and other projects by : Great Britain: National Audit Office
Download or read book Lessons from PFI and other projects written by Great Britain: National Audit Office and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lessons from the experience of using PFI can be applied to improve other forms of procurement and help Government achieve its aim of securing annual infrastructure delivery cost savings of £2 billion to £3 billion. To secure the best value for money from all types of procurement, the public sector needs to develop skills the NAO has identified. These are collecting better data to inform decision-making; ensuring projects have the right skills; establishing effective arrangements to test, challenge and, if necessary, stop projects; and using commercial awareness to obtain better deals. The case for using private finance in public procurement needs to be challenged more. Also, privately financed projects will often still be off balance-sheet which may continue to act as an incentive to use PFI. There has not been a systematic value for money evaluation of operational PFI projects by departments. So there is insufficient data to demonstrate whether the use of private finance has led to better or worse value for money than other forms of procurement. The Treasury and departments should identify alternative methods for delivering infrastructure and related facilities services to maximise value for money for government. The NAO welcomes the current plans of the Treasury and Cabinet Office to strengthen project assurance. The report highlights the need for independent challenge capable of stopping projects which do not give the prospect of value for money. This is particularly important as there is still a shortage of the skills needed to manage and oversee complex major projects.
Book Synopsis National Audit Office - Ministry of Justice and National Offender Management Service - HC 735 by : Great Britain: National Audit Office
Download or read book National Audit Office - Ministry of Justice and National Offender Management Service - HC 735 written by Great Britain: National Audit Office and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current strategy for the prison estate in England and Wales has provided good quality accommodation, suitable for decades to come for prisoners with a wide range of security categorizations. The strategy is also a significant improvement in value for money over the short-term and reactive approaches of the early and middle 2000s. However, the strategy has resulted in the closure of several prisons that were performing well, and their performance has not yet been matched by new establishments. Some prisoners still routinely share cells, some of them in overcrowded conditions. The strategy understandably focuses on cost reduction and, by 2015-16, it will have resulted in total savings of £211 million, with further savings accruing at a rate of £70 million a year thereafter. However, decision-making has sometimes traded good quality and performance for greater savings. The Ministry of Justice and NOMS use good forecasts of prisoner numbers and have good contingency plans to help them implement changes to the estate, for example responding effectively to an unexpected spike in prisoner numbers after the riots in 2011. NOMS could free up more spare capacity if prisoners serving indeterminate sentences had more access to accredited courses the completion of which might reduce their risk of causing harm sufficiently to allow the Parole Board to release them. The report also points out that the Home Office removes over 1,000 foreign national offenders from the UK every quarter but, for a number of reasons, is currently removing fewer than in 2009
Book Synopsis The Economics Of The Arts by : Mark Blaug
Download or read book The Economics Of The Arts written by Mark Blaug and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economics of the Arts is a new field with a small but rapidly-growing literature, which has emerged in recent years out of the eagerness of economists to apply their techniques to hitherto untried areas and the recognition by Arts administrators of the rapidly increasing economic pressures on the Arts. This book of readings is the first of its kind. Of the 16 articles, 8 are directly concerned with the Arts in America; the other 8 deal with the British scene. What can economics say about so non-economic a subject as the Arts? Obviously, finance for the Arts involves economic considerations. But in addition, economics provides, among other things, a logic of rational choice, and the economists' style of thinking, therefore, is adaptable to any problem of choice in respect of any set of goals, whether they be economic goals or not. Then, there is the question of whether economics can provide a case for public support for the Arts, that is, whether the State should subsidize the Arts. This is a familiar problem in the economics of welfare but its application to the Arts raises novel questions and even economists are not agreed on whether economics can provide such a rationale. Also, there is the question of criteria for public expenditure on the Arts, assuming that the case for some public expenditure has been made. Can economists tell us how much the State should spend on the Arts? Surely, they can help us with a host of other questions: should museums and galleries charge fees; should museums ever sell off parts of their collections; can the Arts economize on their expenditures; how can modern music be most effectively encouraged by public funds; are ticket prices an important element in the demand for the Arts; and does the low pay of artists discourage individuals from taking up artistic occupations?
Author :Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :9780215045508 Total Pages :164 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (455 download)
Book Synopsis Greening the Common Agricultural Policy by : Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book Greening the Common Agricultural Policy written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Commission proposes that 30% of 'direct payments' made to farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) would be conditional on compliance with three new 'greening' measures. While supporting the Commission's desire to improve the environment, the EFRA Committee rejects the approach proposed. Instead it calls for the EU to set high-level objectives for the CAP that provide for flexibility to apply the right measures for local conditions through 'decentralising' environmental protection under the CAP to Member States. This report highlights the huge benefit that UK 'agri-environment' schemes have brought to biodiversity, food production and the countryside. The Committee also urged Defra to ensure that the UK's tenant farmers should not be excluded from these schemes. The Committee concludes that Defra must ensure the balance of funding between mandatory and voluntary aspects of the CAP should not leave UK farmers at a competitive disadvantage relative to their counterparts in the rest of Europe. MPs also warn that measures proposed by the Commission would be even more complex than the current system - adding costly bureaucracy and generating more errors in the system. Likewise, the committee concludes that the Commission's crop diversification measure would in the UK have perverse consequences that are far less environmentally beneficial than crop rotation. Of the three 'greening' measures offered, the Commission's proposal for Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) has the potential to deliver the greatest environmental benefit. However, the lack of definitions within the proposals make it difficult to assess what, if any, such benefits would actually be delivered
Author :Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :9780215047250 Total Pages :102 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (472 download)
Book Synopsis Desinewed meat by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book Desinewed meat written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Commission demanded in March that desinewed meat, which closely resembles minced meat and is used in many processed meat products, must be classified as "mechanically separated meat." Under EU rules, this meant that it could no longer be obtained from the bones of cattle, sheep and goats. The Government was caught unawares and has so far failed to protect UK producers despite that it has made it clear that there are no food safety risks associated with the use of desinewed meat. This report highlights the impact that the Commission's decision has had on the UK meat industry. One producer of desinewed meat, Newby Foods Ltd, has been forced to make almost half of its workforce redundant. Consumers are also expected to pay a price as desinewed meat, traditionally used in value ranges, is replaced by more expensive cuts of meat. The Committee's inquiry found that although similar processes are used elsewhere in the EU, only the UK has been forced into a ban after being threatened with "safeguarding measures" by the Commission. Now we must put pressure on the Commission to bring forward visits to other Member States so that there is a level playing field for our producers. We are now in the absurd situation where we could see this meat imported from elsewhere in the EU to take the place of domestically produced meat. The Committee also criticises the European Commission for failing to provide oral evidence to the Committee's inquiry, saying that it shows a "worrying disregard for democratic accountability
Author :Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :9780215556134 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (561 download)
Book Synopsis The Marine Policy Statement by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
Download or read book The Marine Policy Statement written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee welcomes the production of the Marine Policy Statement as the first step in the implementation of marine planning in the UK. It is important that the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) must be properly funded to carry out its work in implementing the MPS and developing marine plans for English waters, and the Committee notes the announced cuts to the MMO's budget with concern. It is important that the MPS remains relevant and up-to-date if it is effectively to guide decision makers in the future, and significant changes to the evidence on which it is based must be reflected in the contents of the MPS, but reviews should not be unnecessary or costly. The report notes the concerns raised by consultees regarding the level of detailed guidance on the interaction between terrestrial and marine planning. The Committee comments on the absence of detailed guidance about policy priorities in the draft MPS, and feels it is essential that sufficient clarity is provided in individual marine plans. Finally, the Committee welcomes assurances that the fishing industry will not be adversely affected by implementation of the MPS, and will look to see that this is borne out in the development of marine plans.
Author :Great Britain: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Publisher :The Stationery Office ISBN 13 :9780108511486 Total Pages :76 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (114 download)
Book Synopsis National policy statement for waste water by : Great Britain: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Download or read book National policy statement for waste water written by Great Britain: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-03-26 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste water treatment infrastructure is essential for public health and a clean environment. Demand for new and improved waste water infrastructure is likely to be driven by the following: (i) More stringent statutory requirements to protect the environment and water quality; (ii) Population growth and urbanisation; (iii) Replacement or improvement of infrastructure; (iv) Adaptation to climate change. This National Policy Statement (NPS) sets out Government policy for the provision of major waste water infrastructure as defined in the Planning Act 2008 (ISBN 9780105429081). It will be used as the primary basis for deciding development consent applications for waste water developments that fall within the definition of Nationally Significant infrastructure Projects (NSIP). The publication is divided into four chapters and four annexes: Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Government policy on need for waste water infrastructure; Chapter 3 Factors for examination and determination of applications; Chapter 4: Generic impacts.
Book Synopsis Economic Impact of the Arts by : Anthony J. Radich
Download or read book Economic Impact of the Arts written by Anthony J. Radich and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a collection of 7 works by authors arguing for the support of public spending on the arts: (1) "Introduction: The Value of Economic Reasoning and the Arts" (Harry Hillman-Chartrand), examines the changing social perception of the arts over time, and describes the interaction among the sectors of the arts; (2) "Arts Impact Studies: A Fashionable Excess" (Bruce A. Seaman), questions the theory underlying studies that measure primary spending associated with art activities for the arts are seen as having an important role in local economic development by improving the social infrastructure of communities and by enhancing the quality of human capitol within a region, a role which is not quantitatively measurable; (3) "Economic Impact Studies of the Arts as Effective Advocacy" (Anthony J. Radich and Sonja K. Foss), explores the ways in which five illustrative economic impact studies were tools of effective advocacy for the arts by achieving communication between arts advocates and representatives of business and government; (4) "Improving the Design and Policy Relevance of Art Impact Studies: A Review of the Literature" (David Cwi), reviews impact studies in 16 states, discussing the terms of reference and content of those studies faulting the typical study as doing less to assist its sponsors in arts policymaking than such studies could; (5) "The Role of the Arts in State and Local Economic Development" (R. Leo Penne and James L. Shanahan), indicates that, in the postindustrial society, the arts are amenities that attract and retain talented people, foster the spirit of innovation and adventure, convey a positive city image, and thus are real contributors to local economic development; (6) "Evaluating Cultural Policy through Benefit/Cost Analysis" (William S. Hendon), advocates and describes procedures for explicit and quantified cost benefit analysis; and (7) "Economic Structure and Impact of the Arts: Comparison with the Nonarts" (James H. Gapinski), completes the selection of articles with the common message that the arts have a pervasive, positive effect on local economies. A glossary, a bibliography, and a section about the authors follow. The book is indexed by subject, name, and studies cited. (MM)
