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Hormonal And Neuroendocrine Regulation Of Energy Balance
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Book Synopsis Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance by : Maria Moreno
Download or read book Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance written by Maria Moreno and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-07-18 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and peripheral signals. The hypothalamus as well as peripheral hormones among which adipokines from adipose tissue and thyroid hormones play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms through which hormonal and neuroendocrine systems regulate energy balance has been a long-standing challenge in biology and is now more necessary when considering the world-wide increasing prevalence of obesity. Indeed, recognizing and understanding the biochemical and nutrient signaling pathways contributing to the nervous and endocrine integration of physiological mechanisms involved in the normal and/or abnormal regulation of energy balance is fundamental also to the development of new, effective, and targeted treatments for obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and food intake. This is accomplished through a precise balance of production and degradation of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic neuropeptide which is degraded to an inactive form unable to inhibit food intake by the key enzyme prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP), thus suggesting that pharmacologic approaches targeting PRCP may provide a novel and effective option for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Indeed, efforts have been made to generate potent, brain-penetrant PRCP inhibitors. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal for obese subjects not always reachable by dietary caloric restriction or increased physical activity. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. Recently, it has been reported that thyroid hormone (TH)- derivatives such as 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3-iodothyronamine possess interesting biological activities, opening new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivatives therapeutic usage. Moreover, several studies, focusing on the interaction between thyroid hormone (TH), the autonomic nervous system and the liver, revealed an important role for the hypothalamus in the differential effects of TH on autonomic outflow to peripheral organs controlling energy balance. This Research Topic aims to give a comprehensive and integrate view of the factors involved in the endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling in energy balance regulation to highlight their involvement into physiological processes and regulatory systems as well as their perturbation during pathological processes.
Book Synopsis Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance by :
Download or read book Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and peripheral signals. The hypothalamus as well as peripheral hormones among which adipokines from adipose tissue and thyroid hormones play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms through which hormonal and neuroendocrine systems regulate energy balance has been a long-standing challenge in biology and is now more necessary when considering the world-wide increasing prevalence of obesity. Indeed, recognizing and understanding the biochemical and nutrient signaling pathways contributing to the nervous and endocrine integration of physiological mechanisms involved in the normal and/or abnormal regulation of energy balance is fundamental also to the development of new, effective, and targeted treatments for obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and food intake. This is accomplished through a precise balance of production and degradation of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic neuropeptide which is degraded to an inactive form unable to inhibit food intake by the key enzyme prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP), thus suggesting that pharmacologic approaches targeting PRCP may provide a novel and effective option for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Indeed, efforts have been made to generate potent, brain-penetrant PRCP inhibitors. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal for obese subjects not always reachable by dietary caloric restriction or increased physical activity. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. Recently, it has been reported that thyroid hormone (TH)- derivatives such as 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3-iodothyronamine possess interesting biological activities, opening new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivatives therapeutic usage. Moreover, several studies, focusing on the interaction between thyroid hormone (TH), the autonomic nervous system and the liver, revealed an important role for the hypothalamus in the differential effects of TH on autonomic outflow to peripheral organs controlling energy balance. This Research Topic aims to give a comprehensive and integrate view of the factors involved in the endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling in energy balance regulation to highlight their involvement into physiological processes and regulatory systems as well as their perturbation during pathological processes.
Book Synopsis Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Homeostasis in Non-mammalian Vertebrates and Invertebrates by : Suraj Unniappan
Download or read book Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Homeostasis in Non-mammalian Vertebrates and Invertebrates written by Suraj Unniappan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Energy Balance, Neuropeptide Hormones, and Neuroendocrine Function by : Eduardo A. Nillni
Download or read book Textbook of Energy Balance, Neuropeptide Hormones, and Neuroendocrine Function written by Eduardo A. Nillni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents for the first time a comprehensive body of the latest knowledge in the field of neuropeptides and their action on energy balance. It contains a detailed and comprehensive account of the specific hypothalamic peptides in regards to their roles in energy balance, food intake control and co-morbidities, to better understand the patho-physiology of obesity. The textbook includes an examination the history of the evolution of human society from a thin to the obese phenotype and, within that context, how modern society habits and industrial food production did not respect the evolutionary trait resulting in changes in the energy balance set point. It provides a novel conceptualization of the problem of obesity when considering the biochemistry of peptide hormones and entertaining novel ideas on multiple approaches to the problems of energy balance, as well as demonstrates and explains why alterations in pro-hormone processing are paramount to understand metabolic disease. This text is excellent material for teaching graduate and medical school courses, as well as a valuable resource for researchers in biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology, neuroscientists, physician endocrinologists, and nutritionists.
Book Synopsis Neuroendocrine Control of Feeding Behavior by : Serge H. Luquet
Download or read book Neuroendocrine Control of Feeding Behavior written by Serge H. Luquet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Hypothalamic neuronal circuits thus represent a privileged target for the treatment of eating disorders and metabolic diseases. The present eBook constitutes a unique collection of research articles and reviews that highlight new concepts and recent findings about the neuroendocrine control of feeding behavior.
Book Synopsis Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by : Andrea Dunaif
Download or read book Polycystic Ovary Syndrome written by Andrea Dunaif and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS and comprises the most up-to-date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. It critically reviews the methodological approaches and the evidence for various PCOS susceptibility genes. The book also discusses additional familial phenotypes of PCOS and their potential genetic basis. All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS.
Book Synopsis Bariatric Endocrinology by : J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy
Download or read book Bariatric Endocrinology written by J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book – the first ever on bariatric endocrinology – is a comprehensive endocrine and metabolism approach to the diseases that result from excess fat mass accumulation and adipose tissue dysfunction. It takes an approach that places adipose tissue at the center of the clinical approach to patients, as opposed to the complications of adipose tissue accumulation and dysfunction, which has been the dominant approach to date. Initial chapters include discussion of adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology (adiposopathy), hormonal, central nervous system, and gut microbiome regulation of energy balance and stores, and primary and secondary causes of adipose tissue weight gain. Subsequent chapters cover the evaluation and treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hyperglycemic states, hypertension, neoplasia, and gonadal function in men and women. Management strategies, such as nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric procedures, round out the presentation. Each chapter is bookended by bullet-pointed clinical pearls at the beginning and a full reading list at the end. Written and edited by experts in the field of endocrinology and obesity management, Bariatric Endocrinology redefines practice to focus not just on weight loss as measured in pounds lost, but on adipose tissue mass and pathology, decreasing fat mass for adiposity-related diseases and returning adipose tissue to normal function.
Book Synopsis Endocrinology of the Gut by : Frank P. Brooks
Download or read book Endocrinology of the Gut written by Frank P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clinical Neuroendocrinology by : Michael Wilkinson
Download or read book Clinical Neuroendocrinology written by Michael Wilkinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise and innovative account of clinical neuroendocrine disorders and the key principles underlying their diagnosis and management.
Book Synopsis The Renin-angiotensin System and the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance by : Annette D. De Kloet
Download or read book The Renin-angiotensin System and the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance written by Annette D. De Kloet and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is best-known as an endocrine system that regulates hydromineral balance and cardiovascular function. More recently, it has become evident that the RAS acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion within many tissues to influence obesity and its comorbidities. The goal of these studies was to test specific hypotheses relating to how angiotensin-II (Ang-II; an end-product of the RAS) influences energy and glucose homeostasis. The overall hypothesis is that Ang-II acts in the brain to promote negative energy balance and peripherally to enhance energy storage. To assess the role of the RAS in energy and glucose homeostasis, body weight and composition, food intake and glucose tolerance were examined in rats given captopril. Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that prevents circulating Ang-II from being formed but does not readily access the brain. Rats fed either high-fat or low-fat diet and given captopril weighed less, had less body fat, and had improved glucose tolerance relative to controls. Rats given captopril also ate significantly less than free-fed controls, and comparisons to pair-fed controls indicated that the reduced weight gain and adiposity and improved glucose tolerance were due primarily to decreased food intake. Because systemic captopril elevates plasma and consequently brain angiotensin-I (Ang-I; the precursor for Ang-II and substrate for ACE), but does not itself enter the brain, we further hypothesized that still-active brain ACE would convert the increased Ang-I into Ang-II, and that the increased central Ang-II would contribute to systemic captopril-induced negative energy balance. Consistent with this, the reduction in food intake elicited by peripheral captopril was reversed by co-administration of the ACE inhibitor into the brain. These results suggest that captopril protects against diet-induced obesity, in part by elevating central Ang-II levels. These studies were extended by directly evaluating the role of RAS in the CNS regulation of energy balance. Osmotic minipumps were used to chronically administer Ang-II to rats in order to examine the effect of increased brain Ang-II signaling on energy balance. Chronic elevation of central Ang-II signaling resulted in reduced food intake, body weight gain and adiposity. The decrease in body weight and adiposity occurred relative to free-fed and pair-fed controls, implying that reduced food intake, in and of itself, does not underlie all of these effects. Consistent with this, rats administered Ang-II exhibited increased energy expenditure and enhanced expression of indices of adipose tissue sympathetic activation. Moreover, chronic icv Ang-II increased the anorectic corticotrophin-releasing and thyroid-releasing hormones within the hypothalamus. This hypothalamic gene expression profile coupled with the abundant angiotensin type-1 receptor expression within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) led to the hypothesis that the PVN angiotensin type-1 receptor population may contribute to some of these processes. This hypothesis is discussed in the final chapter. Collectively, the experiments included in this dissertation support the overall hypothesis that Ang-II acts within the CNS to promote negative energy balance, and suggest that some contributing mechanisms include reduced food intake, elevated energy expenditure and enhanced sympathetic activation of adipose tissue.
Book Synopsis Gut Hormones by : Stephen Robert Bloom
Download or read book Gut Hormones written by Stephen Robert Bloom and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology by : Richard E. Brown
Download or read book An Introduction to Neuroendocrinology written by Richard E. Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-27 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as an introductory text in neuroendocrinology; the study of the interaction between the brain and endocrine system and the influence of this on behaviour. The endocrine glands, pituitary gland and hypothalamus and their interactions and hormones are discussed. The action of steroid and thyroid hormone receptors and the regulation of target cell response to hormones is examined. The function of neuropeptides is discussed with respect to the neuroendocrine system and behaviour. The neuroimmune system and lymphokines are described and the interaction between the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems discussed. Finally, methods for studying hormonal influences on behaviour are outlined. Each chapter has review and essay questions designed for advanced students and honours or graduate students with a background in neuroscience, respectively.
Book Synopsis The Endocrine System in Sports and Exercise by : William J. Kraemer
Download or read book The Endocrine System in Sports and Exercise written by William J. Kraemer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable new addition to the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine series provides a comprehensive and logical look at the principles and mechanisms of endocrinology as related to sports and exercise. It looks at growth hormone factors involved in exercise and the endocrinology of sport competition. It considers various factors and stresses on the body that may alter sporting performance. It covers topics from the acute responses and chronic adaptations of the human endocrine system to the muscular activity involved in conditioning exercise, physical labor, and sport activities. This book is an essential reference for helping to plan better programs of physical fitness, to prepare for sports competitions, and to manage the medical care of athletes.
Book Synopsis Bovine Reproduction by : Richard M. Hopper
Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Book Synopsis Neuroendocrine Control of Metabolism, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics by : Christoph Buettner
Download or read book Neuroendocrine Control of Metabolism, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics written by Christoph Buettner and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Endocrinology Clinics brings the reader up to date on the important advances in research surrounding the neuroendocrine control of metabolism. Guest edited by Christoph Buettner, the topics covered include leptin signaling, hypothalamic inflammation, hypoglycemia awareness, perinatal programming of metabolic disease, substrates, and more.
Book Synopsis Feeding Behavior: Neuroendocrine Control and Behavior by : John Preston
Download or read book Feeding Behavior: Neuroendocrine Control and Behavior written by John Preston and published by States Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroendocrinology is a discipline of biology that investigates the relationship between the nervous system and endocrine system. It studies the regulation of the hormonal activity of the body by the brain. The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that controls feeding behavior (food intake) and energy balance. Feeding behavior refers to any action of an animal that is directed towards the procurement of nutrients. Deregulation of feeding behavior, which results in weight loss or gain, has been linked to either high-grade or low-grade hypothalamic inflammation. Neuroendocrine systems are involved in the integration of hunger and satiety signals and the regulation of energy homeostasis. These hold the possibility of new treatment options for eating disorders and diseases. This book unravels the recent studies on neuroendocrine control and behavior with respect to feeding behavior. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.
Book Synopsis Hormones and Behavior by : Davis Simonsen
Download or read book Hormones and Behavior written by Davis Simonsen and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors present current research in the study of hormones and behavior. Topics include the neuroendocrine regulation of sedation and excitation in neonatal chicks; the behavior of the mother and vasopressin; inhibited TRHergic pathway of amygdala and insular cortex may participate in high anxiety levels and decreased food intake of dehydrated-induced anorexic rats; the difference between morning and evening thyrotropin response to protirelin(TRH); altered energy balance in response to sleep restriction; hormones in breast carcinogenesis; ecdysteriods and honeybee social behaviors; and changes in appetite-associated hormone and feeding behavior in advanced age.--
