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Defying Hitler

Author : Sebastian Haffner
Publisher : Plunkett Lake Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Defying Hitler by : Sebastian Haffner

Download or read book Defying Hitler written by Sebastian Haffner and published by Plunkett Lake Press. This book was released on 2019-07-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defying Hitler was written in 1939 and focuses on the year 1933, when, as Hitler assumed power, its author was a 25-year-old German law student, in training to join the German courts as a junior administrator. His book tries to answer two questions people have been asking since the end of World War II: “How were the Nazis possible?” and “Why did no one stop them?” Sebastian Haffner’s vivid first-person account, written in real time and only much later discovered by his son, makes the rise of the Nazis psychologically comprehensible. “An astonishing memoir... [a] masterpiece.” — Gabriel Schoenfeld, The New York Times Book Review “A short, stabbing, brilliant book... It is important, first, as evidence of what one intelligent German knew in the 1930s about the unspeakable nature of Nazism, at a time when the overwhelming majority of his countrymen claim to have know nothing at all. And, second, for its rare capacity to reawaken anger about those who made the Nazis possible.” — Max Hastings, The Sunday Telegraph “Defying Hitler communicates one of the most profound and absolute feelings of exile that any writer has gotten between covers.” — Charles Taylor, Salon “Sebastian Haffner was Germany’s political conscience, but it is only now that we can read how he experienced the Nazi terror himself — that is a memoir of frightening relevance today.” — Heinrich Jaenicke, Stern “The prophetic insights of a fairly young man... help us understand the plight, as Haffner refers to it, of the non-Nazi German.” — The Denver Post “Sebastian Haffner’s Defying Hitler is a most brilliant and imaginative book — one of the most important books we have ever published.” — Lord Weidenfeld

The Hitler Book

Author : Henrik Eberle
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 0786734914
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hitler Book by : Henrik Eberle

Download or read book The Hitler Book written by Henrik Eberle and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stalin had never been able to shake off the nightmare of Adolf Hitler. Just as in 1941 he refused to understand that Hitler had broken their non-aggression pact, he was in 1945 unwilling to believe that the dictator had committed suicide in the debris of the Berlin bunker. In his paranoia, Stalin ordered his secret police, the NKVD, precursor to the KGB, to explore in detail every last vestige of the private life of the only man he considered a worthy opponent, and to clarify beyond doubt the circumstances of his death. For months two captives of the Soviet Army -- Otto Guensche, Hitler's adjutant, and Heinz Linge, his personal valet--were interrogated daily, their stories crosschecked, until the NKVD were convinced that they had the fullest possible account of the life of the Fü In 1949 they presented their work, in a single copy, to Stalin. It is as remarkable for the depth of its insight into Adolf Hitler -- from his specific directions to Linge as to how his body was to be burned, to his sense of humor -- as for what it does not say, reflecting the prejudices of the intended reader: Joseph Stalin. Nowhere, for instance, does the dossier criticize Hitler's treatment of the Jews. Today, the 413-page original of Stalin's personal biography of Hitler is a Kremlin treasure and it is said to be held in President Putin's safe. The only other copy, made by order of Stalin's successor, Nikita Khrushchev, in 1959, was deposited in Moscow Party archives under the code number 462A. It was there that Henrik Eberle and Matthias Uhl, two German historians, found it. Available to the public in full for the first time, The Hitler Book presents a captivating, astonishing, and deeply revealing portrait of Hitler, Stalin, and the mutual antagonism of these two dictators, who between them wrought devastation on the European continent.

Mein Kampf

Author : Adolf Hitler
Publisher : ببلومانيا للنشر والتوزيع
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Mein Kampf by : Adolf Hitler

Download or read book Mein Kampf written by Adolf Hitler and published by ببلومانيا للنشر والتوزيع. This book was released on 2024-02-26 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Madman, tyrant, animal—history has given Adolf Hitler many names. In Mein Kampf (My Struggle), often called the Nazi bible, Hitler describes his life, frustrations, ideals, and dreams. Born to an impoverished couple in a small town in Austria, the young Adolf grew up with the fervent desire to become a painter. The death of his parents and outright rejection from art schools in Vienna forced him into underpaid work as a laborer. During the First World War, Hitler served in the infantry and was decorated for bravery. After the war, he became actively involved with socialist political groups and quickly rose to power, establishing himself as Chairman of the National Socialist German Worker's party. In 1924, Hitler led a coalition of nationalist groups in a bid to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich. The infamous Munich "Beer-hall putsch" was unsuccessful, and Hitler was arrested. During the nine months he was in prison, an embittered and frustrated Hitler dictated a personal manifesto to his loyal follower Rudolph Hess. He vented his sentiments against communism and the Jewish people in this document, which was to become Mein Kampf, the controversial book that is seen as the blue-print for Hitler's political and military campaign. In Mein Kampf, Hitler describes his strategy for rebuilding Germany and conquering Europe. It is a glimpse into the mind of a man who destabilized world peace and pursued the genocide now known as the Holocaust.

Hitler

Author : Volker Ullrich
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 038535438X
Total Pages : 1034 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler by : Volker Ullrich

Download or read book Hitler written by Volker Ullrich and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2016 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published: Germany: S. Fischer Verlag.

Hitler's True Believers

Author : Robert Gellately
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190689900
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler's True Believers by : Robert Gellately

Download or read book Hitler's True Believers written by Robert Gellately and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nazi ideology drove Hitler's quest for power in 1933, colored everything in the Third Reich, and culminated in the Second World War and the Holocaust. In this book, Gellately addresses often-debated questions about how Führer discovered the ideology and why millions adopted aspects of National Socialism without having laid eyes on the "leader" or reading his work.

Hitler at Home

Author : Despina Stratigakos
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300187602
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler at Home by : Despina Stratigakos

Download or read book Hitler at Home written by Despina Stratigakos and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at Adolf Hitler’s residences and their role in constructing and promoting the dictator’s private persona both within Germany and abroad. Adolf Hitler’s makeover from rabble-rouser to statesman coincided with a series of dramatic home renovations he undertook during the mid-1930s. This provocative book exposes the dictator’s preoccupation with his private persona, which was shaped by the aesthetic and ideological management of his domestic architecture. Hitler’s bachelor life stirred rumors, and the Nazi regime relied on the dictator’s three dwellings—the Old Chancellery in Berlin, his apartment in Munich, and the Berghof, his mountain home on the Obersalzberg—to foster the myth of the Führer as a morally upstanding and refined man. Author Despina Stratigakos also reveals the previously untold story of Hitler’s interior designer, Gerdy Troost, through newly discovered archival sources. At the height of the Third Reich, media outlets around the world showcased Hitler’s homes to audiences eager for behind-the-scenes stories. After the war, fascination with Hitler’s domestic life continued as soldiers and journalists searched his dwellings for insights into his psychology. The book’s rich illustrations, many previously unpublished, offer readers a rare glimpse into the decisions involved in the making of Hitler’s homes and into the sheer power of the propaganda that influenced how the world saw him. “Inarguably the powder-keg title of the year.”—Mitchell Owen, Architectural Digest “A fascinating read, which reminds us that in Nazi Germany the architectural and the political can never be disentangled. Like his own confected image, Hitler’s buildings cannot be divorced from their odious political hinterland.”—Roger Moorhouse, Times

Mussolini and Hitler

Author : Christian Goeschel
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300178832
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Mussolini and Hitler by : Christian Goeschel

Download or read book Mussolini and Hitler written by Christian Goeschel and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh treatment of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, revealing the close ties between Mussolini and Hitler and their regimes From 1934 until 1944 Mussolini met Hitler numerous times, and the two developed a relationship that deeply affected both countries. While Germany is generally regarded as the senior power, Christian Goeschel demonstrates just how much history has underrepresented Mussolini's influence on his German ally. In this highly readable book, Goeschel, a scholar of twentieth-century Germany and Italy, revisits all of Mussolini and Hitler's key meetings and asks how these meetings constructed a powerful image of a strong Fascist-Nazi relationship that still resonates with the general public. His portrait of Mussolini draws on sources ranging beyond political history to reveal a leader who, at times, shaped Hitler's decisions and was not the gullible buffoon he's often portrayed as. The first comprehensive study of the Mussolini-Hitler relationship, this book is a must-read for scholars and anyone interested in the history of European fascism, World War II, or political leadership.

Hitler and Nazi Germany

Author : Jackson J. Spielvogel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315509156
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler and Nazi Germany by : Jackson J. Spielvogel

Download or read book Hitler and Nazi Germany written by Jackson J. Spielvogel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is based on current research findings and is written for students and general readers who want a deeper understanding of this period in German history. It provides a balanced approach in examining Hitler's role in the history of the Third Reich and includes coverage of the economic, social, and political forces that made the rise and growth of Nazism possible; the institutional, cultural, and social life of the Third Reich; the Second World War; and the Holocaust.

On Hitler's Mein Kampf

Author : Albrecht Koschorke
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262533332
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis On Hitler's Mein Kampf by : Albrecht Koschorke

Download or read book On Hitler's Mein Kampf written by Albrecht Koschorke and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the narrative strategies employed in the most dangerous book of the twentieth century and a reflection on totalitarian literature. Hitler's Mein Kampf was banned in Germany for almost seventy years, kept from being reprinted by the accidental copyright holder, the Bavarian Ministry of Finance. In December 2015, the first German edition of Mein Kampf since 1946 appeared, with Hitler's text surrounded by scholarly commentary apparently meant to act as a kind of cordon sanitaire. And yet the dominant critical assessment (in Germany and elsewhere) of the most dangerous book of the twentieth century is that it is boring, unoriginal, jargon-laden, badly written, embarrassingly rabid, and altogether ludicrous. (Even in the 1920s, the consensus was that the author of such a book had no future in politics.) How did the unreadable Mein Kampf manage to become so historically significant? In this book, German literary scholar Albrecht Koschorke attempts to explain the power of Hitler's book by examining its narrative strategies. Koschorke argues that Mein Kampf cannot be reduced to an ideological message directed to all readers. By examining the text and the signals that it sends, he shows that we can discover for whom Hitler strikes his propagandistic poses and who is excluded. Koschorke parses the borrowings from the right-wing press, the autobiographical details concocted to make political points, the attack on the Social Democrats that bleeds into an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory, the contempt for science, and the conscious attempt to trigger outrage. A close reading of National Socialism's definitive text, Koschorke concludes, can shed light on the dynamics of fanaticism. This lesson of Mein Kampf still needs to be learned.

Explaining Hitler

Author : Ron Rosenbaum
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 006095339X
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Hitler by : Ron Rosenbaum

Download or read book Explaining Hitler written by Ron Rosenbaum and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 1999-06-09 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extraordinary expedition into the war zone of Hitler theories.

Hitler: Downfall

Author : Volker Ullrich
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 1101874015
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler: Downfall by : Volker Ullrich

Download or read book Hitler: Downfall written by Volker Ullrich and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A riveting account of the dictator’s final years, when he got the war he wanted but led his nation, the world, and himself to catastrophe—from the author of Hitler: Ascent “Skillfully conceived and utterly engrossing.” —The New York Times Book Review In the summer of 1939, Hitler was at the zenith of his power. Having consolidated political control in Germany, he was at the helm of a newly restored major world power, and now perfectly positioned to realize his lifelong ambition: to help the German people flourish and to exterminate those who stood in the way. Beginning a war allowed Hitler to take his ideological obsessions to unthinkable extremes, including the mass genocide of millions, which was conducted not only with the aid of the SS, but with the full knowledge of German leadership. Yet despite a series of stunning initial triumphs, Hitler’s fateful decision to invade the Soviet Union in 1941 turned the tide of the war in favor of the Allies. Now, Volker Ullrich, author of Hitler: Ascent 1889–1939, offers fascinating new insight into Hitler’s character and personality. He vividly portrays the insecurity, obsession with minutiae, and narcissistic penchant for gambling that led Hitler to overrule his subordinates and then blame them for his failures. When he ultimately realized the war was not winnable, Hitler embarked on the annihilation of Germany itself in order to punish the people who he believed had failed to hand him victory. A masterful and riveting account of a spectacular downfall, Ullrich’s rendering of Hitler’s final years is an essential addition to our understanding of the dictator and the course of the Second World War.

Hollywood and Hitler, 1933-1939

Author : Thomas Doherty
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231535147
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Hollywood and Hitler, 1933-1939 by : Thomas Doherty

Download or read book Hollywood and Hitler, 1933-1939 written by Thomas Doherty and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1933 and 1939, representations of the Nazis and the full meaning of Nazism came slowly to Hollywood, growing more ominous and distinct only as the decade wore on. Recapturing what ordinary Americans saw on the screen during the emerging Nazi threat, Thomas Doherty reclaims forgotten films, such as Hitler's Reign of Terror (1934), a pioneering anti-Nazi docudrama by Cornelius Vanderbilt Jr.; I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany (1936), a sensational true tale of "a Hollywood girl in Naziland!"; and Professor Mamlock (1938), an anti-Nazi film made by German refugees living in the Soviet Union. Doherty also recounts how the disproportionately Jewish backgrounds of the executives of the studios and the workers on the payroll shaded reactions to what was never simply a business decision. As Europe hurtled toward war, a proxy battle waged in Hollywood over how to conduct business with the Nazis, how to cover Hitler and his victims in the newsreels, and whether to address or ignore Nazism in Hollywood feature films. Should Hollywood lie low, or stand tall and sound the alarm? Doherty's history features a cast of charismatic personalities: Carl Laemmle, the German Jewish founder of Universal Pictures, whose production of All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) enraged the nascent Nazi movement; Georg Gyssling, the Nazi consul in Los Angeles, who read the Hollywood trade press as avidly as any studio mogul; Vittorio Mussolini, son of the fascist dictator and aspiring motion picture impresario; Leni Riefenstahl, the Valkyrie goddess of the Third Reich who came to America to peddle distribution rights for Olympia (1938); screenwriters Donald Ogden Stewart and Dorothy Parker, founders of the Hollywood Anti-Nazi League; and Harry and Jack Warner of Warner Bros., who yoked anti-Nazism to patriotic Americanism and finally broke the embargo against anti-Nazi cinema with Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939).

Hitler's American Model

Author : James Q. Whitman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400884632
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler's American Model by : James Q. Whitman

Download or read book Hitler's American Model written by James Q. Whitman and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How American race law provided a blueprint for Nazi Germany Nazism triumphed in Germany during the high era of Jim Crow laws in the United States. Did the American regime of racial oppression in any way inspire the Nazis? The unsettling answer is yes. In Hitler's American Model, James Whitman presents a detailed investigation of the American impact on the notorious Nuremberg Laws, the centerpiece anti-Jewish legislation of the Nazi regime. Contrary to those who have insisted that there was no meaningful connection between American and German racial repression, Whitman demonstrates that the Nazis took a real, sustained, significant, and revealing interest in American race policies. As Whitman shows, the Nuremberg Laws were crafted in an atmosphere of considerable attention to the precedents American race laws had to offer. German praise for American practices, already found in Hitler's Mein Kampf, was continuous throughout the early 1930s, and the most radical Nazi lawyers were eager advocates of the use of American models. But while Jim Crow segregation was one aspect of American law that appealed to Nazi radicals, it was not the most consequential one. Rather, both American citizenship and antimiscegenation laws proved directly relevant to the two principal Nuremberg Laws—the Citizenship Law and the Blood Law. Whitman looks at the ultimate, ugly irony that when Nazis rejected American practices, it was sometimes not because they found them too enlightened, but too harsh. Indelibly linking American race laws to the shaping of Nazi policies in Germany, Hitler's American Model upends understandings of America's influence on racist practices in the wider world.

Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics

Author : Frederic Spotts
Publisher : Harry N. Abrams
ISBN 13 : 9781468316711
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics by : Frederic Spotts

Download or read book Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics written by Frederic Spotts and published by Harry N. Abrams. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available again, the classic, unprecedented look at how the strategies and ideals of the Third Reich were informed by Adolf Hitler's artistic aspirations. "Grimly fascinating . . . A book that will rightly find its place among the central studies of Nazism. . . . Invaluable." --The New York Times

The Plots Against Hitler

Author : Danny Orbach
Publisher : HMH
ISBN 13 : 0544715225
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (447 download)

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Book Synopsis The Plots Against Hitler by : Danny Orbach

Download or read book The Plots Against Hitler written by Danny Orbach and published by HMH. This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first definitive account of the anti-Nazi underground in Germany: “Superb” (Publishers Weekly). In 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany. A year later, all political parties but the Nazis had been outlawed, freedom of the press was but a memory, and Hitler’s dominance seemed complete. Yet over the next few years, an unlikely cadre of conspirators emerged—schoolteachers, politicians, theologians, even a carpenter—who would try repeatedly to end the Führer’s genocidal reign. This dramatic account is history at its most suspenseful, revealing the full story of those noble, ingenious, but ultimately failed efforts. Orbach’s fresh research offers profound new insight into the conspirators’ methods, motivations, fears, and hopes. We’ve had no idea until now how close they came—several times—to succeeding. The Plots Against Hitler fundamentally alters our view of World War II and sheds bright—even redemptive—light on its darkest days. “A riveting narrative of the organization, conspiracy, and sacrifices made by those who led the resistance against Hitler. Orbach deftly analyzes the mixed motives, moral ambiguities and organizational vulnerability that marked their work, while reminding us forcefully of their essential bravery and rightness. And he challenges us to ask whether we would have summoned the same courage.” —Charles S. Maier, professor of history, Harvard University, and author of Among Empires “[A] gripping look at a historical counternarrative that remains relevant and disturbing.” —Kirkus Reviews

Theologians Under Hitler

Author : Robert P. Ericksen
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300038897
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Theologians Under Hitler by : Robert P. Ericksen

Download or read book Theologians Under Hitler written by Robert P. Ericksen and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What led so many German Protestant theologians to welcome the Nazi regime and its policies of racism and anti-Semitism? In this provocative book, Robert P. Ericksen examines the work and attitudes of three distinguished, scholarly, and influential theologians who greeted the rise of Hitler with enthusiasm and support. In so doing, he shows how National Socialism could appeal to well-meaning and intelligent people in Germany and why the German university and church were so silent about the excesses and evil that confronted them. "This book is stimulating and thought-provoking....The issues it raises range well beyond the confines of the case-studies of the three theologians examined and have relevance outside the particular context of Hitler's Germany....That the book compels the reader to rethink some important questions about the susceptibility of intelligent human beings to as distasteful a phenomenon as fascism is an important achievement."--Ian Kershaw, History Today "Ericksen's study...throws light on the kinds of perversion to which Christian beliefs and attitudes are easily susceptible, and is therefore timely and useful." --Gordon D. Kaufman, Los Angeles Times "An understanding and carefully documented study."--Ernst C. Helmreich, American Historical Review "This dark book poses a number of social, economic and cultural questions that one has to answer before condemning Kittel, Althaus and Hirsch."--William Griffin, Publishers Weekly "A highly competent, well written book."--Tim Bradshaw, Churchman

Hitler's Collaborators

Author : Philip Morgan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192507087
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Hitler's Collaborators by : Philip Morgan

Download or read book Hitler's Collaborators written by Philip Morgan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hitler's Collaborators focuses the spotlight on one of the most controversial and uncomfortable aspects of the Nazi wartime occupation of Europe: the citizens of those countries who helped Hitler. Although a widespread phenomenon, this was long ignored in the years after the war, when peoples and governments understandably emphasized popular resistance to Nazi occupation as they sought to reconstruct their devastated economies and societies along anti-fascist and democratic lines. Philip Morgan moves away from the usual suspects, the Quislings who backed Nazi occupation because they were fascists, and focuses instead on the businessmen and civil servants who felt obliged to cooperate with the Nazis. These were the people who faced the most difficult choices and dilemmas by dealing with the various Nazi uthorities and agencies, and who were ultimately responsible for gearing the economies of the occupied territories to the Nazi war effort. It was their choices which had the greatest impact on the lives and livelihoods of their fellow countrymen in the occupied territories, including the deportation of slave-workers to the Reich and hundreds of thousands of European Jews to the death camps in the East. In time, as the fortunes of war shifted so decisively against Germany between 1941 and 1944, these collaborators found themselves trapped by the logic of their initial cooperation with their Nazi overlords — caught up between the demands of an increasingly desperate and extremist occupying power, growing internal resistance to Nazi rule, and the relentlessly advancing Allied armies.