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History Role And Future Of Parole In New York State
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Book Synopsis Discretionary Justice by : Carolyn Strange
Download or read book Discretionary Justice written by Carolyn Strange and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pardon is an act of mercy, tied to the divine right of kings. Why did New York retain this mode of discretionary justice after the Revolution? And how did governors’ use of this prerogative change with the advent of the penitentiary and the introduction of parole? This book answers these questions by mining previously unexplored evidence held in official pardon registers, clemency files, prisoner aid association reports and parole records. This is the first book to analyze the histories of mercy and parole through the same lens, as related but distinct forms of discretionary decision-making. It draws on governors’ public papers and private correspondence to probe their approach to clemency, and it uses qualitative and quantitative methods to profile petitions for mercy, highlighting controversial cases that stirred public debate. Political pressure to render the use of discretion more certain and less personal grew stronger over the nineteenth century, peaking during constitutional conventionsand reaching its height in the Progressive Era. Yet, New York’s legislators left the power to pardon in the governor’s hands, where it remains today. Unlike previous works that portray parole as the successor to the pardon, this book shows that reliance upon and faith in discretion has proven remarkably resilient, even in the state that led the world toward penal modernity.
Book Synopsis The Past, Present, and Future of American Criminal Justice by : Brendan Maguire
Download or read book The Past, Present, and Future of American Criminal Justice written by Brendan Maguire and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1996 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's criminal justice system is the product of adjustments and reappraisals of policies and practices of the past. The Past Present, and Future of American Criminal Justice highlights how criminal justice has changed and how it continues to change.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections by : Joan Petersilia
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections written by Joan Petersilia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is no secret that America's sentencing and corrections systems are in crisis, and neither system can be understood or repaired fully without careful consideration of the other. This handbook examines the intertwined and multi-layered fields of American sentencing and corrections from global and historical viewpoints, from theoretical and policy perspectives, and with close attention to many problem-specific arenas. Editors Joan Petersilia and Kevin R. Reitz, both leaders in their respective fields, bring together a group of preeminent scholars to present state-of-the art research, investigate current practices, and explore the implications of new and varied approaches wherever possible. The handbook's contributors bridge the gap between research and policy across a range of topics including an overview of mass incarceration and its collateral effects, explorations of sentencing theories and their applications, analyses of the full spectrum of correctional options, and first-hand accounts of life inside of and outside of prison. Individual chapters reflect expertise and source materials from multiple fields including criminology, law, sociology, psychology, public policy, economics, political science, and history. Proving that the problems of sentencing and corrections, writ large, cannot be addressed effectively or comprehensively within the confines of any one discipline, The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections is a vital reference volume on these two related and central components of America's ongoing experiment in mass incarceration.
Book Synopsis McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated by : New York (State)
Download or read book McKinney's Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated written by New York (State) and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The New Jim Crow by : Michelle Alexander
Download or read book The New Jim Crow written by Michelle Alexander and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the New York Times’s Best Books of the 21st Century Named one of the most important nonfiction books of the 21st century by Entertainment Weekly‚ Slate‚ Chronicle of Higher Education‚ Literary Hub, Book Riot‚ and Zora A tenth-anniversary edition of the iconic bestseller—"one of the most influential books of the past 20 years," according to the Chronicle of Higher Education—with a new preface by the author "It is in no small part thanks to Alexander's account that civil rights organizations such as Black Lives Matter have focused so much of their energy on the criminal justice system." —Adam Shatz, London Review of Books Seldom does a book have the impact of Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow. Since it was first published in 2010, it has been cited in judicial decisions and has been adopted in campus-wide and community-wide reads; it helped inspire the creation of the Marshall Project and the new $100 million Art for Justice Fund; it has been the winner of numerous prizes, including the prestigious NAACP Image Award; and it has spent nearly 250 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list. Most important of all, it has spawned a whole generation of criminal justice reform activists and organizations motivated by Michelle Alexander's unforgettable argument that "we have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it." As the Birmingham News proclaimed, it is "undoubtedly the most important book published in this century about the U.S." Now, ten years after it was first published, The New Press is proud to issue a tenth-anniversary edition with a new preface by Michelle Alexander that discusses the impact the book has had and the state of the criminal justice reform movement today.
Book Synopsis SNI by : National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)
Download or read book SNI written by National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crime and Justice, Volume 45 by : Michael Tonry
Download or read book Crime and Justice, Volume 45 written by Michael Tonry and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sentencing Policies and Practices in Western Countries: Comparative and Cross-national Perspectives is the forty-fifth addition to the Crime and Justice series. Contributors include Thomas Weigend on criminal sentencing in Germany since 2000; Julian V. Roberts and Andrew Ashworth on the evolution of sentencing policy and practice in England and Wales from 2003 to 2015; Jacqueline Hodgson and Laurène Soubise on understanding the sentencing process in France; Anthony N. Doob and Cheryl Marie Webster on Canadian sentencing policy in the twenty-first century; Arie Freiberg on Australian sentencing policies and practices; Krzysztof Krajewski on sentencing in Poland; Alessandro Corda on Italian policies; Michael Tonry on American sentencing; and Tapio Lappi-Seppälä on penal policy and sentencing in the Nordic countries.
Book Synopsis The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System by : National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Download or read book The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System written by National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alternatives to Institutionalization by : Marjorie Kravitz
Download or read book Alternatives to Institutionalization written by Marjorie Kravitz and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Report of the New York State Commission of Correction by : New York (State). State Commission of Correction
Download or read book Annual Report of the New York State Commission of Correction written by New York (State). State Commission of Correction and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tables.
Book Synopsis Crime and Criminal Justice in American Society by : Randall G. Shelden
Download or read book Crime and Criminal Justice in American Society written by Randall G. Shelden and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s headlines vividly illustrate the importance of understanding aspects of the criminal justice system too often ignored. While the second edition of Crime and Criminal Justice in American Society includes the most recent statistics on the police, courts, and corrections, its provocative, current examples also spur critical thinking about justice in the United States. The authors offer an alternative interpretation of criminal justice rarely presented in traditional textbooks or by the media. They encourage readers to examine their beliefs about crime, punishment, and the law. Discussions in the chapters about how African Americans, Hispanics, whites, women, juveniles, the rich, and the poor experience crime and the criminal justice system contribute context for understanding different viewpoints. The poor and minorities are the most likely to be caught in the net of criminal justice—but inequities have consequences for everyone. Reflection on various perspectives provides helpful input for assessing attitudes and for becoming actively involved with issues that have significant consequences. Eighteen thoroughly revised chapters present historical backgrounds, theories, and emerging issues. New to the second edition is a chapter on veterans involved in the criminal justice system. Affordable, succinct, and engaging, this textbook presents the key concepts of the criminal justice system at less than half the cost of many competing textbooks.
Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice Practical Application Workbook by : Barry S. McCrary Sr.
Download or read book Juvenile Justice Practical Application Workbook written by Barry S. McCrary Sr. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this juvenile justice workbook is to explore the current challenges in meeting the social developmental needs for youth in the juvenile justice system. This workbook will explore strategies for addressing these challenges at a policy and practice level. The attempt to improve social developmental needs requires the promotion of a practical application outlook for juvenile justice students and workers to provide a service to manage behaviors, along with learning about the offender in order to manage and address specific needs. The purposes of this workbook will be (1) to examine the current juvenile justice practices by which juvenile justice workers provide services and (2) to study core case procedures that juvenile justice workers are using to meet youth offender's needs, and (3) to analyze those practices that exist for juvenile justice worker to meet social developmental needs.
Book Synopsis Correctional Boot Camps: by : Doris L. MacKenzie
Download or read book Correctional Boot Camps: written by Doris L. MacKenzie and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2004-02-20 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boot camps have developed over the past two decades into a program that incorporates a military regimen to create a structured environment. While some critics of this method of corrections suggest that the confrontational nature of the program is antithetical to treatment, authors Doris Layton MacKenzie and Gaylene Styve Armstrong present research knowledge and personal discussions with community leaders that offer insight into both the strengths and weaknesses of this controversial form of corrections. Correctional Boot Camps: Military Basic Training or a Model for Corrections? provides the most up-to-date assessment of the major perspectives and issues related to the current state of boot camps. The book goes beyond cursory examinations of the effectiveness of boot camps, presenting an in-depth view of a greater variety of issues. Correctional Boot Camps examines empirical evidence on boot camps drawn from diverse sources including male, female, juvenile, and adult programs from across the nation. The book explores empirical research on both the punitive and rehabilitative components of the boot camp model and the effectiveness of the "tough on crime" aspects of the programs that are often thought of as punishment or retribution, in lieu of a longer sentence in a traditional facility. Thus, offenders earn their way back to the general public more quickly because they have paid their debt to society by being punished in a short-term, but strict, boot camp. Correctional Boot Camps is a comprehensive textbook for undergraduate and graduate students studying corrections and juvenile justice. The book is also a valuable resource for correctional professionals interacting with offenders.
Book Synopsis Corporate Social Irresponsibility by : Paula Alexander
Download or read book Corporate Social Irresponsibility written by Paula Alexander and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate Social Irresponsibility focuses on ethical failures in order to relate corporate responsibility to business ethics, corporate governance, and organization effectiveness. The book advocates a strategic approach to CSR – ethical management cannot, and should not, be divorced from effective management. Corporate social responsibility has transitioned from oxymoron into a defining challenge of the twenty first century. Taking the recent financial crisis as a starting point, Alexander examines the underlying ethical and legal crises these events expose in the business world. The problems that have come to light go beyond issues of firm financial performance into the integrity of the manufacturing and marketing processes, and relations with consumers. As such, the book presents a model that resolves the apparent conflict between maximizing shareholder value, and meeting the interests of other firm stakeholders. Alexander presents a balanced view, contrasting her model with alternative approaches. The book also covers the impact of globalization on management, the ethics of outsourcing, the limits of regulation, as well as poverty alleviation and social entrepreneurship. Blending a comprehensive theoretical framework with a broad range of cases, this book covers the latest major changes in US legislation, as well as recent corporate scandals making it a valuable accompaniment to any course in CSR, business ethics, or business, government and society.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Community Corrections by : Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Community Corrections written by Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to recognition in the late 1960s and early 1970s that traditional incarceration was not working, alternatives to standard prison settings were sought and developed. One of those alternatives—community-based corrections—had been conceived in the 1950s as a system that might prove more progressive, humane, and effective, particularly with people who had committed less serious criminal offenses and for whom incarceration, with constant exposure to serious offenders and career criminals, might prove more damaging than rehabilitative. The alternative of community corrections has evolved to become a substantial part of the criminal justice and correctional system, spurred in recent years not so much by a progressive, humane philosophy as by dramatically increasing prison populations, court orders to "fix" overextended prison settings, and an economic search for cost savings. Although community correction programs have been in place for some 40 years now, to date no comprehensive reference resource has tackled this topic. Accessible and jargon-free and available in both print and electronic formats, the one-volume Encyclopedia of Community Corrections will explore all aspects of community corrections, from its philosophical foundation to its current inception. Features & Benefits: 150 signed entries (each with Cross References and Further Readings) are organized in A-to-Z fashion to give students easy access to the full range of topics in community corrections. A thematic Reader's Guide in the front matter groups entries by broad topical or thematic areas to make it easy for users to find related entries at a glance. In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide combines with a detailed Index and the Cross References to provide users with convenient search-and-browse capacities. A Chronology in the back matter helps students put individual events into broader historical context. A Glossary provides students with concise definitions to key terms in the field. A Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and web sites (along with the Further Readings accompanying each entry) guides students to further resources in their research journeys. An Appendix offers statistics from the Bureau of Justice.
Book Synopsis A Wall Is Just a Wall by : Reiko Hillyer
Download or read book A Wall Is Just a Wall written by Reiko Hillyer and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-05 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the twentieth century, even the harshest prison systems in the United States were rather porous. Incarcerated people were regularly released from prison for Christmas holidays; the wives of incarcerated men could visit for seventy-two hours relatively unsupervised; and governors routinely commuted the sentences of people convicted of murder. By the 1990s, these practices had become rarer as politicians and the media—in contrast to corrections officials—described the public as potential victims who required constant protection against the threat of violence. In A Wall Is Just a Wall Reiko Hillyer focuses on gubernatorial clemency, furlough, and conjugal visits to examine the origins and decline of practices that allowed incarcerated people to transcend prison boundaries. Illuminating prisoners’ lived experiences as they suffered, critiqued, survived, and resisted changing penal practices, she shows that the current impermeability of the prison is a recent, uneven, and contested phenomenon. By tracking the “thickening” of prison walls, Hillyer historicizes changing ideas of risk, the growing bipartisan acceptance of permanent exile and fixing the convicted at the moment of their crime as a form of punishment, and prisoners’ efforts to resist.
Download or read book Merit written by and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: