Highly Efficient Methods For Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques Results And Implications Selection And Management Of Rubber Curatives

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Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications

Author : Dr Ali Ansarifar
Publisher : Balboa Press
ISBN 13 : 1982285052
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications by : Dr Ali Ansarifar

Download or read book Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications written by Dr Ali Ansarifar and published by Balboa Press. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, two new methods are described and supported by extensive experimental results that measure the amounts of a sulfur-donor thiuram accelerator and a sulfenamide thiazole accelerator needed to provide monomolecular coverage of zinc oxide. These methods use zinc oxide with only one accelerator and no stearic acid to produce two single additives, that can efficiently cure rubber, despite using fewer chemicals. This is a departure from the past when efficiency in sulfur vulcanization was achieved by using a high volume of these chemicals. A few sulfur-donor accelerators that exist produce highly toxic nitrosamines during high-temperature mixing and curing. When safer accelerators are on hand to treat the zinc oxide, a suitable single additive will be available to replace the current sulfur cure systems in industrial rubber formulations. This will bring huge benefits to the manufacturers and users of these chemicals. It is preferable to use zinc oxide to determine the precise amount of the accelerator required for a satisfactory cure rather than relying on outdated methods that need to be modified. A software is also developed to help with the selection and management of zinc oxide and the accelerators for the sulfur vulcanization. Green rubber products are within reach.

Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications: Selection and Management of Rubber Curatives

Download Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications: Selection and Management of Rubber Curatives PDF Online Free

Author : Ali Ansarifar
Publisher : Balboa Press UK
ISBN 13 : 9781982285043
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications: Selection and Management of Rubber Curatives by : Ali Ansarifar

Download or read book Highly Efficient Methods for Sulfur Vulcanization Techniques, Results and Implications: Selection and Management of Rubber Curatives written by Ali Ansarifar and published by Balboa Press UK. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, two new methods are described and supported by extensive experimental results that measure the amounts of a sulfur-donor thiuram accelerator and a sulfenamide thiazole accelerator needed to provide monomolecular coverage of zinc oxide. These methods use zinc oxide with only one accelerator and no stearic acid to produce two single additives, that can efficiently cure rubber, despite using fewer chemicals. This is a departure from the past when efficiency in sulfur vulcanization was achieved by using a high volume of these chemicals. A few sulfur-donor accelerators that exist produce highly toxic nitrosamines during high-temperature mixing and curing. When safer accelerators are on hand to treat the zinc oxide, a suitable single additive will be available to replace the current sulfur cure systems in industrial rubber formulations. This will bring huge benefits to the manufacturers and users of these chemicals. It is preferable to use zinc oxide to determine the precise amount of the accelerator required for a satisfactory cure rather than relying on outdated methods that need to be modified. A software is also developed to help with the selection and management of zinc oxide and the accelerators for the sulfur vulcanization. Green rubber products are within reach.

Rubber Curing Systems

Author : R. N. Datta
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1859573266
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (595 download)

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Book Synopsis Rubber Curing Systems by : R. N. Datta

Download or read book Rubber Curing Systems written by R. N. Datta and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review discusses the different types of curing systems available today for different rubber types, including natural rubber, SBR, NBR, BR, IIR, CR, XIIR and EPDM. The uses of primary and secondary accelerators, prevulcanisation inhibitors (PVIs) and antireversion chemicals are outlined.Typical rubber formulations for applications in industrial rubber products and tyres are given. Cure systems are described and compared with extensive tables of data on formulae and compound properties. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.

Rubber Curing and Properties

Author : Jean-Maurice Vergnaud
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420085239
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Rubber Curing and Properties by : Jean-Maurice Vergnaud

Download or read book Rubber Curing and Properties written by Jean-Maurice Vergnaud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring the work one of the world's foremost authorities on rubber curing, this uniquely comprehensive resource provides valuable data that will allow researchers and engineers to find solutions to their own curing problems. It delves into a variety of current evaluation practices for unvulcanized and vulcanized rubber and curing methods, i

Effect of Efficiency of Sulfur Vulcanization on Properties of Gum and Black-filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Author : Kanoktip Boonkerd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Efficiency of Sulfur Vulcanization on Properties of Gum and Black-filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates by : Kanoktip Boonkerd

Download or read book Effect of Efficiency of Sulfur Vulcanization on Properties of Gum and Black-filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates written by Kanoktip Boonkerd and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The effect of the efficiency of sulfur vulcanization on cure behavior and tensile strength of gum and black-filled NR vulcanizates was studied. NR vulcanizates with different sulfur to accelerator (DCBS) ratios were prepared. In addition, one vulcanizate was prepared using TMTD, without free sulfur. All vulcanizates had about the same crosslink density. The vulcanizate cured with the highest S/DCBS ratio (lowest cure efficiency) is expected to contain mainly polysulfidic linkages, while the vulcanizate cured with TMTD (highest cure efficiency) should contain monosulfidic linkages. For both gum and black-filled compounds, reversion was highest at intermediate S/DCBS ratios, and compounds with the highest ratio had the lowest tensile strength. Crystallizability is proposed to control the strength of the NR vulcanizates, rather than just the type of sulfidic linkages. Adding carbon black caused more reversion. Cure efficiency strongly influenced the tensile strength of pre-cut gum specimens. The gum vulcanizate with the highest cure efficiency had the highest cut growth resistance. Gums also showed a large drop in strength at a critical cut size, ccr, which increased with increasing cure efficiency. Cure efficiency had less effect on the cut growth resistance of filled compounds. No ccr was found in these. However, the black-filled compound with the highest cure efficiency still showed the highest strength. Gums showed simple lateral crack propagation, while black-filled compounds developed longitudinal cracks. Carbon black accelerates strain-induced crystallization, resulting in sufficient anisotropy to cause longitudinal cracking. Five different crack patterns were identified. These depended on cut size and efficiency of cure."--Abstract

A Study of Some Recent Methods for the Determination of Total Sulphur in Rubber

Author : John Betley Tuttle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis A Study of Some Recent Methods for the Determination of Total Sulphur in Rubber by : John Betley Tuttle

Download or read book A Study of Some Recent Methods for the Determination of Total Sulphur in Rubber written by John Betley Tuttle and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemistry and Physics of Vulcanization

Author : American Chemical Society. Rubber Division. Meeting
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry and Physics of Vulcanization by : American Chemical Society. Rubber Division. Meeting

Download or read book Chemistry and Physics of Vulcanization written by American Chemical Society. Rubber Division. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Preparation & Vulcanisation of Plantation Para Rubber

Author : Bertie James Eaton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Preparation & Vulcanisation of Plantation Para Rubber by : Bertie James Eaton

Download or read book The Preparation & Vulcanisation of Plantation Para Rubber written by Bertie James Eaton and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Santocure

Author : Monsanto Chemical Company. Rubber Service Department
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (761 download)

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Book Synopsis Santocure by : Monsanto Chemical Company. Rubber Service Department

Download or read book Santocure written by Monsanto Chemical Company. Rubber Service Department and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemical Tests for Raw and Vulcanized Rubber. Method for Determination of Sulfide Sulfur Content

Author : British Standards Institute Staff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780580259012
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Tests for Raw and Vulcanized Rubber. Method for Determination of Sulfide Sulfur Content by : British Standards Institute Staff

Download or read book Chemical Tests for Raw and Vulcanized Rubber. Method for Determination of Sulfide Sulfur Content written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1996-06-15 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vulcanized rubber, Vulcanized materials, Natural rubber, Synthetic rubber, Plastics and rubber technology, Determination of content, Sulfur, Chemical analysis and testing, Testing conditions, Volumetric analysis, Test equipment, Specimen preparation, Solvent extraction methods, Iodometry, Sulfides, Sulfur inorganic compounds

Heat Transfer and Vulcanisation of Rubber

Author : D. A. Hills
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Heat Transfer and Vulcanisation of Rubber by : D. A. Hills

Download or read book Heat Transfer and Vulcanisation of Rubber written by D. A. Hills and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Partitioning of Curatives Between Phases and the Vulcanization of Rubber Blends

Author : Robert David Wiggett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Partitioning of Curatives Between Phases and the Vulcanization of Rubber Blends by : Robert David Wiggett

Download or read book The Partitioning of Curatives Between Phases and the Vulcanization of Rubber Blends written by Robert David Wiggett and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Effect of Organic Accelerators on the Sulfur Vulcanization of Brominated Ethylene Propylene Rubber

Author : A. A. Dontsov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Organic Accelerators on the Sulfur Vulcanization of Brominated Ethylene Propylene Rubber by : A. A. Dontsov

Download or read book Effect of Organic Accelerators on the Sulfur Vulcanization of Brominated Ethylene Propylene Rubber written by A. A. Dontsov and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was made of the kinetics involved in splitting off of bound bromine, the attachment of accelerator sulfur and elemental sulfur, and also cross linking during heating of brominated ethylene-propylene rubber with sulfur-vulcanization accelerators - mercaptobenzothiazoles, dibenzothiazyl disulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate both with and without elemental sulfur. During sulfur vulcanization of brominated ethylene-propylene rubber the accelerators react in two directions.

Vulcanization of Rubber Using Glutaraldehyde

Author : Jobish Johns
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659437915
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Vulcanization of Rubber Using Glutaraldehyde by : Jobish Johns

Download or read book Vulcanization of Rubber Using Glutaraldehyde written by Jobish Johns and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel and inexpensive method for vulcanizing natural rubber by using Glutaraldehyde was introduced. Crosslinking reaction was occurred only in the presence of ammonium hydroxide in natural rubber latex upon the addition of Glutaraldehyde. The multifunctional performance of Glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker for natural rubber and also the protein immobilization behavior make it an attractive choice towards engineering and bio-medical applications. Compared to sulfur and peroxide vulcanization, crosslinking by glutaraldehyde is a simple and inexpensive method. A Fully interpenetrating polymer network based on natural rubber and poly (vinyl alcohol) was also prepared by using glutaraldehyde as the common crosslinking agent. A remarkable improvement was observed in the physical properties of the blend by the formation of IPN. Formation of interlocked molecular chain structure diminishes the area at the interfaces and consequently it reduces the interfacial polarization and hence the dielectric constant values are low.

Organic Accelerators in the Vulcanization of Rubber

Author : Grigoriĭ Abramovich Blokh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Accelerators in the Vulcanization of Rubber by : Grigoriĭ Abramovich Blokh

Download or read book Organic Accelerators in the Vulcanization of Rubber written by Grigoriĭ Abramovich Blokh and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Verification of a Model of Sulfur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Based on Comparison of Bond Energies of Nodes of Vulcanizate Network Determined by Different Methods

Download Verification of a Model of Sulfur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Based on Comparison of Bond Energies of Nodes of Vulcanizate Network Determined by Different Methods PDF Online Free

Author : B. Jurkowska
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Verification of a Model of Sulfur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Based on Comparison of Bond Energies of Nodes of Vulcanizate Network Determined by Different Methods by : B. Jurkowska

Download or read book Verification of a Model of Sulfur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber Based on Comparison of Bond Energies of Nodes of Vulcanizate Network Determined by Different Methods written by B. Jurkowska and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products

Author : Saikat Das Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849373166
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

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Book Synopsis Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products by : Saikat Das Gupta

Download or read book Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products written by Saikat Das Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reverse engineering is widely practiced in the rubber industry. Companies routinely analyze competitors’ products to gather information about specifications or compositions. In a competitive market, introducing new products with better features and at a faster pace is critical for any manufacturer. Reverse Engineering of Rubber Products: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques explains the principles and science behind rubber formulation development by reverse engineering methods. The book describes the tools and analytical techniques used to discover which materials and processes were used to produce a particular vulcanized rubber compound from a combination of raw rubber, chemicals, and pigments. A Compendium of Chemical, Analytical, and Physical Test Methods Organized into five chapters, the book first reviews the construction of compounding ingredients and formulations, from elastomers, fillers, and protective agents to vulcanizing chemicals and processing aids. It then discusses chemical and analytical methods, including infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, chromatography, and microscopy. It also examines physical test methods for visco-elastic behavior, heat aging, hardness, and other features. A chapter presents important reverse engineering concepts. In addition, the book includes a wide variety of case studies of formula reconstruction, covering large products such as tires and belts as well as smaller products like seals and hoses. Get Practical Insights on Reverse Engineering from the Book’s Case Studies Combining scientific principles and practical advice, this book brings together helpful insights on reverse engineering in the rubber industry. It is an invaluable reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers who want to produce comparative benchmark information, discover formulations used throughout the industry, improve product performance, and shorten the product development cycle.