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High Throughput Phenotypic Evaluation Of Drought Related Traits In Soybean
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Book Synopsis High Throughput Phenotypic Evaluation of Drought-related Traits in Soybean by : Hua Bai
Download or read book High Throughput Phenotypic Evaluation of Drought-related Traits in Soybean written by Hua Bai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought limits crop growth and yield in soybean. Rapid and effective methods of screening large numbers of soybean lines for drought tolerance are urgently needed. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of drought in soybean during reproductive stages. In the first experiment five genotypes from maturity groups 2 through 5 were tested under well-irrigated and drought conditions. Beginning at R5, leaf samples were taken for nitrogen concentration analysis. Pictures were taken across the top of each plot to determine the intensity of greenness using the Dark Green Color Index (DGCI). Aerial photographs were also taken to determine aerial DGCI values. Leaf nitrogen concentration decreased as plants approached maturity and was closely related to ground DGCI. Additionally, ground DGCI and aerial DGCI values followed similar trends. The aerial DGCI measurements had advantages over ground DGCI measurements in that it allowed discernment between both water treatments. This opens up the possibility of using aerial DGCI to screen genotypes that senesce more slowly under drought. In the second experiment, the effects of drought in soybean were evaluated by aerial infrared image analysis, carbon isotope discrimination (Delta 13C) and oxygen isotope composition (delta 18O). Five fast-and five slow-wilting genotypes derived from a cross of Benning × PI416937 were evaluated under three water treatments that included a full and two deficit-irrigation treatments of increasing severity (deficit 1, and 2). After canopy closure, aerial infrared images were taken to determine the relative canopy temperature. Soybean leaves sampled at late R5 and seed at harvest were collected to measure Delta 13C (leaf and seed) and delta 18O (seed) as surrogate measurements for water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration, respectively. As water availability decreased, the Delta 13C values from leaf and seed generally decreased (i.e., higher WUE). In contrast, the delta 18O values and relative canopy temperature generally increased with increasing drought stress. Moreover, slow-wilting genotypes generally had lower Delta 13C, delta 18O and canopy temperature than fast-wilting genotypes. However, delta 18O values were not consistent over years. The results from these two experiments indicate that the determination of DGCI, Delta 13C, and canopy temperature were promising tools for rapid characterization of drought-related traits in soybean.
Book Synopsis Genetics of Physiological Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance in Soybean (glycine Max) by : Sumandeep Kaur Bazzer
Download or read book Genetics of Physiological Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance in Soybean (glycine Max) written by Sumandeep Kaur Bazzer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the major row crops in the United States, and its production is often limited by drought stress. Physiological traits from exotic germplasm that confer drought tolerance may be useful in improving commercial soybean production. For example, carbon isotope ratio (?13C) is positively correlated with water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen isotope ratio (?15N) is negatively correlated with N2 fixation; canopy temperature (CT) is an indicator for genetic variation in transpiration and stomatal conductance. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to identify the genomic regions associated with: (1) ?13C and ?15N using a population of 196 F6-derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from PI 416997 × PI 567201D that was phenotyped in four environments, (2) CT and ?13C using a population of 168 F5-derived RILs from KS4895 × Jackson that was phenotyped in multiple environments and irrigation treatments. In the PI 416997 × PI 567201D population, ?13C and ?15N had a wide phenotypic range in all environments, and PI 416997 had higher ?13C and lower ?15N values than PI 567201D. ?13C had high heritability (90%) whereas the heritability of ?15N was relatively lower (35%), indicating that ?15N was more affected by the environment. QTL mapping identified eight loci on seven chromosomes associated with ?13C, and these loci explained between 2.5 to 30% of the phenotypic variation. There were 13 loci on 10 chromosomes associated with ?15N, explaining 1.7 to 14.4% of the phenotypic variation. There were strong interactions between QTLs and environments for ?15N. In the KS4895 × Jackson RIL population, Jackson had a cooler canopy than KS4895, and the heritability of CT had low heritability (31%) across environments. There were 11 loci present on eight chromosomes associated with CT that individually explained 4.6 to 12.3% of the phenotypic variation. The heritability of ?13C in KS4895 × Jackson RIL population heritability was 83% when estimated over environments and over irrigation treatments. A total of 24 QTLs associated with ?13C were identified and clustered in nine genomic loci on seven chromosomes. The identified QTLs for ?13C, ?15N, and CT were co-localized with genomic regions associated with drought tolerance-related traits from previous studies. These genomic regions may be important resources in soybean breeding programs to improve tolerance to drought. Further research is needed to fine map the identified QTLs and validate markers linked with these regions.
Book Synopsis Investigations Into Using Vegetative Indices in Soybean Breeding by : Randi R. Clark
Download or read book Investigations Into Using Vegetative Indices in Soybean Breeding written by Randi R. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yield in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) needs to dramatically increase across the world to feed the growing population. Remote sensing and high-throughput phenotyping may provide a tool to better phenotype soybean genotypes. This research was conducted to: 1) examine the relationships between NDVI and CT with seed yield, maturity, lodging, and height, 2) determine if the time of day and growth stage have an effect on the spectral readings, 3) examine the relationships between spectral reflectance and traits associated with drought tolerance, and 4) evaluate how weather variables impact the ability of vegetative indices and canopy temperature to detect differences among genotypes. Ninety genotypes from the mapping population derived from the cross between KS4895 x Jackson were evaluated in Manhattan, KS, in 2013 and in McCune, Pittsburg, and Salina, KS in 2014. Genotypes were planted in a randomized complete bloc design in four-row, 3.4m long plots spaced 76 cm apart. Plant height, lodging, maturity and seed yield was collected on the center two rows of each plot. Spectral readings used to calculate a normalized differential vegetative index (NDVI) and canopy temperature (CT) were taken during reproductive growth. Nitrogen fixation trait and drought tolerance data was collected by the University of Arkansas. This population exhibited a substantial genetic variation for all traits evaluated. Correlations of NDVI and CT entry means with the agronomic traits were small and inconsistent. Time of day and growth stage were not important in differentiating genotypes. Differences in NDVI and CT did account for some genetic variation in drought tolerance traits, however, the strength of the associations were small. None of the weather variables were consistently associated with an increase or decrease in entry or error variance across the four environments. Stronger associations need to be established to use NDVI or CT to characterize differences in genotypes in a plant breeding program.
Book Synopsis Drought Adaptation in Cereals by : Jean-Marcel Ribaut
Download or read book Drought Adaptation in Cereals written by Jean-Marcel Ribaut and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-08 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to best improve yield in cereal plants—even in dry conditions The impact of drought on crop production can be economically devastating. Drought Adaptation in Cereals provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on the tolerance of cereal crops to water-limited conditions. Renowned experts extensively describe basic concepts and cutting-edge research results to clearly reveal all facets of drought adaptation in cereals. More than simply a fine reference for plant biology and plant improvement under water-limited conditions, this book spotlights the most relevant biological approaches from plant phenotyping to functional genomics. The need to understand plant response to the lack of water is integral to forming strategies to best manage crops. Drought Adaptation in Cereals starts by offering an overview of the biological basis and defines the adaptive mechanisms found in plants under water-limited conditions. Different approaches are presented to provide understanding of plant genetics basics and plant breeding, including phenotyping, physiology, and biotechnology. The book details drought adaptation mechanisms at the cellular, organ, and entire plant levels, focusing on plant metabolism and gene functions. This resource is extensively referenced and contains tables, charts, and figures to clearly present data and enhance understanding. After a foreword by J. O'Toole and a prologue by A. Blum, Drought Adaptation in Cereals presents a full spectrum of informative topics from other internationally respected scientists. These include: drought’s economic impact (P. Heisey) genotype-by-environment interactions (M. Cooper) secondary traits for drought adaptation (P. Monneveux) leaf growth (F. Tardieu) carbon isotope discrimination (T. Condon) drought adaptation in barley (M. Sorrells), maize (M. Sawkins), rice (R. Lafitte), sorghum (A. Borrell) and wheat (M. Reynolds) carbohydrate metabolism (A. Tiessen) the role of abscisic acid (T. Setter) protection mechanisms and stress proteins (L. Mtwisha) genetic basis of ion homeostasis and water deficit (H. Bohnert) transcriptional factors (K. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki) resurrection plants (D. Bartels) Drought Adaptation in Cereals is a unique, vital reference for scientists, educators, and students in plant biology, agronomy, and natural resources management.
Book Synopsis A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen Relationships by : James E. Board
Download or read book A Comprehensive Survey of International Soybean Research - Genetics, Physiology, Agronomy and Nitrogen Relationships written by James E. Board and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean is the most important oilseed and livestock feed crop in the world. These dual uses are attributed to the crop's high protein content (nearly 40% of seed weight) and oil content (approximately 20%); characteristics that are not rivaled by any other agronomic crop. Across the 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, world soybean production increased from 168 to 258 million metric tons (54% increase). Against the backdrop of soybean's striking ascendancy is increased research interest in the crop throughout the world. Information in this book presents a comprehensive view of research efforts in genetics, plant physiology, agronomy, agricultural economics, and nitrogen relationships that will benefit soybean stakeholders and scientists throughout the world. We hope you enjoy the book.
Download or read book Crop Physiology written by Victor Sadras and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From climate change to farming systems to genetic modification of organisms, Crop Physiology, Second Edition provides a practical tool for understanding the relationships and challenges of successful cropping. With a focus on genetic improvement and agronomy, this book addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. The second edition of Crop Physiology continues to provide a unique analysis of these topics while reflecting important changes and advances in the relevant science and implementation systems. Contemporary agriculture confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against the background of soil and water scarcity, worldwide and regional shifts in the patterns of land use driven by both climate change and the need to develop crop-based sources of energy, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability. Provides a view of crop physiology as an active source of methods, theories, ideas, and tools for application in genetic improvement and agronomy Written by leading scientists from around the world Combines environment-specific cropping systems and general principles of crop science to appeal to advanced students, and scientists in agriculture-related disciplines, from molecular sciences to natural resources management
Book Synopsis Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2 by : Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Download or read book Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2 written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is one of the most severe constraints to crop productivity worldwide, and thus it has become a major concern for global food security. Due to an increasing world population, droughts could lead to serious food shortages by 2050. The situation may worsen due to predicated climatic changes that may increase the frequency, duration and severity of droughts. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the complex mechanisms associated with drought tolerance and to develop modern crop varieties that are more resilient to drought. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in plants will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that could enable crop plants to respond to drought. The discovery of novel drought related genes, the analysis of their expression patterns in response to drought, and determination of the functions these genes play in drought adaptation will provide a base to develop effective strategies to enhance the drought tolerance of crop plants. Plant breeding efforts to increase crop yields in dry environments have been slow to date mainly due to our poor understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in how plants respond to drought. In addition, when it comes to combining favourable alleles, there are practical obstacles to developing superior high yielding genotypes fit for drought prone environments. Drought Tolerance in Plants, Vol 2: Molecular and Genetic Perspectives combines novel topical findings, regarding the major molecular and genetic events associated with drought tolerance, with contemporary crop improvement approaches. This volume is unique as it makes available for its readers not only extensive reports of existing facts and data, but also practical knowledge and overviews of state-of-the-art technologies, across the biological fields, from plant breeding using classical and molecular genetic information, to the modern omic technologies, that are now being used in drought tolerance research to breed drought-related traits into modern crop varieties. This book is useful for teachers and researchers in the fields of plant breeding, molecular biology and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization by : A.G. Norman
Download or read book Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization written by A.G. Norman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean Physiology, Agronomy, and Utilization attempts to cover and treat in logical sequence the factors that contribute to the potential and versatility of soybeans. The soybean is a major crop plant in the United States. Based on the utilization of the bean, or products therefrom, a substantial soybean industry has also developed. Its uses, agricultural and industrial, primarily depend on the high content of both protein (ca. 40%) and oil (ca. 20%) in the bean. The book begins by discussing soybean production in the United States and worldwide; the uses and economics of soybean products; and the soybean in physiological research. It explains the growth and development of soybeans. It discusses the physiological processes responsible for assimilating the plant body from the environment, namely photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and nitrate reduction. Subsequent chapters examine the impact of environmental variables—such as light, temperature, water, wind, and pests—on soybean plant characteristics as well as soybean breeding, production, processing, and utilization.
Book Synopsis Soybean Breeding by : Felipe Lopes da Silva
Download or read book Soybean Breeding written by Felipe Lopes da Silva and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-10 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written by soybean experts to cluster in a single publication the most relevant and modern topics in soybean breeding. It is geared mainly to students and soybean breeders around the world. It is unique since it presents the challenges and opportunities faced by soybean breeders outside the temperate world.
Download or read book Crop Ecology written by David J. Connor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food security and environmental conservation are two of the greatest challenges facing the world today. It is predicted that food production must increase by at least 70% before 2050 to support continued population growth, though the size of the world's agricultural area will remain essentially unchanged. This updated and thoroughly revised second edition provides in-depth coverage of the impact of environmental conditions and management on crops, resource requirements for productivity and effects on soil resources. The approach is explanatory and integrative, with a firm basis in environmental physics, soils, physiology and morphology. System concepts are explored in detail throughout the book, giving emphasis to quantitative approaches, management strategies and tactics employed by farmers, and associated environmental issues. Drawing on key examples and highlighting the role of science, technology and economic conditions in determining management strategies, this book is suitable for agriculturalists, ecologists and environmental scientists.
Book Synopsis High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping by : Jianfeng Zhou
Download or read book High-Throughput Crop Phenotyping written by Jianfeng Zhou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the innovations in crop phenotyping using emerging technologies, i.e., high-throughput crop phenotyping technology, including its concept, importance, breakthrough and applications in different crops and environments. Emerging technologies in sensing, machine vision and high-performance computing are changing the world beyond our imagination. They are also becoming the most powerful driver of the innovation in agriculture technology, including crop breeding, genetics and management. It includes the state of the art of technologies in high-throughput phenotyping, including advanced sensors, automation systems, ground-based or aerial robotic systems. It also discusses the emerging technologies of big data processing and analytics, such as advanced machine learning and deep learning technologies based on high-performance computing infrastructure. The applications cover different organ levels (root, shoot and seed) of different crops (grains, soybean, maize, potato) at different growth environments (open field and controlled environments). With the contribution of more than 20 world-leading researchers in high-throughput crop phenotyping, the authors hope this book provides readers the needed information to understand the concept, gain the insides and create the innovation of high-throughput phenotyping technology.
Book Synopsis The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants by : Leslie Godell Paleg
Download or read book The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants written by Leslie Godell Paleg and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Molecular Breeding Toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops by : Matthew A. Jenks
Download or read book Advances in Molecular Breeding Toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops written by Matthew A. Jenks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With near-comprehensive coverage of new advances in crop breeding for drought and salinity stress tolerance, this timely work seeks to integrate the most recent findings about key biological determinants of plant stress tolerance with modern crop improvement strategies. This volume is unique because is provides exceptionally wide coverage of current knowledge and expertise being applied in drought and salt tolerance research.
Book Synopsis Plant Aquaporins by : François Chaumont
Download or read book Plant Aquaporins written by François Chaumont and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the diffusion of water and small uncharged solutes across cellular membranes. Plant aquaporins form a large family of highly divergent proteins that are involved in many different physiological processes. This book will summarize the recent advances regarding plant aquaporins, their phylogeny, structure, substrate specificity, mechanisms of regulation and roles in various important physiological processes related to the control of water flow and small solute distribution at the cell, tissue and plant level in an ever-changing environment.
Book Synopsis The Chickpea Genome by : Rajeev K. Varshney
Download or read book The Chickpea Genome written by Rajeev K. Varshney and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds new light on the chickpea genome sequencing and resequencing of chickpea germplasm lines and provides insights into classical genetics, cytogenetics, and trait mapping. It also offers an overview of the latest advances in genome sequencing and analysis. The growing human population, rapid climate changes and limited amounts of arable land are creating substantial challenges in connection with the availability and affordability of nutritious food for smallholder farmers in developing countries. In this context, climate smart crops are essential to alleviating the hunger of the millions of poor and undernourished people living in developing countries. In addition to cereals, grain legumes are an integral part of the human diet and provide sustainable income for smallholder farmers in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Among grain legumes, the chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is the second most important in terms of production and productivity. Besides being a rich source of proteins, it can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with rhizobia and increase the input of combined nitrogen. Several abiotic stresses like drought, heat, salinity, together with biotic stresses like Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, and Botrytis grey mould have led to production losses, as the chickpeas is typically grown in the harsh climates of our planet’s semi-arid regions.
Book Synopsis Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies by : B. Venkateswarlu
Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Book Synopsis Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice by : Philippe Monneveux
Download or read book Drought phenotyping in crops: From theory to practice written by Philippe Monneveux and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.
