High Resolution Interpolation Of Climate Scenerios For The Conterminous Usa And Alaska Derived From General Circulation Model Simulations

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High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations by :

Download or read book High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Projections of future climate were selected for four well-established general circulation models (GCM) forced by each of three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios, namely A2, A1B, and B1 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Monthly data for the period 1961-2100 were downloaded mainly from the web portal of Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 3) of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and subsets of data covering North America were extracted. Climate variables included monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, incident surface solar radiation, wind speed, and specific humidity. All variables were expressed as changes relative to the simulated monthly means for 1961-1990, which corrected for GCM bias in reproducing past climate and allowed future projected trends to be compared directly. The downscaling procedure used the ANUSPLIN software package to fit a two-dimensional spline function to each month's change data for each climate variable at a spatial resolution of 5 arcminutes (0.0833o) longitude and latitude. The A2 emission scenario invariably generated the greatest warming by 2100 and the B1 the least. Alaska is projected to undergo the greatest regional increases in temperature and precipitation. Differences across the projections were generally greater from the different GHG forcings than those resulting from the different GCMs, although the consistency varied spatially. Gridded datasets are publicly available. The downscaled change factors from this study are being used with historical climatology developed from the PRISM climate data set to develop the climate projections for the RPA scenarios in the USDA FS RPA assessment. A companion report and data set will be issued by Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service) for Canada.

High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenerios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations

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Author : United States Department of Agriculture
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781507628010
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenerios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations by : United States Department of Agriculture

Download or read book High Resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenerios for the Conterminous USA and Alaska Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Projections of future climate were selected for four well-established general circulation models (GCM) forced by each of three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios, namely A2, A1B, and B1 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Monthly data for the period 1961-2100 were downloaded mainly from the web portal of Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (Phase 3) of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and subsets of data covering North America were extracted. Climate variables included monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, incident surface solar radiation, wind speed, and specific humidity. All variables were expressed as changes relative to the simulated monthly means for 1961-1990, which corrected for GCM bias in reproducing past climate and allowed future projected trends to be compared directly. The downscaling procedure used the ANUSPLIN software package to fit a two-dimensional spline function to each month's change data for each climate variable at a spatial resolution of 5 arcminutes (0.0833 ) longitude and latitude. The A2 emission scenario invariably generated the greatest warming by 2100 and the B1 the least. Alaska is projected to undergo the greatest regional increases in temperature and precipitation. Differences across the projections were generally greater from the different GHG forcings than those resulting from the different GCMs, although the consistency varied spatially. Gridded datasets are publicly available. The downscaled change factors from this study are being used with historical climatology developed from the PRISM climate data set to develop the climate projections for the RPA scenarios in the USDA FS RPA assessment. A companion report and data set will be issued by Natural Resources Canada (Canadian Forest Service) for Canada.

High-resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for Canada Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis High-resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for Canada Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations by :

Download or read book High-resolution Interpolation of Climate Scenarios for Canada Derived from General Circulation Model Simulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper

Author : Zhiliang Zhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper by : Zhiliang Zhu

Download or read book U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper written by Zhiliang Zhu and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U. S. National Climate Assessment

Author : U. S. Department of Commerce
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781514196830
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U. S. National Climate Assessment by : U. S. Department of Commerce

Download or read book Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U. S. National Climate Assessment written by U. S. Department of Commerce and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is one of series of regional climate descriptions designed to provide input that can be used in the development of the National Climate Assessment (NCA). As part of a sustained assessment approach, it is intended that these publications will be updated as new and well-vetted model results are available and as new climate scenario needs become clear. It is also hoped that these publications (and associated data and resources) are of direct benefit to decision makers and communities seeking to use this information in developing adaptation plans. There are nine reports in this series, one each for eight regions defined by the NCA, and one for the contiguous U.S. The eight NCA regions are the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Great Plains, Northwest, Southwest, Alaska, and Hawai'i/Pacific Islands. These publications include a description of the observed historical climate conditions for each region and a set of climate scenarios as plausible futures. There are two components of these descriptions. One component is a description of the historical climate conditions in the region. The other component is a description of the climate conditions associated with two future pathways of greenhouse gas emissions.

The United States National Climate Assessment - Alaska Technical Regional Report

Author : U. S. Department Interior
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781511791083
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The United States National Climate Assessment - Alaska Technical Regional Report by : U. S. Department Interior

Download or read book The United States National Climate Assessment - Alaska Technical Regional Report written by U. S. Department Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-04-19 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alaskan landscape is changing, both in terms of effects of human activities as a consequence of increased population, social and economic development and their effects on the local and broad landscape; and those effects that accompany naturally occurring hazards such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Some of the most prevalent changes, however, are those resulting from a changing climate, with both near term and potential upcoming effects expected to continue into the future. In 1990, Congress passed Public Law 101-606 (1990), which established the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). The purpose of the USGCRP is to provide information that increases the understanding of the cumulative effects of human activities and natural processes on the environment and their response to global change. Section 106 of the Act identifies the requirement for a National Assessment to be delivered to the President of the United States and Congress not less frequently than every 4 years that: Integrates, evaluates, and interprets the findings of the Program and discusses the scientific uncertainties associated with such findings; Analyzes the effects of global change on the natural environment, agriculture, energy production and use, welfare, human social systems, and biological diversity; and Analyzes current trends in global change, both human-induced and natural, and projects major trends for the subsequent 25-100 years (Public Law 101-606, 1990). The National Climate Assessment (NCA) serves as a status report on climate change science and impacts based on observations made across the country. It incorporates advances in the understanding of climate science into larger social, ecological, and policy systems and serves to integrate scientific information from multiple sources and to highlight key findings and significant knowledge gaps. The First National Assessment report was produced in 2000 and a second, Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States, was produced in 2009. This document, The United States National Climate Assessment-Alaska Technical Regional Report, is one of eight regional reports that will provide input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment.

Global and Local Contributors to the Historical and Projected Regional Climate Change on the North Slope of Alaska

Author : 蔡磊
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Global and Local Contributors to the Historical and Projected Regional Climate Change on the North Slope of Alaska by : 蔡磊

Download or read book Global and Local Contributors to the Historical and Projected Regional Climate Change on the North Slope of Alaska written by 蔡磊 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis includes four studies that explore and compare the impacts of four contributing factors resulting in regional climate change on the North Slope of Alaska based on a numerical simulation approach. These four contributing factors include global warming due to changes in radiative forcing, sea ice decline, earlier Arctic lake ice-off, and atmospheric circulation change over the Arctic. A set of dynamically downscaled regional climate products has been developed for the North Slope of Alaska over the period from 1950 up to 2100. A fine grid spacing (10 km) is employed to develop products that resolve detailed mesoscale features in the temperature and precipitation fields on the North Slope of Alaska. Processes resolved include the effects of topography on regional climate and extreme precipitation events. The Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario projects lower rates of precipitation and temperature increase than RCP8.5 compared to the historical product. The increases of precipitation and temperature trends in the RCP8.5 projection are higher in fall and winter compared to the historical product and the RCP4.5 projection. The impacts of sea ice decline are addressed by conducting sensitivity experiments employing both an atmospheric model and a permafrost model. The sea ice decline impacts are most pronounced in late fall and early winter. The near surface atmospheric warming in late spring and early summer due to sea ice decline are projected to be stronger in the 21st century. Such a warming effect also reduces the total cloud cover on the North Slope of Alaska in summer by destabilizing the atmospheric boundary layer. The sea ice decline warms the atmosphere and the permafrost on the North Slope of Alaska less strongly than the global warming does, while it primarily results in higher seasonal variability of the positive temperature trend that is bigger in late fall and early winter than in other seasons. The ongoing and projected earlier melt of the Arctic lake ice also contributes to regional climate change on the Northern coast of Alaska, though only on a local and seasonal scale. Heat and moisture released from the opened lake surface primarily propagate downwind of the lakes. The impacts of the earlier lake ice-off on both the atmosphere and the permafrost underneath are comparable to those of the sea ice decline in late spring and early summer, while they are roughly six times weaker than those of sea ice decline in late fall and early winter. The permafrost warming resulted from the earlier lake ice-off is speculated to be stronger with more snowfall expected in the 21st century, while the overall atmospheric warming of global origin is speculated to continue growing. Two major Arctic summer-time climatic variability patterns, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Arctic Dipole (AD), are evaluated in 12 global climate models in Coupled Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5). A combined metric ranking approach ranks the models by the Pattern Correlation Coefficients (PCCs) and explained variances calculated from the model-produced summer AO and AD over the historical period. Higher-ranked models more consistently project a positive trend of the summer AO index and a negative trend of summer AD index in their RCP8.5 projections. Such long-term trends of large-scale climate patterns will inhibit the increase in air temperature while favoring the increase in precipitation on the North Slope of Alaska. In summary, this thesis bridges the gaps by quantifying the relative importance of multiple contributing factors to the regional climate change on the North Slope of Alaska. Global warming is the leading contributing factor, while other factors primarily contribute to the spatial and temporal asymmetries of the regional climate change. The results of this thesis lead to a better understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the climatic impacts to the hydrological and ecological changes of the North Slope of Alaska that have been become more severe and more frequent. They, together with the developed downscaling data products, serve as the climatic background information in such fields of study.

Climatic Atlas of the Outer Continental Shelf Waters and Coastal Regions of Alaska: Chukchi-Beaufort Sea

Author : William A. Brower
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Climatic Atlas of the Outer Continental Shelf Waters and Coastal Regions of Alaska: Chukchi-Beaufort Sea by : William A. Brower

Download or read book Climatic Atlas of the Outer Continental Shelf Waters and Coastal Regions of Alaska: Chukchi-Beaufort Sea written by William A. Brower and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Preparing for a Changing Climate

Author : University of Alaska Fairbanks. Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis Preparing for a Changing Climate by : University of Alaska Fairbanks. Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research

Download or read book Preparing for a Changing Climate written by University of Alaska Fairbanks. Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Integrated Hydrologic and Societal Impacts of a Warming Climate in Interior Alaska

Author : Charles Edward Jones
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis The Integrated Hydrologic and Societal Impacts of a Warming Climate in Interior Alaska by : Charles Edward Jones

Download or read book The Integrated Hydrologic and Societal Impacts of a Warming Climate in Interior Alaska written by Charles Edward Jones and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, interdisciplinary research methods were used to examine how changes in hydrology associated with climate affect Alaskans. Partnerships were established with residents of Fairbanks and Tanana to develop scientific investigations relevant to rural Alaskans. In chapter 2, local knowledge was incorporated into scientific models to identify a socialecological threshold used to model potential driftwood harvest from the Yukon River. Anecdotal evidence and subsistence calendar records were combined with scientific data to model the harvest rates of driftwood. Modeling results estimate that between 1980 and 2010 hydrologic factors alone were responsible for a 29% decrease in the annual wood harvest, which approximately balanced a 23% reduction in wood demand due to a decline in number of households. The community's installation of wood-fired boilers in 2007 created a threshold increase (76%) in wood demand that is not met by driftwood harvest. Modeling of climatic scenarios illustrates that increased hydrologic variability decreases driftwood harvest and increases the financial or temporal costs for subsistence users. In chapter 3, increased groundwater flow related to permafrost degradation was hypothesized to be affect river ice thickness in sloughs of the Tanana River. A physically-based, numerical model was developed to examine the importance of permafrost degradation in explaining unfrozen river conditions in the winter. Results indicated that ice melt is amplified by increasing groundwater upwelling rates, groundwater temperatures, and snowfall. Modeling results also suggest that permafrost degradation could be a valid explanation of the phenomenon, but does not address the potential drivers (e.g. warming climate, forest fire, etc.) of the permafrost warming. In chapter 4, remote sensing techniques were hypothesized to be useful for mapping dangerous ice conditions on the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Unsupervised classification of high-resolution satellite imagery was used to identify and map open water and degraded ice conditions on the Tanana River. Ninety-five percent of the total river channel surface was classified as "safe" for river travel, while 4% of the channel was mapped as having degraded ice and 0.6% of the channel was classified as open water (overall accuracy of 73%). This research demonstrates that the classification of high-resolution satellite images can be useful for mapping hazardous ice for recreational, transportation, or industrial applications in northern climates. These results are applicable to communities throughout the North. For people that rely upon subsistence activities, increased variability in climate cycles can have substantial financial, cultural, recreational, or even mortal consequences. This research demonstrates how collaborations between scientists and local stakeholders can create tools that help to assess the impacts of increased environmental variability (such as flooding) or to detect or predict unsafe conditions (such as thin or unpredictable ice cover). Based upon this research, I conclude that regional-scale adaptations and technological advances (such as modeling and remote sensing tools) may help to alleviate the effects of environmental variability associated by climate.

Climate Change Impacts in the United States

Author : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts in the United States by : U.S. Global Change Research Program

Download or read book Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Alaska has warmed twice as fast as the rest of the nation, bringing widespread impacts. Sea ice is rapidly receding and glaciers are shrinking. Thawing permafrost is leading to more wildfire, and affecting infrastructure and wildlife habitat. Rising ocean temperatures and acidification will alter valuable marine fisheries. Explore how climate change is affecting Alaska." --

The Simulation of Arctic Climate with a Global General Circulation Model

Author : William Lawrence Gates
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis The Simulation of Arctic Climate with a Global General Circulation Model by : William Lawrence Gates

Download or read book The Simulation of Arctic Climate with a Global General Circulation Model written by William Lawrence Gates and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Changes in Extreme Hydroclimate Events in Interior Alaskan Boreal Forest Watersheds

Author : Katrina Bennett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes in Extreme Hydroclimate Events in Interior Alaskan Boreal Forest Watersheds by : Katrina Bennett

Download or read book Changes in Extreme Hydroclimate Events in Interior Alaskan Boreal Forest Watersheds written by Katrina Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high latitude regions of the globe are responding to climate change at unprecedented magnitudes and rates. As the climate warms, extreme hydroclimate events are likely to change more than the mean events, and it is the extreme changes that present a risk to society, the economy and the environment of the north. The subarctic boreal forest is one of the largest ecosystems in the world and is greatly understudied with respect to hydroclimate extremes. Thus, defining a baseline for changing extremes is the first step towards planning and implementing adaptation measures to reduce risk and costs associated with the changing extremes. This thesis focuses on quantitative analysis of extreme events using historical data and future model projections of changing temperature, precipitation and streamflow in the Interior forested region of boreal Alaska. Historically, shifts in the climate have resulted in declining magnitudes of peak flow for snow dominated and glacial Interior Alaskan basins. However, changes are variable and dependent upon watershed topography, permafrost conditions, and glacial extents. Therefore, adjacent basins respond in considerably different ways to the same climate drivers. For example, peak streamflow events in the adjacent Salcha and Chena River basins had different responses to changes in climate. In the higher elevation Salcha basin, maximum streamflow increased as spring temperatures increased but in the lower elevation Chena, winter precipitation was a control on increases in maximum streamflow, while both were influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Analysis of hydrologic change must take this variability into account to understand extreme hydroclimate responses and correctly account for process shifts. To examine future changes in peak streamflow, the implementation and parameterization of hydrologic models to simulate hydroclimate extremes is required. In the northern latitudes of the world, there is a sparse observational station network that may be used for evaluation and correction of hydrologic models. This presents a limitation to science in these regions of the globe and has led to a paucity of research results and consequently, a lack of understanding of the hydrology of northern landscapes. Input of observations from remote sensing and the implementation of models that contain parameterizations specific to northern regions (i.e. permafrost) is one aim of this thesis. Remote sensing of snow cover extent, an important indicator of climate change in the north, was positively validated at snow telemetry sites across Interior Alaska. Input of the snow cover extent observations into a hydrologic model used by the Alaska Pacific River Forecast Center for streamflow flood forecasting improved discharge estimates for poorly observed basins, whereas the discharge estimates in basins with good quality river discharge observations improved little. Estimates of snow water equivalent were improved compared to station results and the adaptation of the model parameters indicated that the model is more robust, particularly during the snowmelt period when model simulations are error prone. Use of two independent hydrologic models and multiple global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios to simulate changes in future hydroclimate extremes indicated that large regime shifts are projected for snowmelt dominated basins of Interior Alaska. The Chena River basin, nearby Fairbanks, Alaska, is projected to be rainfall dominated by the 2080s, with smaller snowmelt peaks. Return intervals for flooding will increase by one-and-one half to double the flow volume magnitude compared to the historical return interval. Frequency of extreme streamflow events will increase five times the mean increase. These changes in extreme streamflow events necessitate further research on the implications for infrastructure, ecology and economy to constrain risk associated with the projected regime shift in boreal forested watersheds of Interior Alaska.

Intrinsic and Forced Interannual Variability of the Gulf of Alaska Mesoscale Circulation

Author : Vincent Emmanuel Combes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Intrinsic and Forced Interannual Variability of the Gulf of Alaska Mesoscale Circulation by : Vincent Emmanuel Combes

Download or read book Intrinsic and Forced Interannual Variability of the Gulf of Alaska Mesoscale Circulation written by Vincent Emmanuel Combes and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) circulation to large-scale North Pacific climate variability is explored using three high resolution (15 km) regional ocean model ensembles over the period 1950-2004. On interannual and decadal timescales the mean circulation is strongly modulated by changes in the large scale climate forcing associated with PDO and ENSO. Intensification of the model gyre scale circulation occurs after the 1976-1977 climate shift, as well as during 1965-1970 and 1993-1995. From the model dynamical budgets we find that when the GOA experiences stronger southeasterly winds, typical during the positive phase of the PDO and ENSO, there is net large-scale Ekman convergence in the central and eastern coastal boundary. The geostrophic adjustment to higher sea surface height (SSH) and lower isopycnals lead to stronger cyclonic gyre scale circulation. The opposite situation occurs during stronger northwesterly winds (negative phase of the PDO). Along the eastern basin, interannual changes in the surface winds also modulate the seasonal development of high amplitude anticyclonic eddies (e.g. Haïda and Sitka eddies). Large interannual eddy events during winter-spring, are phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. The initial eddy dynamics are consistent with a quasi-linear Rossby wave response to positive SSH anomalies forced by stronger downwelling favorable winds (e.g. southwesterly during El Niǫ). However, because of the fast growth rate of baroclinic instability and the geographical focusing associated with the coastal geometry, most of the perturbation energy in the Rossby wave is locally trapped until converted into large scale nonlinear coherent eddies. Coastally trapped waves of tropical origin may also contribute to positive SSH anomalies that lead to higher amplitude eddies. However, their presence does not appear essential. The model ensembles, which do not include the effects of equatorial coastally trapped waves, capture the large Haïda and Sitka eddy events observed during 1982 and 1997 and explain most of the variance of tidal gauges along the GOA coast. In the western basin, interannual eddy variability located south of the Alaskan Stream is not correlated with large scale forcing and appears to be intrinsic. A comparison of the three model ensembles forced by NCEP winds and a multi-century-long integration forced only with the seasonal cycle, shows that the internal variability alone explains most of the eddy variance. The asymmetry between the eddy forced regime in the eastern basin, and the intrinsic regime in the western basin, has important implications for predicting the GOA response to climate change. Eastern boundary eddies transport important biogeochemical quantities such as iron, oxygen and chlorophyll-a into the gyre interior, therefore having potential upscale effects on the GOA high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll region.

High-resolution Numerical Modeling of Near-surface Weather Conditions Over Alaska's Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait

Author : Peter Q. Olsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (636 download)

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Book Synopsis High-resolution Numerical Modeling of Near-surface Weather Conditions Over Alaska's Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait by : Peter Q. Olsson

Download or read book High-resolution Numerical Modeling of Near-surface Weather Conditions Over Alaska's Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait written by Peter Q. Olsson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Hydrology

Author : David R. Maidment
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Hydrology by : David R. Maidment

Download or read book Handbook of Hydrology written by David R. Maidment and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1993-02-22 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An all-inclusive reference covering all practical aspects of hydrology. Twenty-nine chapters in four major sections: I. Hydrologic Cycle; II. Hydrologic Transport; III. Hydrologic Statistics; IV. Hydrologic Technology. 500 illustrations.

A Climate Perspective of Observed and Modeled Surface-based Temperature Inversions in Alaska

Author : Stefanie Mae Bourne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (256 download)

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Book Synopsis A Climate Perspective of Observed and Modeled Surface-based Temperature Inversions in Alaska by : Stefanie Mae Bourne

Download or read book A Climate Perspective of Observed and Modeled Surface-based Temperature Inversions in Alaska written by Stefanie Mae Bourne and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Alaska surface-based temperature inversion parameters (inversion depth, temperature difference, strength and frequency) were calculated using radiosonde observations for Fairbanks, McGrath, Anchorage, and Barrow. Trends and variability were examined for 1957-2008. At all sites, surface temperatures show increasing trends, while inversion depth and temperature difference are decreasing. Inversion strength shows increasing trends in Interior Alaska, but decreasing trends along the coast. Inversion parameters display similar interannual variability for all sites and show statistically significant correlation to large-scale climate variability. Alaska surface-based inversions were evaluated in a hierarchy of model simulations. The global model is not able to capture key inversion characteristics. However, dynamically downscaled regional models can better simulate variability of inversion parameters, but the means display biases which are easily correctable. Inversions, evaluated in a downscaled A1B future scenario, show a general warming of the entire air column and an overall decrease in inversion depth and temperature difference"--Leaf iii.