Hermeneutic Dialogue and Shaping the Landscape of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology

Download Hermeneutic Dialogue and Shaping the Landscape of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000413993
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hermeneutic Dialogue and Shaping the Landscape of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology by : Robert C. Bishop

Download or read book Hermeneutic Dialogue and Shaping the Landscape of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology written by Robert C. Bishop and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume introduces the methodological value of hermeneutic dialogue in the field of theoretical and philosophical psychology. It reflects on the works of Frank Richardson, who has made, and continues to make, seminal contributions to the field, as well as having influenced the work of many of the practitioners engaged in this field today. Each chapter explores a major topic of hermeneutic dialogue and is authored by a scholar whose work has been directly impacted by Richardson's life and research. The chapters illuminate a variety of issues in psychology, such as instrumentalism, individualism, relationality, social ontology, the wisdom of limits, neoliberalism, and the idea that theory is a form of praxis. All contributions in this volume illustrate aspects of theory as practice coming to expression in reflection on theoretical and philosophical psychology and trace some of the implications for psychology, political philosophy, social justice, community, human dignity, and transcendence. This book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of theoretical and philosophical psychology, philosophy of the mind, and personality theories.

Routledge International Handbook of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology

Download Routledge International Handbook of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000521931
Total Pages : 757 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Routledge International Handbook of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology by : Brent D. Slife

Download or read book Routledge International Handbook of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology written by Brent D. Slife and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Routledge International Handbook of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology is a compilation of works by leading scholars in theoretical and philosophical psychology that offers critical analyses of, and alternatives to, current theories and philosophies typically taken for granted in mainstream psychology. Within their chapters, the expert authors briefly describe accepted theories and philosophies before explaining their problems and exploring fresh, new ideas for practice and research. These alternative ideas offer thought-provoking ways of reinterpreting many aspects of human existence often studied by psychologists. Organized into five sections, the volume covers the discipline of psychology in general, various subdisciplines (e.g., positive psychology and human development), concepts of self and identity as well as research and practice. Together the chapters present a set of alternative ideas that have the potential to take the field of psychology in fruitful directions not anticipated in more traditional theory and research. This handbook will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of the theory, assumptions, and history of psychology.

Hermeneutic Approaches to Interpretive Research

Download Hermeneutic Approaches to Interpretive Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000442152
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hermeneutic Approaches to Interpretive Research by : Philip Cushman

Download or read book Hermeneutic Approaches to Interpretive Research written by Philip Cushman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and insightful book brings together a collection of impactful essays written by former psychology doctoral students, which feature hermeneutics as a method of qualitative inquiry. Philip Cushman brings together eleven chapters in which his former students describe their hermeneutic dissertations—how they chose their topics, their approach to research, what they discovered, what it was like emotionally for them, and how the process has influenced them in the years since completion. The contributors explore important contemporary issues like social justice, identity, gender inequality, and the political consequences of psychological theories and offer fresh, critical perspectives rooted in lived experiences. This book showcases the value and importance of hermeneutics, both as a philosophy, and as an orientation for conducting research that aids in critical, culturally respectful, interdisciplinary approaches. This is illuminating reading for graduate students and scholars curious about the hermeneutic approach to research, particularly those engaged in fields like theoretical psychology, clinical psychology, psychotherapy, mental health, cultural history, and social work.

Global Pandemics and Epistemic Crises in Psychology

Download Global Pandemics and Epistemic Crises in Psychology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000410277
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Pandemics and Epistemic Crises in Psychology by : Martin Dege

Download or read book Global Pandemics and Epistemic Crises in Psychology written by Martin Dege and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using COVID-19 as a base, this groundbreaking book brings together several renowned scholars to explore the concept of crisis, and how this global event has shaped the discipline of psychology. It engages directly with the challenges that psychology continues to face when theorizing societal issues of gender, race, class, history, and culture, while not disregarding "lived" experiences. This edited volume offers a set of pathways to rethink psychology beyond its current scope and history to become more apt to the conditions, needs, and demands of the 21st century. The book explores topics like resilience, interpersonal relationships, mistrust in the government, and access to healthcare. Dividing the book into three distinct sections, the contributors first examine the current crisis within psychology, then go on to explore how psychology theorizes the subject and the other in a social world of perpetual political, economic, cultural, and social crises, and lastly consider the role of crises in the creation of new theorizing. This is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of theoretical and philosophical psychology, social psychology, community psychology, and developmental psychology.

Toward the Psychological Humanities

Download Toward the Psychological Humanities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000956903
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Toward the Psychological Humanities by : Mark Freeman

Download or read book Toward the Psychological Humanities written by Mark Freeman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mark Freeman’s inspiring account of the burgeoning field of the psychological humanities presents a clear and compelling vision of what the discipline of psychology might become. Valuable though the scientific perspective has been for advancing the discipline, Freeman maintains that significant dimensions of the human experience elude this perspective and call for an entirely different kind of psychology, one more closely tied to the arts and humanities. Issuing his call for the psychological humanities in the form of a ten chapter "manifesto," Freeman’s groundbreaking book offers a comprehensive rationale for a more inclusive, pluralistic, and artful approach to exploring the psychological world in all of its potential complexity, obscurity, and beauty. Engaging and accessible, this bold, provocative book is destined to spark significant discussion and debate in audiences including advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, and professionals in the field of psychology with interests in theoretical and philosophical psychology, history of psychology, clinical psychology, humanistic psychology, and qualitative psychology. It will also be welcomed by those in philosophy, literature, and the arts, as well as anyone intrigued by psychological life who may be interested in encountering a vital new approach to examining the human condition.

A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 1

Download A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000630404
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 1 by : Robert A. Graceffo

Download or read book A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 1 written by Robert A. Graceffo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of psychotherapy is to improve a patient’s subjective experience. A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume I shows readers what this might really mean, how it can be achieved, and where prevailing views go wrong in achieving it. It lays out an alternative idea of human suffering and human healing, one that deemphasizes constructs and prioritizes experience itself. Early chapters argue that helping people to "know new things" is the ultimate target of psychotherapeutic change, but that our field has not sufficiently reflected on the complications of this task. A theory is then offered, which suggests that the unthinkable aspects of human experience are responsible for the very ways in which we human beings think. It invites and outlines a serious reformulation of psychotherapy in which human cognition is not the seat but the beneficiary of human change. This book will be valuable for therapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and other practitioners as well as graduate and undergraduate students in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy, mental health, social work, and philosophy. It will be of great interest for clinicians who find themselves disenchanted with the field’s current ethos, which is stilted by scientistic approaches to soothing the suffering of the other.

A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 2

Download A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000630390
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 2 by : Robert A. Graceffo

Download or read book A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume 2 written by Robert A. Graceffo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume II, is to encourage clinical and personal reflection on the part of reading clinicians, so as to foster more thought about the meaning and complexities of the therapeutic encounter. It does so by offering three clinical examples and a searching discussion of what each might teach us about the case at hand, ourselves, and the world. The book begins with an honest exploration of the limitations accompanying any and every attempt to write about the action of psychotherapy, which the first volume characterised as ineffable. More particularly, it is suggested that the deepest therapeutic phenomenon, experiential "proximity," is itself neither fully observable to the participants nor capturable by a verbal account. These concessions, which effectively confine the therapeutic "mechanism" to the air of every encounter, threaten to make descriptions of psychotherapy useless. However, while we can never rightly describe the fundamental cause of change, we can describe its observable corollaries. It is then suggested that certain therapeutic postures—those of kindness, openness, and sameness—facilitate the expansion of the other’s cognitive apparatus and thereby the "knowns" that inhabit their minds (the main goal of therapy, per Volume I). A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology, Volume II, is valuable for therapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and other practitioners as well as graduate and undergraduate students in the fields of psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy, mental health, social work, and philosophy.

Dialogues at the Edge of American Psychological Discourse

Download Dialogues at the Edge of American Psychological Discourse PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137590963
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dialogues at the Edge of American Psychological Discourse by : Heather Macdonald

Download or read book Dialogues at the Edge of American Psychological Discourse written by Heather Macdonald and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the discipline of psychology through in-depth dialogues with scholars who have lived at the turbulent edges of mainstream psychology in the USA, and who have challenged the most cherished theoretical frameworks. It includes researchers whose work has been widely esteemed in recent decades, but has ultimately not been taken up to reconstitute the theoretical direction of the field. This volume chronicles perspectives from select scholars on the current states of their respective areas of the field, their understanding of how their work has been metabolized, and their concerns about the conceptual frames that currently set the theoretical boundaries of the discipline. These authors demand a reinterpretation of thresholds to allow for a less monological emphasis in the adoption of particular frameworks, and to demonstrate historical, social, economic and political consequences of their chosen frameworks. The contents of the volume will assist theoreticians and clinicians in their understanding of how particular kinds of knowledge are determined, accepted, and produced in the field at large.

Hermeneutic Moral Realism in Psychology

Download Hermeneutic Moral Realism in Psychology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429949979
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hermeneutic Moral Realism in Psychology by : Brent D. Slife

Download or read book Hermeneutic Moral Realism in Psychology written by Brent D. Slife and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional sources of morality—philosophical ethics, religious standards, and cultural values—are being questioned at a time when we most need morality’s direction. Research shows that though moral direction is vital to our identities, happiness, productivity and relationships, there is a decline in its development and use, especially among younger adults. This book argues that hermeneutic moral realism is the best hope for meeting the twenty-first century challenges of scientism, individualism, and postmodernism. In addition to providing a thorough understanding of moral realism, the volume also takes preliminary steps toward its application in important practical settings, including research, psychotherapy, politics, and publishing.

Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction

Download Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191508535
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction by : Jens Zimmermann

Download or read book Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction written by Jens Zimmermann and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hermeneutics is the branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, a behaviour that is intrinsic to our daily lives. As humans, we decipher the meaning of newspaper articles, books, legal matters, religious texts, political speeches, emails, and even dinner conversations every day . But how is knowledge mediated through these forms? What constitutes the process of interpretation? And how do we draw meaning from the world around us so that we might understand our position in it? In this Very Short Introduction Jens Zimmermann traces the history of hermeneutic theory, setting out its key elements, and demonstrating how they can be applied to a broad range of disciplines: theology; literature; law; and natural and social sciences. Demonstrating the longstanding and wide-ranging necessity of interpretation, Zimmermann reveals its significance in our current social and political landscape. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Race, Rage, and Resistance

Download Race, Rage, and Resistance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429561024
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race, Rage, and Resistance by : David M. Goodman

Download or read book Race, Rage, and Resistance written by David M. Goodman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely collection asks the reader to consider how society’s modern notion of humans as rational, isolated individuals has contributed to psychological and social problems and oppressive power structures. Experts from a range of disciplines offer a complex understanding of how humans are shaped by history, tradition, and institutions. Drawing upon the work of Lacan, Fanon, and Foucault, this text examines cultural memory, modern ideas of race and gender, the roles of symbolism and mythology, and neoliberalism’s impact on psychology. Through clinical vignettes and suggested applications, it demonstrates significant alternatives to the isolated individualism of Western philosophy and psychology. This interdisciplinary volume is essential reading for clinicians and anyone looking to augment their understanding of how human beings are shaped by the societies they inhabit.

Interpreting Nature

Download Interpreting Nature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
ISBN 13 : 0823254275
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interpreting Nature by : Brian Treanor

Download or read book Interpreting Nature written by Brian Treanor and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern environmentalism has come to realize that many of its key concerns—“wilderness” and “nature” among them—are contested territory, viewed differently by different people. Understanding nature requires science and ecology, to be sure, but it also requires a sensitivity to history, culture, and narrative. Thus, understanding nature is a fundamentally hermeneutic task.

Conducting Hermeneutic Research

Download Conducting Hermeneutic Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Critical Qualitative Research
ISBN 13 : 9781433127328
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (273 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conducting Hermeneutic Research by : Nancy J. Moules

Download or read book Conducting Hermeneutic Research written by Nancy J. Moules and published by Critical Qualitative Research. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conducting Hermeneutic Research: From Philosophy to Practice is the only textbook that teaches the reader ways to conduct research from a philosophical hermeneutic perspective. It is an invaluable resource for graduate students about to embark in hermeneutic research and for academics or other researchers who are novice to this research method or who wish to extend their knowledge. In 2009, the lead author of this proposed text was one of three co-founders of the Canadian Hermeneutic Institute. The institute was created as a means of bringing together scholars of hermeneutics and hermeneutic research across disciplines in creative dialogue and conversations of philosophy, research, and practice. An outcome of this was the launch of the Journal of Applied Hermeneutics, with Nancy J. Moules serving as Editor. The work of the institute and the journal make clear that people (both students and professors) seek practical guidance on how to conduct hermeneutic research. This book is a must read for this audience.

Place, Space and Hermeneutics

Download Place, Space and Hermeneutics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319522140
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Place, Space and Hermeneutics by : Bruce B. Janz

Download or read book Place, Space and Hermeneutics written by Bruce B. Janz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the hermeneutics of place, raising questions about central issues such as textuality, dialogue, and play. It discusses the central figures in the development of hermeneutics and place, and surveys disciplines and areas in which a hermeneutic approach to place has been fruitful. It covers the range of philosophical hermeneutic theory, both within philosophy itself as well as from other disciplines. In doing so, the volume reflects the state of theorization on these issues, and also looks forward to the implications and opportunities that exist. Philosophical hermeneutics has fundamentally altered philosophy’s approach to place. Issues such as how we dwell in place, how place is imagined, created, preserved, and lost, and how philosophy itself exists in place have become central. While there is much research applying hermeneutics to place, there is little which both reflects on that heritage and critically analyzes a hermeneutic approach to place. This book fills that void by offering a sustained analysis of the central elements, major figures, and disciplinary applications of hermeneutics and place.

Recasting Reality

Download Recasting Reality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540851984
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Recasting Reality by : Harald Atmanspacher

Download or read book Recasting Reality written by Harald Atmanspacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-20 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 2 Harald Atmanspacher and Hans Primas 1 Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology, Freiburg, Germany,[email protected] 2 ETH Zurich, Switzerland,[email protected] Thenotionofrealityisofsupremesigni?canceforourunderstandingofnature, the world around us, and ourselves. As the history of philosophy shows, it has been under permanent discussion at all times. Traditional discourse about - ality covers the full range from basic metaphysical foundations to operational approaches concerning human kinds of gathering and utilizing knowledge, broadly speaking epistemic approaches. However, no period in time has ex- rienced a number of moves changing and, particularly, restraining traditional concepts of reality that is comparable to the 20th century. Early in the 20th century, quite an in?uential move of such a kind was due to the so-called Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, laid out essentially by Bohr, Heisenberg, and Pauli in the mid 1920s. Bohr’s dictum, quoted by Petersen (1963, p.12), was that “it is wrong to think that the task of physics is to ?nd out how nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about nature.” Although this standpoint was not left unopposed – Einstein, Schr ̈ odinger, and others were convinced that it is the task of science to ?nd out about nature itself – epistemic, operational attitudes have set the fashion for many discussions in the philosophy of physics (and of science in general) until today.

Gadamer for Architects

Download Gadamer for Architects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135102570
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gadamer for Architects by : Paul Kidder

Download or read book Gadamer for Architects written by Paul Kidder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a concise and accessible introduction to the work of the celebrated twentieth century German philosopher, Hans-Georg Gadamer, this book focuses on the aspects of Gadamer’s philosophy that have been the most influential among architects, educators in architecture, and architectural theorists. Gadamer’s philosophy of art gives a special place to the activity of "play" as it occurs in artistic creation. His reflections on meaning and symbolism in art draw upon his teacher, Martin Heidegger, while moving Heidegger’s thought in new directions. His theory of interpretation, or "philosophical hermeneutics," offers profound ways to understand the influence of the past upon the present and to appropriate cultural history in ever new forms. For architects, architectural theorists, architectural historians, and students in these fields, Gadamer’s thought opens a world of possibilities for understanding how building today can be rich with human meaning, relating to architecture’s history in ways that do not merely repeat nor repudiate that history. In addition, Gadamer’s sensitivity to the importance of practical thinking – to the way that theory arises out of practice – gives his thought a remarkable usefulness in the everyday work of professional life.

About the Beginning of the Hermeneutics of the Self

Download About the Beginning of the Hermeneutics of the Self PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022618854X
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis About the Beginning of the Hermeneutics of the Self by : Michel Foucault

Download or read book About the Beginning of the Hermeneutics of the Self written by Michel Foucault and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1980, Michel Foucault began a vast project of research on the relationship between subjectivity and truth, an examination of conscience, confession, and truth-telling that would become a crucial feature of his life-long work on the relationship between knowledge, power, and the self. The lectures published here offer one of the clearest pathways into this project, contrasting Greco-Roman techniques of the self with those of early Christian monastic culture in order to uncover, in the latter, the historical origin of many of the features that still characterize the modern subject. They are accompanied by a public discussion and debate as well as by an interview with Michael Bess, all of which took place at the University of California, Berkeley, where Foucault delivered an earlier and slightly different version of these lectures. Foucault analyzes the practices of self-examination and confession in Greco-Roman antiquity and in the first centuries of Christianity in order to highlight a radical transformation from the ancient Delphic principle of “know thyself” to the monastic precept of “confess all of your thoughts to your spiritual guide.” His aim in doing so is to retrace the genealogy of the modern subject, which is inextricably tied to the emergence of the “hermeneutics of the self”—the necessity to explore one’s own thoughts and feelings and to confess them to a spiritual director—in early Christianity. According to Foucault, since some features of this Christian hermeneutics of the subject still determine our contemporary “gnoseologic” self, then the genealogy of the modern subject is both an ethical and a political enterprise, aiming to show that the “self” is nothing but the historical correlate of a series of technologies built into our history. Thus, from Foucault’s perspective, our main problem today is not to discover what “the self” is, but to try to analyze and change these technologies in order to change its form.