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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Heat Flux, Mass Loss Rate and Upward Flame Spread for Burning Vertical Walls written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anil K. Kulkarni
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (23 download)
Download or read book Heat Flux, Mass Loss Rate and Upward Flame Spread for Burning Vertical Walls written by Anil K. Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress made during the first year of NIST Grant No. 60NANB8D0849 for the period ending August 14, 1989 is reported here. The overall objective of the grant is to understand the basic mechanisms of upward flame spread and to develop a methodology to predict the flame spread on practical wall materials, appropriately verified by experiments. In this report, progress made on the following tasks is described in individual sections, upward flame spread experiments, mathematical model, local mass loss rate apparatus, heat conduction in the interior of burning walls, and Gardon heat flux gage calibration.
Author : Michael J. Gollner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267361677
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (616 download)
Download or read book Studies on Upward Flame Spread written by Michael J. Gollner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental techniques have been used to investigate three upward flame spread phenomena of particular importance for fire safety applications. First, rates of upward flame spread during early-stage burning were observed during experiments on wide samples of corrugated cardboard. Results indicated a slower acceleration than was obtained in previous measurements and theories. It is hypothesized that the non-homogeneity of the cardboard helped to reduce the acceleration of the upward spread rates by physically disrupting flow in the boundary layer close to the vertical surface and thereby modifying heating rates of the solid fuel above the pyrolysis region. The results yield alternative scalings that may be better applicable to some situations encountered in practice in warehouse fires. Next, a thermally thick slab of polymethyl methacrylate was used to study the effects of the inclination angle of a fuel surface on upward flame spread. By performing experiments on 10 cm wide by 20 cm tall fuel samples it was found that the maximum flame-spread rate, occurring nearly in a vertical configuration, does not correspond to the maximum fuel mass-loss rate, which occurs closer to a horizontal configuration. A detailed study of both flame spread and steady burning at different angles of inclination revealed the influence of buoyancy-induced flows in modifying heat-flux profiles ahead of the flame front, which control flame spread, and in affecting the heat flux to the burning surface of the fuel, which controls fuel mass-loss rates. Finally, vertical arrays of horizontally protruding wood matchsticks were used to investigate the influence of the spacing of discrete fuel elements on rates of upward flame spread. Rates of upward flame spread were found to increase dramatically for spacings between 0 cm and 0.8 cm and experienced only a slight increase thereafter. Based on these observations, the influence of convective heating was hypothesized to dominate this spread mechanism, and predictions of ignition times were developed using convective heat-transfer correlations. Mass-loss rates followed a similar pattern and were predicted along with matchstick burnout times using a droplet burning theory extended for a cylindrical geometry.
Author : Morgan J. Hurley
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493925652
Total Pages : 3510 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)
Download or read book SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering written by Morgan J. Hurley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 3510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and significantly expanded, the fifth edition of this classic work offers both new and substantially updated information. As the definitive reference on fire protection engineering, this book provides thorough treatment of the current best practices in fire protection engineering and performance-based fire safety. Over 130 eminent fire engineers and researchers contributed chapters to the book, representing universities and professional organizations around the world. It remains the indispensible source for reliable coverage of fire safety engineering fundamentals, fire dynamics, hazard calculations, fire risk analysis, modeling and more. With seventeen new chapters and over 1,800 figures, the this new edition contains: Step-by-step equations that explain engineering calculations Comprehensive revision of the coverage of human behavior in fire, including several new chapters on egress system design, occupant evacuation scenarios, combustion toxicity and data for human behavior analysis Revised fundamental chapters for a stronger sense of context Added chapters on fire protection system selection and design, including selection of fire safety systems, system activation and controls and CO2 extinguishing systems Recent advances in fire resistance design Addition of new chapters on industrial fire protection, including vapor clouds, effects of thermal radiation on people, BLEVEs, dust explosions and gas and vapor explosions New chapters on fire load density, curtain walls, wildland fires and vehicle tunnels Essential reference appendices on conversion factors, thermophysical property data, fuel properties and combustion data, configuration factors and piping properties “Three-volume set; not available separately”
Author : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. P. Mouritz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402053568
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Fire Properties of Polymer Composite Materials written by A. P. Mouritz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to deal with the important topic of the fire behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer composite materials. The book covers all of the key issues on the behaviour of composites in a fire. Also covered are fire protection materials for composites, fire properties of nanocomposites, fire safety regulations and standards, fire test methods, and health hazards from burning composites.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Upward Flame Spread on Vertical Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model which describes the physical processes of upward flame spread and for growth on wall materials has been developed and implemented as a computer program. The computer based flame spread model simulates the fire growth along a vertical combustible wall. The vertical wall material may be heated by an imposed external heat flux and is ignited at its bottom edge with a flame from a line burner of user specified strength. The model predicts the flame spread rate, the heat release rate of the fire, the flame height, the net heat flux to the wall surface and the time varying surface temperatures. The model uses inputs developed from cone calorimeter data. The results from the model compare favorably to experimental upward flame spread results for polymethylmethacrylate, plywood and wood particle board found in the literature. The sensitivity of the model to material thermal properties, flame heat flux and flame height are systematically examined.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book NIST Building & Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Building and Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Darryl L. Sensenig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book An Oxygen Consumption Technique for Determining the Contribution of Interior Wall Finishes to Room Fires written by Darryl L. Sensenig and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : E. Brehob
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (312 download)
Download or read book Turbulent Upward Flame Spread on a Vertical Wall Under External Radiation written by E. Brehob and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress made on NIST grant number 60NANB8D0849 for the period September 30, 1991 to January 15, 1993 is reported. The overall objective is to understand the upward flame spread phenomenon under simulated surrounding fire conditions by establishing a data base for upward flame spread under external radiation, developing a mathematical model, measuring the relevant basic material properties needed, and checking the validity of the model by comparing its results with data. Emphasis is placed on studying and predicting the behavior of practical wall materials used in building and vehicle interiors, and textiles. In the past year, we measured flame spread on several different materials under a range of external radiant fluxes of up to 15 kW/m2. A model for describing the upward flame spread process was developed and numerical results were compared with data. The model needed input of certain properties, such as the burning rate characteristics and surface radiation properties. A series of supporting studies were undertaken which provided the needed input properties to the model and other useful material property data. These studies included transient mass loss rate experiments, in-depth radiation absorption analysis and experiments, and reflectance measurements using a specially designed heated cavity reflectometer. Experimental data, appropriately validated model, and radiative properties of materials obtained here should be very useful in fire hazard codes for single or multiple enclosures, as well as for assessing material flammability in a relevant orientation.
Author : James G. Quintiere
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena written by James G. Quintiere and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-04-21 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding fire dynamics and combustion is essential in fire safety engineering and in fire science curricula. Engineers and students involved in fire protection, safety and investigation need to know and predict how fire behaves to be able to implement adequate safety measures and hazard analyses. Fire phenomena encompass everything about the scientific principles behind fire behavior. Combining the principles of chemistry, physics, heat and mass transfer, and fluid dynamics necessary to understand the fundamentals of fire phenomena, this book integrates the subject into a clear discipline: Covers thermochemistry including mixtures and chemical reactions; Introduces combustion to the fire protection student; Discusses premixed flames and spontaneous ignition; Presents conservation laws for control volumes, including the effects of fire; Describes the theoretical bases for empirical aspects of the subject of fire; Analyses ignition of liquids and the importance of evaporation including heat and mass transfer; Features the stages of fire in compartments, and the role of scale modeling in fire. Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena is an invaluable reference tool for practising engineers in any aspect of safety or forensic analysis. Fire safety officers, safety practitioners and safety consultants will also find it an excellent resource. In addition, this is a must-have book for senior engineering students and postgraduates studying fire protection and fire aspects of combustion.
Author : C. Qian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (223 download)
Download or read book Upward Flame Spread Along the Vertical Corner Walls written by C. Qian and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame spread behavior and the pyrolysis region spread characteristics along vertical corner walls were studied in detail with an automated infrared imaging temperature measurement technique (IR technique). The technique was recently developed for the measurement of transient pyrolysis temperature on both charring and non-charring materials. Temporal isotherms on PMMA samples were successfully obtained, from which the progress rate of the pyrolysis front was automatically deduced. It was found that the pyrolysis front shape was always M-- shaped, i.e., no spread along the corner, and the maximum spread is in a few centimeters away from the corner. Understanding of the mechanism of the M--shape formation is important in developing a prediction model of the spread rate. Four possible mechanisms were identified and flame displacement effects are found to be the principal mechanism. Transient total heat flux distributions above the M--shape pyrolysis peak for a spreading fire were measured. Using these values, it was shown that the upward spread rate is predictable from a simple, one-dimensional, thermal model. B.
Author : Andrew J. Fowell
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 0803118899
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Fire and Flammability of Furnishings and Contents of Buildings written by Andrew J. Fowell and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Liming Zhou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Solid Fuel Flame Spread and Mass Burning in Turbulent Flow written by Liming Zhou and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flow turbulence also has a significant effect on the flame extinction conditions, resulting in a smaller extinction velocity for larger flow turbulence intensity. For concurrent flow flame spread, it is found that the flow turbulence decreases the flame spread rate for both floor and ceiling geometries, mainly as a result of the flame length shortening at high turbulence intensity. It is also found that flow velocity intensifies the spread of the flame. The experimental data of flame spread rate, flame length and surface heat flux agree well with the formula obtained from a simplified thermal model, indicating that the heat transfer from flame to solid surface is the dominant controlling mechanism in the turbulent concurrent flame spread and, that the gas phase chemical reaction is of secondary importance.
Author : Kozo Saito
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Fire Spread Along the Vertical Corner Wall written by Kozo Saito and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transient total heat flux distributions above the M-shape pyrolysis peak for a spreading fire was measured. Using these values it was shown that the upward spread rate is predictable from a simple, one-dimensional, thermal model.
Author : William J. Parker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of the Fire Environment in the ASTM E 84 Tunnel Test written by William J. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
