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The Code of Hammurabi

Author : Hammurabi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9786057748812
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi by : Hammurabi

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi written by Hammurabi and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a man-sized stone stele and various clay tablets. The Code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis) as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man. Nearly one-half of the Code deals with matters of contract, establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity, and sexual behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently. A few provisions address issues related to military service. Hammurabi ruled for nearly 42 years, c. 1792 to 1750 BC according to the Middle chronology. In the preface to the law, he states, "Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared Marduk, the patron god of Babylon (The Human Record, Andrea & Overfield 2005), to bring about the rule in the land." On the stone slab there are 44 columns and 28 paragraphs that contained 282 laws. The laws follow along the rules of 'an eye for an eye'.

Hammurabi's Laws

Author : M. E. J. Richardson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0567357163
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (673 download)

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Book Synopsis Hammurabi's Laws by : M. E. J. Richardson

Download or read book Hammurabi's Laws written by M. E. J. Richardson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2004-07-09 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Richardson supplies a new translation and transcription (which incorporates the most important manuscript variants) of the most famous of all ancient Mesopotamian texts. He also provides a complete lexical analysis of every word that is used in it. The edition covers the prologue and epilogue as well as the laws themselves. Students of the Bible, ancient Near Eastern law and general Semitics are now provided with an indispensable reference tool in a convenient form. The detailed information in the glossary, where the full context of every quotation is given, will also be a tremendous help to those who want to learn or revisit Akkadian.

The Laws of Hammurabi

Author : Pamela Barmash
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0197525407
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Laws of Hammurabi by : Pamela Barmash

Download or read book The Laws of Hammurabi written by Pamela Barmash and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the best-known and most esteemed people known from antiquity is the Babylonian king Hammurabi. His fame and reputation are due to the collection of laws written under his patronage. This book offers a new interpretation of the Laws of Hammurabi. Ancient scribes would demonstrate their legal flair by composing statutes on a set of traditional cases, articulating what they deemed just and fair. The scribe of the Laws of Hammurabi advanced beyond earlier scribesin articulating legal thinking. The tradition that inspired the Laws of Hammurabi continued outside of Mesopotamia. It influenced biblical law and may have shaped Greek and Roman law.

The Code of Hammurabi

Author : Hammurabi
Publisher : DigiCat
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (596 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi by : Hammurabi

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi written by Hammurabi and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-07-21 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed c. 1755–1750 BC. You will love reading the best-organized and best-preserved legal text from the ancient Near East. This important document was copied and studied by Mesopotamian scribes for over a millennium.

The Codes of Hammurabi and Moses

Author : William Walter Davies
Publisher : Book Jungle
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Codes of Hammurabi and Moses by : William Walter Davies

Download or read book The Codes of Hammurabi and Moses written by William Walter Davies and published by Book Jungle. This book was released on 1905 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of the Hammurabi Code is one of the greatest achievements of archaeology, and is of paramount interest, not only to the student of the Bible, but also to all those interested in ancient history.

The Code of Hammurabi

Author : Hammurabi
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781502300065
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi by : Hammurabi

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi written by Hammurabi and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1772 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a human-sized stone stele and various clay tablets. The Code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis) as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man. Nearly one-half of the Code deals with matters of contract, establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently. A handful of provisions address issues related to military service.One nearly complete example of the Code survives today, on a diorite stele in the shape of a huge index finger, 2.25-metre (7.4 ft) tall (see images at right). The Code is inscribed in the Akkadian language, using cuneiform script carved into the stele. It is currently on display in The Louvre, with exact replicas in the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, the library of the Theological University of the Reformed Churches (Dutch: Theologische Universiteit Kampen voor de Gereformeerde Kerken) in The Netherlands, the Pergamon Museum of Berlin and the National Museum of Iran in Tehran.Hammurabi ruled for nearly 44 years, c. 1792 to 1750 BC according to the Middle chronology. In the preface to the law, he states, "Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared Marduk, the patron god of Babylon (The Human Record, Andrea & Overfield 2005), to bring about the rule in the land." On the stone slab there are 44 columns and 28 paragraphs that contained 282 laws.The stele was probably erected at Sippar, city of the sun god Shamash, god of justice, who is depicted handing authority to the king in the image at the top of the stele.In 1901, Egyptologist Gustave Jéquier, a member of an expedition headed by Jacques de Morgan, found the stele containing the Code of Hammurabi in what is now Iran (ancient Susa, Elam), where it had been taken as plunder by the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte in the 12th century BC.The Code of Hammurabi was one of several sets of laws in the ancient Near East. The code of laws was arranged in orderly groups, so that everyone who read the laws would know what was required of them. Earlier collections of laws include the Code of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur (c. 2050 BC), the Laws of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC) and the codex of Lipit-Ishtar of Isin (c. 1870 BC), while later ones include the Hittite laws, the Assyrian laws, and Mosaic Law. These codes come from similar cultures in a relatively small geographical area, and they have passages which resemble each other.The Code of Hammurabi is the longest surviving text from the Old Babylonian period. The code has been seen as an early example of a fundamental law regulating a government — i.e., a primitive constitution. The code is also one of the earliest examples of the idea of presumption of innocence, and it also suggests that both the accused and accuser have the opportunity to provide evidence.

The Code of Hammurabi

Author : Hammurabi King of Babylon
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781511808101
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi by : Hammurabi King of Babylon

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi written by Hammurabi King of Babylon and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi - Hammurabi, King of Babylon - The Oldest Code of Laws in the World - Translated by L.W. King - The Oldest Code of Laws in the World. The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a human-sized stone stele and various clay tablets. The Code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis) as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man. Nearly one-half of the Code deals with matters of contract, establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently. A handful of provisions address issues related to military service. The code was discovered by modern archaeologists in 1901, and its editio princeps translation published in 1902 by Jean-Vincent Scheil. This nearly complete example of the Code is carved into a diorite stele in the shape of a huge index finger, 2.25-metre (7.4 ft) tall (see images at right). The Code is inscribed in the Akkadian language, using cuneiform script carved into the stele. It is currently on display in the Louvre, with exact replicas in the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, the library of the Theological University of the Reformed Churches (Dutch: Theologische Universiteit Kampen voor de Gereformeerde Kerken) in The Netherlands, the Pergamon Museum of Berlin and the National Museum of Iran in Tehran.

The Law Code of Hammurabi

Author : Saad D. Abulhab
Publisher : Blautopf Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1981340904
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis The Law Code of Hammurabi by : Saad D. Abulhab

Download or read book The Law Code of Hammurabi written by Saad D. Abulhab and published by Blautopf Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which includes new translations of the old Babylonian laws of Hammurabi, is the second book by the author examining, from a historical Arabic linguistic perspective, a major Akkadian document. The first book offered new translations of three tablets from a literary work, the Epic of Gilgamesh, written in a late Babylonian language. The pioneering methodology used by the author to decipher the ancient Mesopotamian texts in both documents involves the primary utilization of old etymological Arabic manuscripts written by hundreds of accomplished scholars more than a thousand years ago. Using this methodology does not only provide more accurate, non-speculated, translations, and preserve the spirit and linguistic style of the original texts, but also provides more realistic phonetic values of the cuneiform signs. This would result in having more realistic overall text readings suitable to the one geographical and historical environment where these texts were produced, namely the greater Arabian Peninsula. The text of the Hammurabi stele offers students of both Arabic and Assyriology a perfect and unique opportunity to identify the language and grammar of its ancient Arabic language. Its vocalizations of subjects, objects, verbs, and genitives are astonishingly identical to that of classical Arabic. The loose and sometimes “chaotic” placement of words in sentences is strikingly identical to that of pre-Islamic Arabic. In, fact, the older the formal Akkadian language it seems the clearer its Arabic identity! Offering a textbook reference value, the author provided the numbered, phonetic Latin transcription for each law right above its corresponding, numbered Arabic transcription. Furthermore, he translated the text of each law literally, into Arabic and English, to illustrate how its translation was concluded, and to preserve its overall linguistic style, accounting for every word in its actual text. For easier reading experience, a full subject guide to the laws of Hammurabi is provided. All reference entries from both the historical Arabic manuscripts and the modern dictionaries of Assyriology are also provided in the appendix. In his expanded introduction, the author discussed the layout, script, and language of the Hammurabi code stele in the Louvre, and through the evidence of Hammurabi’s own words in a key paragraph in his prologue, he offered the possible meanings of the nickname Hammurabi.

Babylonia

Author : Trevor Bryce
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198726473
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Babylonia by : Trevor Bryce

Download or read book Babylonia written by Trevor Bryce and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring key historical events as well as the day-to-day life of the ancient Babylonians. A comprehensive guide to one of history's most profound civilizations.

The Laws of Hammurabi

Author : Pamela Barmash
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197525423
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Laws of Hammurabi by : Pamela Barmash

Download or read book The Laws of Hammurabi written by Pamela Barmash and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the best-known and most esteemed people known from antiquity is the Babylonian king Hammurabi. His fame and reputation are due to the collection of laws written under his patronage. This book offers an innovative interpretation of the Laws of Hammurabi. Ancient scribes would demonstrate their legal flair by composing statutes on a set of traditional cases, articulating what they deemed just and fair. The scribe of the Laws of Hammurabi advanced beyond earlier scribes in composing statutes that manifest systematization and implicit legal principles, and inserted the Laws of Hammurabi into the form of a royal inscription, shrewdly reshaping the genre. This tradition of scribal improvisation on a set of traditional cases continued outside of Mesopotamia. It influenced biblical law and the law of the Hittite empire significantly. The Laws of Hammurabi was also witness to the start of another stream of intellectual tradition. It became the subject of formal commentaries, marking a profound cultural shift. Scribes related to it in ways that diverged from prior attitudes; it became an object of study and of commentary, a genre that names itself as dependent on another text. The famous Laws of Hammurabi is here given the extensive attention it continues to merit.

The Code of Hammurabi: (annotated)(Illustrated)

Author : Hammurabi
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781728919348
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi: (annotated)(Illustrated) by : Hammurabi

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi: (annotated)(Illustrated) written by Hammurabi and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code. A partial copy exists on a 2.25 metre (7.5 ft) stone stele. It consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis) as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free, man or woman.

The Code of Hammurabi

Author : Robert Francis Harper
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 155635567X
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi by : Robert Francis Harper

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi written by Robert Francis Harper and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intention of Ancient Texts and Translations (ATT) is to make available a variety of ancient documents and document collections to a broad range of readers. The series will include reprints of long out-of- print volumes, revisions of earlier editions, and completely new volumes. The understanding of ancient societies depends upon our close reading of the documents, however fragmentary, that have survived. --K. C. Hanson Series Editor

The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon

Author : Hammurabi
Publisher : Good Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon by : Hammurabi

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon written by Hammurabi and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2021-04-10 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Code of Hammurabi" is the most comprehensive extant collection of Babylonian laws formed during the reign of Hammurabi of the 1st dynasty of Babylon. It consists of his legal decisions collected toward the end of his rule and carved on a diorite stela set up in Babylon's temple of Marduk, the national god of Babylonia. The 282 case laws in this work include economic provisions, family law, criminal law, and civil law. Penalties differed depending on the offenders' status and the circumstances of the crimes.

The Oldest Code of Laws in the World

Author : Hammurabi (King of Babylonia.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oldest Code of Laws in the World by : Hammurabi (King of Babylonia.)

Download or read book The Oldest Code of Laws in the World written by Hammurabi (King of Babylonia.) and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Code of Hammurabi

Author : King Hammurabi
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781987656305
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (563 download)

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Book Synopsis The Code of Hammurabi by : King Hammurabi

Download or read book The Code of Hammurabi written by King Hammurabi and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-04-07 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi is one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes of law. This is volume 2 in the series of 150 volumes entitled " The Trail to Liberty. " It was written in 1754 B.C. by The Babylonian King Hammurabi. King Hammurabi's Code was carved onto a massive, finger-shaped black stone stele (pillar) that was looted by invaders and finally rediscovered in 1901. The code is inscribed in the Akkadian language, using cuneiform script carved into the stele. It is considered one of the first documents that codified or formed a foundation of what would become known as civil and criminal law, especially in the West. The following is a partial list (20 of 150) of books in this series on the development of constitutional law. The Code of Hammurabi was a Mesopotamian legal code that laid a foundation for later Hebraic and European law. 1. Laws of the town Eshnunna (ca. 1800 BC), the laws of King Lipit-Ishtar of Isin (ca. 1930 BC), and Old Babylonian copies (ca. 1900-1700 BC) of the Ur-Nammu law code 2. Code of Hammurabi ( 1760 BCE) - Early Mesopotamian legal code laid basis for later Hebraic and European law. 3. Ancient Greek and Latin Library - Selected works on ancient history, customs and laws. 4. The Civil Law, tr. & ed. Samuel Parsons Scott (1932) - Includes the classics of ancient Roman law: the Law of the Twelve Tables (450 BCE), the Institutes of Gaius (180), the Rules of Ulpian (222), the Opinions of Paulus (224), the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian (533), which codified Roman Law, and the Constitutions of Leo. 5. "Constitution" of Medina (Dustur al-Madinah), Mohammed (622) - Not so much a constitution as a treaty which united Muslims, Jews, Christians and pagans, in the city-state of Medina, that exhibits some principles of constitutional design. 6. Policraticus, John of Salisbury (1159), various translations - Argued that citizens have the right to depose and kill tyrannical rulers. 7. Constitutions of Clarendon (1164) - Established rights of laymen and the church in England. 8. Assize of Clarendon (1166) - Defined rights and duties of courts and people in criminal cases. 9. Assize of Arms (1181) - Defined rights and duties of people and militias. 10. Magna Carta (1215) - Established the principle that no one, not even the king or a lawmaker, is above the law. 11. Britton, (written 1290, printed 1530) - Abridged, updated, more readable, and more widely used codification based on Bracton, originally in the French of the English court, reflecting changes in the law, including changes in juries. 12. Confirmatio Cartarum (1297) - United Magna Carta to the common law by declaring that the Magna Carta could be pled in court. 13. The Declaration of Arbroath (1320) - Scotland's declaration of independence from England. 14. The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli (1513) - Practical advice on governance and statecraft, with thoughts on the kinds of problems any government must be able to solve to endure. 15. Utopia, Thomas More (1516) - Satirical analysis of shortcomings of his society and a vision of what could be. 16. Discourses on Livy, Niccolò Machiavelli (1517 tr. Henry Neville 1675) - Argues for the ideal form of government being a republic based on popular consent, defended by militia. 17. Relectiones, Franciscus de Victoria (lect. 1532, first pub. 1557) - Includes De Indis and De iure belli, arguing for humane treatment of native Americans and of enemies in war. Provided the basis for the law of nations doctrine. 18. Discourse on Voluntary Servitude, Étienne De La Boétie (1548, tr.) - People are ultimately responsible for their servitude, and non-violent resistance can win their freedom. 19. De Republica Anglorum, Thomas Smith (1565, 1583) - describes the constitution of England under Elizabeth I, that indicates tendencies toward republican ideals. 20. Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos (Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants), "Junius Brutus" (Orig. Fr. 1581, Eng. tr. 1622, 1689).

The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi

Author : Stanley Arthur Cook
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi by : Stanley Arthur Cook

Download or read book The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi written by Stanley Arthur Cook and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Oldest Code of Laws in the World

Author : Hammurabi
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781502951519
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oldest Code of Laws in the World by : Hammurabi

Download or read book The Oldest Code of Laws in the World written by Hammurabi and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of Hammurabi is one of the most important monuments in the history of the human race. Containing as it does the laws which were enacted by a king of Babylonia in the third millennium B.C., whose rule extended over the whole of Mesopotamia from the mouths of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates to the Mediterranean coast, we must regard it with interest. But when we reflect that the ancient Hebrew tradition ascribed the migration of Abraham from Ur of the Chaldees to this very period, and clearly means to represent their tribe father as triumphing over this very same Hammurabi (Amraphel, Gen. xiv. 1), we can hardly doubt that these very laws were part of that tradition. At any rate, they must have served to imould and fix the ideas of right throughout that great empire, and so form the state of society in Canaan when, five hundred years later, the Hebrews began to dominate that region."