Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Guidelines For The Control And Monitoring Of Methane Gas On Continuous Mining Operations
Download Guidelines For The Control And Monitoring Of Methane Gas On Continuous Mining Operations full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Guidelines For The Control And Monitoring Of Methane Gas On Continuous Mining Operations ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Control and Monitoring of Methane Gas on Continuous Mining Operations by : Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book Guidelines for the Control and Monitoring of Methane Gas on Continuous Mining Operations written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the early 1980s, mine face ventilation systems were designed for ventilating cutting depths up to 20 feet. Since that time, use of remotely operated mining machines have allowed cutting depths to increase to 40 ft, increasing concerns about the effects on methane levels at the mine face area. The principles for efficient methane control during deeper cutting remained the same, namely • Move a sufficient quantity of intake air from the end of the tubing or curtain to the face. • Mix intake air with methane gas liberated at the face. • Move methane contaminated air away from the face. However, when cutting to depths greater than 20 ft (known as deep-cut mining), airflow quantities reaching the face area often decreased because it was difficult to maintain tubing or brattice setback distances. Earlier research showed that use of machine-mounted scrubbers and water sprays increased airflow at the face area during deep cutting. NIOSH research examined how these and other factors affected face airflow. A full-scale ventilation test gallery was used to study how different operating conditions caused airflow patterns and methane distributions near the face to vary. The research results showed that during deep-cut mining • Without additional controls, only a small percentage of the air delivered to the end of the tubing or curtain reached the face area. • Operation of a machine-mounted scrubber increased airflow and reduced methane levels at the face area as long as the quantity of intake air delivered to the end of the curtain or tubing was not reduced. • Operation of water sprays did not significantly increase the volume of air reaching the face but did improve mixing of methane and intake air at the face. Methane monitoring requirements remained the same for deep cutting, but the possibility of rapidly changing conditions at the face increases the need for accurate estimates of face methane concentration. Research examined currently available instrumentation and sampling methods for monitoring methane at the face. In this report several practical guidelines are recommended for controlling and monitoring methane levels in the face areas of underground coal mines.
Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Control and Monitoring of Methane Gas on Continuous Mining Operations by : Charles Darrell Taylor
Download or read book Guidelines for the Control and Monitoring of Methane Gas on Continuous Mining Operations written by Charles Darrell Taylor and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Until the early 1980s, mine face ventilation systems were designed for ventilating cutting depths up to 20 feet. Since that time, use of remotely operated mining machines have allowed cutting depths to increase to 40 ft, increasing concerns about the effects on methane levels at the mine face area. The principles for efficient methane control during deeper cutting remained the same, namely: 1. Move a sufficient quantity of intake air from the end of the tubing or curtain to the face. 2. Mix intake air with methane gas liberated at the face. 3. Move methane contaminated air away from the face. However, when cutting to depths greater than 20 ft (known as deep-cut mining), airflow quantities reaching the face area often decreased because it was difficult to maintain tubing or brattice setback distances. Earlier research showed that use of machine-mounted scrubbers and water sprays increased airflow at the face area during deep cutting. NIOSH research examined how these and other factors affected face airflow. A full-scale ventilation test gallery was used to study how different operating conditions caused airflow patterns and methane distributions near the face to vary. The research results showed that during deep-cut mining: 1. Without additional controls, only a small percentage of the air delivered to the end of the tubing or curtain reached the face area. 2. Operation of a machine-mounted scrubber increased airflow and reduced methane levels at the face area as long as the quantity of intake air delivered to the end of the curtain or tubing was not reduced. 3. Operation of water sprays did not significantly increase the volume of air reaching the face but did improve mixing of methane and intake air at the face. Methane monitoring requirements remained the same for deep cutting, but the possibility of rapidly changing conditions at the face increases the need for accurate estimates of face methane concentration. Research examined currently available instrumentation and sampling methods for monitoring methane at the face. The results from this NIOSH research program demonstrate how existing and new engineering controls can be used to (educe face methane levels. The sampling methods that were investigated can provide better ways to measure methane levels near the front of the continuous mining machine. In this report several practical guidelines are recommended for controlling and monitoring methane levels in the face areas of underground coal mines. Most of the recommendations were based on studies conducted in the NIOSH ventilation test gallery. 1. Free-standing fans can be used to ventilate empty headings in coal mines; a) The fan nozzle should be designed to provide maximum throw distance. b) Recirculation should be minimized by proper placement of fan inlet and or by placing curtains partway across the entry. 2. With blowing systems, the single most important factor on face methane dilution is the velocity of the air directed toward the face; a) For the same airflows, use of tubing rather than a curtain usually provides better control of face methane, especially at longer setback distances. 3. With blowing and exhausting systems, and with the mining machine at the face, use of scrubbers increases the amount of intake airflow reaching the mining face; a) Scrubber and spray systems should be designed to achieve efficient face ventilation for the effective removal of gas from the face. 4. Measurement of airflow speed and direction between the curtain and the face helps to predict methane concentrations in the face area; a) In empty entries, airflow velocity is much lower in narrower entries. More airflow should be provided during box cuts to prevent higher methane levels. 5. Regardless of intake flow quantity, increasing scrubber flow will reduce face methane levels if recirculation is controlled. Recirculation can be controlled by; a) Minimizing leakage around the ventilation curtain; b) Directing scrubber exhaust away from the blowing curtain. With exhaust systems the mouth of the curtain should always be outby the scrubber exhaust. 6. Water sprays on the mining machine should be directed to provide the best airflow across the entire face. 7. Methanometer response times can be measured using either of two techniques developed by NIOSH. Instruments with shorter response times more accurately measure current methane levels. Dust cap design has the greatest effect on response times; a) When selecting a methanometer the dust cap design should be examined. The cap should protect the methane sensor from dust and water but not significantly increase the response time. 8.Alternative methane sampling locations on the mining machine should be compared and selected based on the relative protection provided to the face workers. 9. Mine personnel should be provided with methane monitors that can be worn while working in areas that cannot be regularly monitored. Audible, visual, and vibratory alarms for the monitors should be evaluated based on the environment in which the instruments are used. 10. Miners must be safely removed from a mine without exposure to excessive methane following stoppage of a main fan; a) Mines should be evaluated for the most likely area where methane gas can accumulate following stoppage of a main mine fan. 11. In areas between the mouth of the ventilation curtain and the face, airflow direction is constantly changing and it is difficult to accurately measure flow velocity with a single-axis anemometer (e.g., a vane anemometer); a) Following approval for underground use, multi-axis anemometers should be used to monitor airflow direction and velocity between the mouth of the ventilation curtain or tubing and the face. Multi-axis instruments should also be used to monitor flow at locations outby the mining face. 12. During roof bolting, if it is not practical to monitor methane levels at the mining face, methane levels should be measured with a bolter machine-mounted monitor and a detector held 16 ft inby the last row of bolts using a extensible pole." - NIOSHTIC-2
Book Synopsis Best Practice Guidance for Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines by : United Nations Publications
Download or read book Best Practice Guidance for Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2016 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today coal supplies around 30 per cent of global primary energy and 40 per cent of global electricity. Coal extraction has become increasingly challenging as shallow reserves are exhausted and deeper seams, with significant content of methane, are mined. Societies are demanding and expecting safer mine working conditions, and greater environmental stewardship from the coal industry. The global coal industry, national governments, trade unions, and worker safety advocates are concerned that the frequency and severity of methane explosions, especially in emerging economies, are unacceptably high. Coal mine methane (CMM) only becomes flammable and creates an explosion hazard when allowed to mix with air. Methane-rich gases, generally containing 80 per cent to 95 per cent methane at underground mining depths, occur naturally in coal seams and are released as CMM when coal seams are disturbed by mining activities. Methane is an explosive gas in the range of 5 per cent to 15 per cent methane in air. The application of best practices for methane drainage and use is critical to reduce methane-related accidents and explosions that all too often accompany coal mining, while also contributing to environmental protection through reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Good mining practices need to be transferred to all countries to ensure that risks are managed professionally and effectively. No mine, even in the most developed countries, is free from safety risks. Regardless of location or mining conditions, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of methane related incidents and explosions. Good safety practice in coal mines is to reduce explosion risk by preventing the occurrence of explosive mixtures and, where practical, by monitoring and rapidly diluting explosive mixtures to safe concentrations.
Book Synopsis Mining goes Digital by : Christoph Mueller
Download or read book Mining goes Digital written by Christoph Mueller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conferences on ‘Applications for Computers and Operations Research in the Minerals Industry’ (APCOM) initially focused on the optimization of geostatistics and resource estimation. Several standard methods used in these fields were presented in the early days of APCOM. While geostatistics remains an important part, information technology has emerged, and nowadays APCOM not only focuses on geostatistics and resource estimation, but has broadened its horizon to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the mineral industry. Mining Goes Digital is a collection of 90 high quality, peer reviewed papers covering recent ICT-related developments in: - Geostatistics and Resource Estimation - Mine Planning - Scheduling and Dispatch - Mine Safety and Mine Operation - Internet of Things, Robotics - Emerging Technologies - Synergies from other industries - General aspects of Digital Transformation in Mining Mining Goes Digital will be of interest to professionals and academics involved or interested in the above-mentioned areas.
Book Synopsis Handbook for Methane Control in Mining by : Fred N. Kissell
Download or read book Handbook for Methane Control in Mining written by Fred N. Kissell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Creating a Safer Environment in U.S. Coal Mines by : Milford L. Skow
Download or read book Creating a Safer Environment in U.S. Coal Mines written by Milford L. Skow and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309470501 Total Pages :251 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Book Synopsis U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining by : United States. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Download or read book U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining written by United States. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methane Control in Tunneling by : Fred N. Kissell
Download or read book Methane Control in Tunneling written by Fred N. Kissell and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methane Buildup During Cutting and Continuous Mining Operations by : R. Ward Stahl
Download or read book Methane Buildup During Cutting and Continuous Mining Operations written by R. Ward Stahl and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methane Control in Eastern U.S. Coal Mines by :
Download or read book Methane Control in Eastern U.S. Coal Mines written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methane Control in Eastern U.S. Coal Mines by :
Download or read book Methane Control in Eastern U.S. Coal Mines written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe Publisher :United Nations Publications ISBN 13 :9789211170184 Total Pages :69 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (71 download)
Book Synopsis Best Practice Guidance for Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines by : United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe
Download or read book Best Practice Guidance for Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal mines are not only a safety management challenge but also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane release during coal mining creates unsafe working conditions in underground coal mines around the world. This Guidance is intended to provide a genuine contribution to improve mine safety practices at active underground coal mines, by supporting safer mining practices to reduce fatalities, injuries, and property losses, while encouraging the use of coal mine methane (CMM) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and utilize otherwise - wasted energy resources.
Book Synopsis Advances in Productive, Safe, and Responsible Coal Mining by : Joseph Hirschi
Download or read book Advances in Productive, Safe, and Responsible Coal Mining written by Joseph Hirschi and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Productive, Safe, and Responsible Coal Mining covers the latest advancements in coal mining technology and practices. It gives a comprehensive introduction to the latest research and technology developments, addressing problems and issues currently being faced, and is a valuable resource of complied technical information on the latest coal mining safety and health research. As coal's staying power has been at the forefront of the world’s energy mix for more than a century, this book explores critical issues affecting coal mining, including how to maintain low-cost productivity, address health and safety hazards, and how to be responsible environmental stewards. This book takes a holistic approach in addressing each issue from the perspective of its impact on the coal mining operation and industry as a whole. Explains how to effectively produce coal within existing environmental constraints Encapsulates the latest health and safety research and technological advances in the coal mining industry Written by authors who have developed the latest technology for coal mines
Book Synopsis Methane Control in United States Coal Mines by : Michael George Zabetakis
Download or read book Methane Control in United States Coal Mines written by Michael George Zabetakis and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal will continue to provide a major portion of energy requirements in the United States for at least the next several decades. It is imperative that accurate information describing the amount, location, and quality of the coal resources and reserves be available to fulfill energy needs. It is also important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. A renewed focus on federal support for coal-related research, coordinated across agencies and with the active participation of the states and industrial sector, is a critical element for each of these requirements. Coal focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, transportation of coal and coal products, and coal utilization.
Book Synopsis Best Practice Guidance for Effective Management of Coal Mine Methane at National Level by : United Nations Publications
Download or read book Best Practice Guidance for Effective Management of Coal Mine Methane at National Level written by United Nations Publications and published by . This book was released on 2022-04 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Methane (CH4) is the second most prevalent anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO2), the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the former is 28-34 times higher than that of the latter. Coal mining is a major source of methane emissions, accounting for about 12% of global total anthropogenic emissions of that gas. Most emissions come from underground working mines, but those from abandoned mines are raising. Action on methane requires a solid understanding of emission sources at national, subnational, and local levels. Only with reliable emissions data, can policymakers design effective GHG policies, evaluate mitigation opportunities, and comply with their international climate commitments. National monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) programs can not only help countries better understand the contribution of coal mining to their overall methane and GHG emissions, but also identify opportunities for mitigation. In particular, MRV can help assess and track the effectiveness of the adopted climate policies. Setting up efficient MRV schemes is also important to deliver on international climate commitments in the context of the Paris Agreement.
