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Grid Connection Of Gotikhel Micro Hydropower Plant Without Interrupting Isolated Load
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Book Synopsis Grid Connection of Gotikhel Micro Hydropower Plant without Interrupting Isolated Load by : Suman Budhathoki
Download or read book Grid Connection of Gotikhel Micro Hydropower Plant without Interrupting Isolated Load written by Suman Budhathoki and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-11-08 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1.7, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus, course: Electric Power Engineering - Micro Hydro-power and its grid connection, language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction Gotikhel Hydropower Plant (GHP) is one of the nearest Isolated Micro Hydropower Plant (MHP) from the main city out of 650 isolated MHPs available in Nepal which still supplies electrical power to 173 Households, one hull machine and one school. The extension of national grid has made life of MHPs insecure as consumers want the energy from more reliable source i.e. from national grid. In the context of Nepal, especially in rural areas, construction of MHPs are very costly and because of unplanned extension of national grid, some of MHPs are in closing conditions and same cases will continue more in future. So, there is a huge risk in big investments and valuable efforts of villagers. Synchronization of MHPs to the national grid will be the ultimate solution for the existence of MHPs in Nepal. So, this Master Thesis will also focus on grid connection of GHP and consequent impacts on technical as well as financial sectors before and after the grid connection of GHP. 2. Objectives Taking GHP as a private/ community pilot project for grid connection in Nepal, the following objectives of grid-connected MHPs has been generalized: • To ensure optimum use of national resource and fulfill the possible new demand of energy in rural areas since grid connection and Power Exchange Agreement (PEA) allow the Rural Electrification Entity (REE) to sell their excess energy to Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) grid and the REE can purchase the required energy from the grid when the demand of its members surpass the generation by MHP(s) under it. • To facilitate development of new MHPs by local communities, Individual Power Producers as they can profiteer by selling the excess energy to the grid. • To ensure market for spill energy of MHPs. . 3. Contents of the thesis This thesis includes following: • Introduction of GHP • Problem Analysis of GHP • Technical aspects of GHP - Turbine and turbine selection - Turbine Control System - Generator - Distribution Transformer - Switchgear Equipment - Protection system - Transmission and distribution systems - Instrumentation - Single line diagram of GHP - Synchronization • Short circuit and load flow analysis • Financial aspects of GHP • Impacts of grid connection • Conclusion
Book Synopsis Grid Connection of Gotikhel Micro Hydropower Plant Without Interrupting Isolated Load by : Suman Budhathoki
Download or read book Grid Connection of Gotikhel Micro Hydropower Plant Without Interrupting Isolated Load written by Suman Budhathoki and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-11-12 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1.7, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus, course: Electric Power Engineering - Micro Hydro-power and its grid connection, language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction Gotikhel Hydropower Plant (GHP) is one of the nearest Isolated Micro Hydropower Plant (MHP) from the main city out of 650 isolated MHPs available in Nepal which still supplies electrical power to 173 Households, one hull machine and one school. The extension of national grid has made life of MHPs insecure as consumers want the energy from more reliable source i.e. from national grid. In the context of Nepal, especially in rural areas, construction of MHPs are very costly and because of unplanned extension of national grid, some of MHPs are in closing conditions and same cases will continue more in future. So, there is a huge risk in big investments and valuable efforts of villagers. Synchronization of MHPs to the national grid will be the ultimate solution for the existence of MHPs in Nepal. So, this Master Thesis will also focus on grid connection of GHP and consequent impacts on technical as well as financial sectors before and after the grid connection of GHP. 2. Objectives Taking GHP as a private/ community pilot project for grid connection in Nepal, the following objectives of grid-connected MHPs has been generalized: - To ensure optimum use of national resource and fulfill the possible new demand of energy in rural areas since grid connection and Power Exchange Agreement (PEA) allow the Rural Electrification Entity (REE) to sell their excess energy to Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) grid and the REE can purchase the required energy from the grid when the demand of its members surpass the generation by MHP(s) under it. - To facilitate development of new MHPs by local communities, Individual Power Producers as they can profiteer by selling the excess energy to the grid. - To ensure market for spill energy of MHPs
Book Synopsis Isolation and Characterization of Dye Degrading Micro-Organisms from Textile Waste Water by : Sayyed Zara Abdeen
Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Dye Degrading Micro-Organisms from Textile Waste Water written by Sayyed Zara Abdeen and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: A, course: B. Sc Biotech, language: English, abstract: The experiment was carried out to degrade the dyes by using bacterial isolates extracted from textile dye effluents. Five different bacterial isolates were screened and they have capability to degrade and decolorize the textile dye effluents. In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the potential of isolated bacterium for decolorization of lacto phenol cotton blue, Acetocarmine red & Eriochrome black T in batch reactors. Bacteria from textile waste water were subjected to acclimatization with dyes, in the basal nutrient media. The most promising bacterial isolate was used for further dye degradation studies. Biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as Pseudomonas spp. The optimum pH and temperature for the decolorization was 6.0 and 37°C, respectively. This decolorization potential increased the applicability of this microorganism for the dye removal.
Book Synopsis Low-cost Electrification by : Nigel Smith
Download or read book Low-cost Electrification written by Nigel Smith and published by Itdg Working Papers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 130 million people are affected by natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, droughts and cyclones. This book explores these issues from a South Asian standpoint, presented in the form of case studies and essays by experts from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
Book Synopsis DFIG-based Wind Power Conversion System Connected to Grid by : Akshay Kumar
Download or read book DFIG-based Wind Power Conversion System Connected to Grid written by Akshay Kumar and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Engineering - Power Engineering, grade: 7.8, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, course: M.Tech, language: English, abstract: Wind generation has become the most important alternate energy source and has experienced increased progress in India during the past decade. While it has great potential as an alternative to less environmentally friendly energy sources, there are various technical challenges that cause wind to be considered negatively by many utilities. Wind energy conversion systems suffer from the fact that their real power generation is closely dependent on the local environmental conditions. The Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind turbine with variable-speed variable-pitch control scheme is the most popular wind power generator in the wind power industry. This machine can be operated either in grid connected or standalone mode. In this thesis, a detailed electromechanical model of a DFIG-based wind turbine connected to power grid as well as separately operated wind turbine system with different sub-systems is developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and its equivalent generator and turbine control structure is realized. In this regard following configurations have been considered: • DFIG with Battery storage sub-system • DFIG with Buck-Boost converter • DFIG with transformer • DFIG with 3-winding transformer Addition of battery storage and buck-boost converter sub-systems into the system enables not only dispatching of generator power but also decreases the variability in their reactive power requirements. The full control over both active and reactive power is possible by the use of transformer between DFIG and rotor side converter. The steady state behavior of the overall wind turbine system is presented and the steady state reactive power ability of the DFIG is analyzed. It has been shown that major part of the reactive power should be supplied from rotor side converter to reduce the overall rating of the generator. The DFIG with above mentioned sub-systems is connected to grid. The total harmonic distortion analysis and efficiency are carried out. It is found that DFIG with transformer in between machine and rotor side converter has lowest THD (2.29%) and DFIG with 3-winding transformer has maximum efficiency (above 93%).
Book Synopsis Study of Price Adjustment Contract Administration In Nepalese Construction Contracts (Road) by : Sabin Koirala
Download or read book Study of Price Adjustment Contract Administration In Nepalese Construction Contracts (Road) written by Sabin Koirala and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Engineering - Civil Engineering, , language: English, abstract: One of the wide ranging problems which construction industry is facing is the fluctuation in prices of construction inputs which is causing most of the projects to be completed at cost much higher than the original contract prices. In the recent past, we have seen significant price escalation occurring not only with the basic construction materials but also with the labor and fuel which creates uncertainty among the participants involved in a construction project. To overcome the effect of price fluctuations, certain methods or contract clauses are desired to deal with this uncertainty. The main purpose of the price adjustment clauses is to allow the contractors and clients to adjust the increase or decrease in prices. In addition to this, it also encourages competitive bidding. The objective of this research study is to study importance of price adjustment in construction contract and analyzing the response of the different stakeholders in construction contracts regarding FIDIC formula and suggesting for improvement. Similarly, identifying different cost element, weightings and determining contingency is also goal of research so that price adjustment contract administration becomes systematic, equitable and with less ambiguity. Recently, the price fluctuation of construction materials and services in Nepal has become severe and very much unpredictable. Most of the contractors in Construction Industry, especially local contractors, are facing strong challenges during bid process due to the high uncertainty of predicting what would happen during the course of the execution of the project. Based on the above explained fact, the research problem has been addressed in this research by conducting diagnostic survey among ten contracting firms working on ADB project, collecting data with the help of questionnaire, distributed to contractors, consultant, client and conducting desk study on ADB projects, World bank projects, Midhill highway and RIP projects under department of Road whose construction were started after 2014 and construction progress was more than 80 %.
Book Synopsis Mountain Farming and Policies by : Pravin Gautam
Download or read book Mountain Farming and Policies written by Pravin Gautam and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Agrarian Studies, course: Agricultural Policy, language: English, abstract: Geographical Condition: Nepal, predominantly a mountainous, agrarian and landlocked country, has an area of 147,181 sq.km. with a population of about 22.3 million. It is geographically divided into three geo-ecological zones: Mountain (4,877m - 8,848 m above the mean sea level), Hills (610 m - 4,877m), and Terai (59 m - 610m). The Terai region, a low flat land, is an extension of the Gangetic plains of India. It is a narrow tropical belt occupying 23 percent of the country's total land area providing dwelling to 49.06 percent of the total population. About 40 percent area of the region is cultivable. [...]
Book Synopsis Assessing the Level of Stakeholder Involvement During Planning Stage of Public Sector Construction Projects in Pakistan by : Ayesha Ahmad
Download or read book Assessing the Level of Stakeholder Involvement During Planning Stage of Public Sector Construction Projects in Pakistan written by Ayesha Ahmad and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: A, Bahria University (Bahria University Lahore), course: MS Project Management - Stakeholder Engagement, language: English, abstract: Construction projects, from their early stages to the completion phases are executed through the efforts and involvement of various groups of people. These groups are referred to as the ‘project stakeholders’. For successful implementation of a construction project, stakeholder management has got a crucial role. Stakeholder management is not an easy task and it needs proper consideration for successful implementation of a construction project. Based on the observations and previous researches, a gap has been identified regarding evaluation of stakeholder involvement during planning stage of the construction projects in Pakistani Construction industry. Therefore, the current research aims at the evaluation of level of stakeholder involvement during planning stage of construction projects at Pakistan level. One of the aims of this research is also to understand the concept of the stakeholder involvement in the construction industry and for examining the ways that stakeholder engagement can be empowered appropriately and efficiently to assist in achieving the ultimate goals of the project in shape of project out comes. Through the literature major stakeholders involved in a construction project are identified as: client, project management team, consultant and design team, contractor, sub-contractor, suppliers, employees, local communities, sponsor and government authorities. The involvement level of these stakeholders has been assessed on different project planning activities. The results show that early stakeholder involvement help the organization for finding better solutions for the problems. Moreover, it helps in aligning the project goals with stakeholder expectations. In different planning activities different involvement levels of stakeholders have been identified. Project managers have the highest involvement during the planning stage and local communities have the least. It revealed that considerate attention should be given to empowering the more effective incorporation of different project members during the project planning process. Analysis of the result also confirmed the findings from the literature stating that an effective involvement of stakeholders will highly contribute to resolving, or improving several issues involved in the project early. It is therefore recommended that the project managers should adopt improved decision making strategies for effective stakeholder involvement employing the different useful technique.
Book Synopsis The Prospects of Democracy in Nepal by : Sebastian Erckel
Download or read book The Prospects of Democracy in Nepal written by Sebastian Erckel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: good, University of Kerala (Department of Political Science), course: Politics of South Asia, language: English, abstract: This essay analyses the chances for democracy in Nepal after the declaration of the Republic of Nepal. This is done by examining earlier experiments with democracy and the reasons for their failure. The main actors of Nepali politics, namely the so- called democratic parties (Nepali Congress and the Left), the Monarchy and the Maoists, receive special attention. South Asia is widely considered to be one of the most volatile regions in the world. In the roughly 60 years since the end of the colonial era the region has witnessed almost all possible types of internal and external conflicts- from wars between states to military takeovers, ethnic insurgencies and social uprisings. While every country was affected, the distinct geographical and cultural features of South Asia contributed to a dangerous interrelatedness of these conflicts. The situation has become even more threatening after both India and Pakistan successfully tested nuclear weapons in 1998. However, the year 2008 has seen some remarkable developments in South Asia that give reason to look at least cautiously optimistic into the future. In Pakistan, elections marked the return to civilian rule, Bhutan experienced its first elections ever, and in Nepal a Constituent Assembly was elected that shortly afterwards abolished the world's last Hindu monarchy by declaring the country a federal and secular republic. Furthermore, the caretaker government in Bangladesh has announced its plans to hold elections at the end of the year. Nonetheless, history indicates that a reversal of these developments cannot be ruled out. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the prospects of democratisation in the light of past events. This paper attempts to assess the chances of a successful democratisation pr
