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Grazing Incidence X Ray Scattering From Magnetic Thin Films And Nanostructures
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Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering from Magnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures by : David Samuel Eastwood
Download or read book Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering from Magnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures written by David Samuel Eastwood and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing incidence scattering of synchrotron x-rays has been used to characterize the structure of magnetic thin films and periodic nanostructures. The combined metal and metal oxide films have been chosen to clarify the effects of growth processing techniques in technologically important magnetic and magnetoresistive thin film materials, and have particular relevance to the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) class of magnetic sensor. Co/Al2O3 thin films and Co/MgO multilayer thin films have been characterized using x-ray reflectivity and diffuse scatter analysis to explain how preparatory oxidation of the lower ferromagnet in an MTJ can reduce N?el interlayer coupling and improve the consistency of magnetoresistance. Measurements reveal differing effects for Al2O3 and MgO tunnel barrier materials. In Co/Al2O3 systems, preoxidation is found to reduce significantly chemical interdiffusion at the interface between the two layers, implying a more uniform oxidation of the barrier layer. In Co/MgO multilayers, an increased in-plane correlation length of the inherited interface roughness is seen after preoxidation. This implies that preoxidation suppresses the short wavelength undulations on both sides of the tunnel barrier that cause N?el coupling. Grazing incidence in-plane diffraction measurements on epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe [001] and Fe/Au/MgO/Fe [001] films during annealing to 600 K have shown that, in both cases, the MgO lattice is initially strained towards being commensurate with the iron and gold layers, but relaxes after annealing towards a typical bulk MgO lattice. The iron and gold layers display linear thermal expansion at rates consistent with the bulk material. These in-plane lattice measurements demonstrate how the strain and strain dispersion in an epitaxial MgO barrier layer can be relieved under controlled annealing conditions. Finally, patterned thin film surfaces with submicron periodic symmetries have been studied by grazing incidence x-ray scattering. A novel semi-kinematical theory has been developed into a numerical algorithm capable of simulating the scatter from a wide range of arbitrary and disordered nanoscale arrays. This has allowed key structural parameters including array periodicity, symmetry and array coherence lengths to be extracted from experimental data.
Book Synopsis High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering by : Ullrich Pietsch
Download or read book High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering written by Ullrich Pietsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 20 years interest in high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and reflectivity has grown as a result of the development of the semiconductor industry and the increasing interest in material research of thin layers of magnetic, organic, and other materials. For example, optoelectronics requires a subsequent epitaxy of thin layers of different semiconductor materials. Here, the individuallayer thicknesses are scaled down to a few atomic layers in order to exploit quantum effects. For reasons of electronic and optical confinement, these thin layers are embedded within much thicker cladding layers or stacks of multilayers of slightly different chemical composition. It is evident that the interface quality of those quantum weHs is quite important for the function of devices. Thin metallic layers often show magnetic properties which do not ap pear for thick layers or in bulk material. The investigation of the mutual interaction of magnetic and non-magnetic layers leads to the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, for example. This property is strongly related to the thickness and interface roughness of covered layers.
Book Synopsis Low-Angle Polarized Neutron and X-Ray Scattering from Magnetic Nanolayers and Nanostructures by : Amitesh Paul
Download or read book Low-Angle Polarized Neutron and X-Ray Scattering from Magnetic Nanolayers and Nanostructures written by Amitesh Paul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-12 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph presents the latest results related to the characterization of low dimensional systems. Low-angle polarized neutron scattering and X-ray scattering at grazing incidence are used as the two main techniques to explore various physical phenomena of these systems. Special focus is put on systems like thin film transition metal and rare-earth layers, oxide heterostructures, hybrid systems, self-assembled nanostructures and self-diffusion. Readers will gain in-depth knowledge about the usage of specular scattering and off-specular scattering techniques. Investigation of in-plane and out-of-plane structures and magnetism with vector magnetometric information is illustrated comprehensively. The book caters to a wide audience working in the field of nano-dimensional magnetic systems and the neutron and X-ray reflectometry community in particular.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering from the Interfaces of Thin Film Magnetic Device Materials by :
Download or read book Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering from the Interfaces of Thin Film Magnetic Device Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for In- Situ Time-Resolved Studies by : Gonzalo Santoro
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for In- Situ Time-Resolved Studies written by Gonzalo Santoro and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of third-generation synchrotron sources and the development of fast two-dimensional X-ray detectors, X-ray scattering has become an invaluable tool for in-situ time-resolved experiments. In the case of thin films, grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) constitutes a powerful technique to extract morphological information not only of the thin film surface but also of buried structures with statistical relevance. Thus, recently in-situ GISAXS experiments with subsecond time resolution have enabled investigating the self-assembly processes during vacuum deposition of metallic and organic thin films as well as the structural changes of polymer and colloidal thin films in the course of wet deposition. Moreover, processing of thin films has also been investigated in-situ employing GISAXS. In this chapter, we review the current trends of time-resolved GISAXS studies. After an introduction to the GISAXS technique, we present exemplary results of metallic and organic thin film preparation, wet deposition of polymer thin films and self-assembly of colloidal thin films, as well as examples of thin film modification in, e.g., microfluidic channels and within working devices. Finally, an overview of the future perspectives in the field is provided.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering by : Joanne Rachel Levine
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering written by Joanne Rachel Levine and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis X-ray Scattering by : Alicia Esther Ares
Download or read book X-ray Scattering written by Alicia Esther Ares and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray scattering techniques are a family of nondestructive analytical techniques. Using these techniques, scientists obtain information about the crystal structure and chemical and physical properties of materials. Nowadays, different techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength. This book is intended to give overviews of the relevant X-ray scattering techniques, particularly about inelastic X-ray scattering, elastic scattering, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and, finally, applications of X-ray spectroscopy to study different biological systems.
Book Synopsis X-ray and Neutron Scattering from Surfaces and Thin Films by : M. Bienfait
Download or read book X-ray and Neutron Scattering from Surfaces and Thin Films written by M. Bienfait and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoalloys written by Damien Alloyeau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-13 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bimetallic nanoparticles, also called nanoalloys, are at the heart of nanoscience because of their ability to tune together composition and size for specific purposes. By approaching both their physical and chemical properties, Nanoalloys: Synthesis, Structure & Properties provides a comprehensive reference to this research field in nanoscience by addressing the subject from both experimental and theoretical points of view, providing chapters across three main topics: Growth and structural properties Thermodynamics and electronic structure of nanoalloys Magnetic, optic and catalytic properties The growth and elaboration processes which are the necessary and crucial part of any experimental approach are detailed in the first chapter. Three chapters are focused on the widely used characterization techniques sensitive to both the structural arrangements and chemistry of nanoalloys. The electronic structure of nanoalloys is described as a guide of useful concepts and theoretical tools. Chapters covering thermodynamics begin with bulk alloys, going to nanoalloys via surfaces in order to describe chemical order/disorder, segregation and phase transitions in reduced dimension. Finally, the optical, magnetic and catalytic properties are discussed by focusing on nanoparticles formed with one element to track the modifications which occur when forming nanoalloys. The range and detail of Nanoalloys: Synthesis, Structure & Properties makes it an ideal resource for postgraduates and researchers working in the field of nanoscience looking to expand and support their knowledge of nanoalloys.
Book Synopsis Grazing-Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering in Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low-Energy X-Rays by : Katsuhiro Yamamoto
Download or read book Grazing-Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering in Polymer Thin Films Utilizing Low-Energy X-Rays written by Katsuhiro Yamamoto and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intricate nanoscopic morphology of soft materials such as block copolymer and polymer blend system successfully analyzed by small angle X-ray scatterings (SAXS). In thin films, those soft material systems have attracted great attention because of a potential for practical use of functional materials. The morphology has been revealed by grazing-incidence (GI) methods. Recently, advanced grazing-incidence technique for analysis for surface-, volume-, and material-sensitive method (high time, spatial, and/or material resolution) has been reported. Using low X-ray photon energy, tender X-ray (1-4 eV) and soft X-ray near K-edge carbon, allows probing a complex nanomorphology with those sensitivity. In this chapter, recent GI-SAXS with tender X-ray and resonant soft X-ray (GI-RSoX) will be picked up to open for discussion on new possibility of structural analyses.
Book Synopsis High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering from Thin Films and Multilayers by : Vaclav Holy
Download or read book High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering from Thin Films and Multilayers written by Vaclav Holy and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-12-11 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical overview presents experimental methods for solving most frequent strucutral problems of mono-crystalline thin films and layered systems: thickness, crystalline state, strain distribution, interface quality and other properties. A unified theoretical approach based on kinematical and dynamical scattering theories describes the experimental methods. This book is a ready-to-hand reference for experimentalists who want to improve their knowledge on modern x-ray methods for thin-film analysis.
Book Synopsis Engineering Thin Films and Nanostructures with Ion Beams by : Emile Knystautas
Download or read book Engineering Thin Films and Nanostructures with Ion Beams written by Emile Knystautas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ion-beam techniques have been used to create thin films in the semiconductor industry for several decades, these methods have been too costly for other surface treatment applications. However, as manufacturing devices become increasingly smaller, the use of a directed-energy ion beam is finding novel industrial applications that require the custom tailoring of new materials and devices, including magnetic storage devices, photonics, opto-electronics, and molecular transport. Engineering Thin Films and Nanostructures with Ion Beams offers a thorough narrative of the recent advances that make this technology relevant to current and future applications. Featuring internationally recognized researchers, the book compiles their expertise in a multidimensional source that: Highlights the mechanisms and visual evidence of the effects of single-ion impacts on metallic surfaces Considers how ion-beam techniques can help achieve higher disk-drive densities Introduces gas-cluster ion-beam technology and reviews its precedents Explains how ion beams are used to aggregate metals and semiconductors into nanoclusters with nonlinear optical properties Addresses current challenges in building equipment needed to produce nanostructures in an industrial setting Examines the combination of ion-beam techniques, particularly with physical vapor deposition Delineates the fabrication of nanopillars, nanoflowers, and interconnected nanochannels in three dimensions by using atomic shadowing techniques Illustrates the production of nanopores of varying dimensions in polymer films, alloys, and superconductors using ion-beam irradiation Shows how fingerprints can be made more reliable as forensic evidence by recoil-mixing them into the substrate using ion beams From the basics of the ion-beam modification of materials to state-of-the-art applications, Engineering Th
Book Synopsis Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures by : Falko P. Netzer
Download or read book Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Falko P. Netzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures is an interdisciplinary approach to introduce readers to the field of oxide nano-materials, that is oxides of nano-meter size and dimensions. Emphasis is put to differentiate these nanoscale oxide objects from their solid bulk oxide parents and present their properties in a pedagogic way.
Book Synopsis Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures by : Anjan Barman
Download or read book Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Anjan Barman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of spin dynamics and magnetic damping. It discusses the various ways to tune damping, specifically, dynamic and static control in a ferromagnetic layer/heavy metal layer. In addition, it addresses all optical detection techniques for the investigation of modulation of damping, for example, the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique.
Book Synopsis Towards Time Resolved Resonant X-ray Scattering Studies of Magnetization Phenomena by : Bharati Tudu
Download or read book Towards Time Resolved Resonant X-ray Scattering Studies of Magnetization Phenomena written by Bharati Tudu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co/Pd and Co/Pt multilayer films are of particular interest for data storage as perpendicular magnetic recording media. We have fabricated multilayer thin films using magnetron sputtering. The effect of the Pd layer thickness, the sputtering pressure during film growth and the deposition rate on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the domain structure in Co/Pd multilayer films has been studied. Tuning the thickness of Co in Co/Pt multilayers, we have been able to produce magnetic nano islands in which the size of the vortex core can be controlled by the effective anisotropy of the magnetic material. We have investigated the magnetic properties by laboratory based techniques (MOKE, VSM, MFM) and resonant magnetic small angle X-ray scattering. X-ray Fourier transform holography has been applied for element specific imaging of the magnetic domain structure. Towards the final goal of studying magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostructures, we have been able to develop a novel experimental setup well-suited for time-resolved IR laser pump and X-ray scattering probe experiments. We have shown in our experiment that using this set-up time-resolution is only limited by X-ray pulse length.
Book Synopsis X-Ray Scattering from Soft-Matter Thin Films by : Metin Tolan
Download or read book X-Ray Scattering from Soft-Matter Thin Films written by Metin Tolan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of soft-matter thin films (e.g. liquid films, polymer coatings, Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers) nowadays play an important role in materials science. They are also very exciting with respect to fundamental questions: In thin films, liquids and polymers may be considered as trapped in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry. This confined geometry is expected to alter the properties and structures of these materials considerably. This volume is dedicated to the scattering of x-rays by soft-matter interfaces. X-ray scattering under grazing angles is the only tool to investigating these materials on atomic and mesoscopic length scales. A review of the field is presented with many examples.
