Grazing Ecology And Forest History

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Grazing Ecology and Forest History

Author : F. W. M. Vera
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 9780851994420
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (944 download)

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Book Synopsis Grazing Ecology and Forest History by : F. W. M. Vera

Download or read book Grazing Ecology and Forest History written by F. W. M. Vera and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe before man intervened in prehistoric times to develop agriculture. If this intervention had not taken place, the forest would still be there, and if left the grassland vegetation and fields now present would revert to a natural closed forest state, although with a reduced number of wild species. This book, which an updated and expanded version of the author's 1997 thesis (presented to the Wageningen University, Netherlands), challenges the traditional view, using examples from history, pollen analyses and studies on the ecology of tree and shrub species such as oak and hazel. It tests the hypothesis that the climax vegetation is a closed canopy forest, against the alternative hypothesis that species composition and vegetational succession were governed by large herbivores, and that the Central and Western European lowlands were covered by a park-like landscape consisting of grasslands, scrub, solitary trees and groves bordered by a mantle and fringe vegetation. Comparative information from the eastern USA is also included throughout the book (this was not present in the thesis), because the forests there are commonly regarded as being analogous to the primeval vegetation in Europe. The book is arranged in 7 chapters: (1) General introduction and formulation of the problem; (2) Succession, the climax forest and the role of large herbivores; (3) Palynology, the forest as climax in prehistoric times and the effects of humans; (4) The use of the wilderness from the Middle Ages up to 1900; (5) Spontaneous succession in forest reserves in the lowlands of Western and Central Europe - including examples from France, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Sweden, Poland; (6) Establishment of trees and shrubs in relation to light and grazing; and (7) Final synthesis and conclusions. Twelve appendices are included giving further information, and there are 67 pages of references and a subject index.

U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands

Author : William D. Rowley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands by : William D. Rowley

Download or read book U.S. Forest Service Grazing and Rangelands written by William D. Rowley and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early luxury of free forage on unclaimed western public domain allowed the building of fortunes in cattle and sheep and offered opportunities to successive waves of settlement. But the western public lands could not last. The range became overgrazed, overstocked, overcrowded. Animals were lost, much range was irreversible damaged, and even violence occurred as cowmen, sheepmen, and settlers competed for the best forage. Congress intervened by designating the U.S. Forest Service as the pioneer grazing control agency. The Forest Service's controls represent not only attempts to protect a resource but also a social experiment designed to prevent the monopolization of rangelands by large outfits and to encourage small enterprises. The Forest Service has become the undisputed leader in bringing order, rationality, and economic use to the range resources under government supervision. The problems and continuing challenges of the task emerge in these pages.

Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems

Author : R.J. Putman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401160813
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems by : R.J. Putman

Download or read book Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems written by R.J. Putman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Forest in southern England is an area of mixed vegetation set aside as a Royal Hunting Forest in the eleventh century and since that time subjected to heavy grazing pressure from large herbivores. The entire structure of the Forest and its various communities has been developed under this continued history ofheavy grazing, with the estab lishment of a series of vegetational systems unique within the whole of Europe. The effects of large herbivores in the structuring of this eco system in the past, and the pressure of grazing continuing to this day, have in turn a profound influence, indeed the dominating influence, on the whole ecological functioning of the Forest system. Because of its assemblage of unique vegetation types, the area is clearly of tremendous ecological interest in its own right. In addition, its long history of heavy grazing ani the continued intense herbivore pressure make the New Forest an ideal study-site for evaluation of both short-term and long term effects of grazing upon temperate ecosystems. The N ew Forest (some 37,500 ha in total area) currently supports a population of approximately 2,500 wild deer (red, roe, sika and fallow); in addition 3,500 ponies and 2,000 domestic cattle are pastured on the Forest under Common Rights.

Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States :

Author : Daniel G. Milchunas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States : by : Daniel G. Milchunas

Download or read book Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States : written by Daniel G. Milchunas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals

Author : Ian D. Rotherham
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113624221X
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals by : Ian D. Rotherham

Download or read book Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals written by Ian D. Rotherham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive book, the critical components of the European landscape – forest, parkland, and other grazed landscapes with trees are addressed. The book considers the history of grazed treed landscapes, of large grazing herbivores in Europe, and the implications of the past in shaping our environment today and in the future. Debates on the types of anciently grazed landscapes in Europe, and what they tell us about past and present ecology, have been especially topical and controversial recently. This treatment brings the current discussions and the latest research to a much wider audience. The book breaks new ground in broadening the scope of wood-pasture and woodland research to address sites and ecologies that have previously been overlooked but which hold potential keys to understanding landscape dynamics. Eminent contributors, including Oliver Rackham and Frans Vera, present a text which addresses the importance of history in understanding the past landscape, and the relevance of historical ecology and landscape studies in providing a future vision.

The Western Range Revisited

Author : Debra L. Donahue
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806132983
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (329 download)

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Book Synopsis The Western Range Revisited by : Debra L. Donahue

Download or read book The Western Range Revisited written by Debra L. Donahue and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Livestock grazing is the most widespread commercial use of federal public lands. The image of a herd grazing on Bureau of Land Management or U.S. Forest Service lands is so traditional that many view this use as central to the history and culture of the West. Yet the grazing program costs far more to administer than it generates in revenues, and grazing affects all other uses of public lands, causing potentially irreversible damage to native wildlife and vegetation. The Western Range Revisited proposes a landscape-level strategy for conserving native biological diversity on federal rangelands, a strategy based chiefly on removing livestock from large tracts of arid BLM lands in ten western states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Drawing from range ecology, conservation biology, law, and economics, Debra L. Donahue examines the history of federal grazing policy and the current debate on federal multiple-use, sustained-yield policies and changing priorities for our public lands. Donahue, a lawyer and wildlife biologist, uses existing laws and regulations, historical documents, economic statistics, and current scientific thinking to make a strong case for a land-management strategy that has been, until now, "unthinkable." A groundbreaking interdisciplinary work, The Western Range Revisited demonstrates that conserving biodiversity by eliminating or reducing livestock grazing makes economic sense, is ecologically expedient, and can be achieved under current law.

Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests

Author : Alper H. Çolak
Publisher : Pelagic Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1784272663
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (842 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests by : Alper H. Çolak

Download or read book Ancient Woods, Trees and Forests written by Alper H. Çolak and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From antiquity until today, trees and woods have inspired artists, writers and scientists; they have shaped cultures and reverberated through belief systems. Yet worldwide forest cover has declined dramatically over the last 1,000 years. Now, primeval forests are only to be found at a few sites unreachable by humans, and even then they are affected by climate change, atmospheric pollution and species extinctions. Nonetheless, ancient woods, trees and forests are at the core of many global landscapes. Understanding the vital resources that they provide requires genuinely multidisciplinary research. With contributions from major authorities in the field such as Oliver Rackham, Frans Vera, Elisabeth Johann, George Peterken and Melvyn Jones among others, this timely volume reflects on the importance of our oldest trees from a range of perspectives and varied geographical locations. Individual chapters consider eco-cultural heritage, the archaeology of trees, landscape history, forest rights, tree management, saproxylic insects, the importance of deadwood, practical conservation and monitoring, biodiversity, wood-pasture and more. Fresh insights are provided from across Europe as far as Turkey. Given the urgent need to understand, conserve and restore ancient woodlands and trees, this book will do much raise awareness, foster enthusiasm and inspire wonder.

Venerable Trees

Author : Tom Kimmerer
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813165679
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Venerable Trees by : Tom Kimmerer

Download or read book Venerable Trees written by Tom Kimmerer and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Will likely become a classic among books about Kentucky’s natural history and environment, because it covers so much new information.” —Lexington Herald-Leader When the first settlers arrived in the Bluegrass region of Kentucky, they found an astonishing landscape of open woodland grazed by vast herds of bison. Farmers quickly replaced the bison with cattle, sheep, and horses, but left many of the trees to shade their pastures. Today, central Kentucky and central Tennessee still boast one of the largest populations of presettlement trees in the nation, found in both rural and urban areas. In Venerable Trees: History, Biology, and Conservation in the Bluegrass, Tom Kimmerer showcases the beauty, age, size, and splendor of these ancient trees and the remaining woodland pastures. Documenting the distinctive settlement history that allowed for their preservation, Kimmerer explains the biology of Bluegrass trees and explores the reasons why they are now in danger. He also reveals the dedication and creativity of those fighting to conserve these remarkable three-hundred- to five-hundred-year-old plants—from innovative, conscientious developers who build around them rather than clearing the land to farmers who use lightning rods to protect them from natural disasters. Featuring more than one hundred color photographs, this beautifully illustrated book offers guidelines for conserving ancient trees worldwide while educating readers about their life cycle. Venerable Trees is an informative call to understand the challenges faced by the companions so deeply rooted in the region’s heritage and a passionate plea for their preservation. “A fascinating book about a unique landscape in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky.” —Frans Vera, author of Grazing Ecology and Forest History

Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems

Author : R J Putman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401160827
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems by : R J Putman

Download or read book Grazing in Temperate Ecosystems written by R J Putman and published by . This book was released on 1986-04-30 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Restoration and History

Author : Marcus Hall
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135272115
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Restoration and History by : Marcus Hall

Download or read book Restoration and History written by Marcus Hall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from a meeting of an interdisciplinary group of ecologists, geographers, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and philosophers held July 2006 in Zurich, Switzerland.

The Ecology and Management of Prairies in the Central United States

Author : Chris Helzer
Publisher : University of Iowa Press
ISBN 13 : 1587299313
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology and Management of Prairies in the Central United States by : Chris Helzer

Download or read book The Ecology and Management of Prairies in the Central United States written by Chris Helzer and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most prairies exist today as fragmented landscapes, making thoughtful and vigilant management ever more important. Intended for landowners and managers dedicated to understanding and nurturing their prairies as well as farmers, ranchers, conservationists, and all those with a strong interest in grasslands, ecologist Chris Helzer’s readable and practical manual educates prairie owners and managers about grassland ecology and gives them guidelines for keeping prairies diverse, vigorous, and viable. Chapters in the first section, "Prairie Ecology," describe prairie plants and the communities they live in, the ways in which disturbance modifies plant communities, the animal and plant inhabitants that are key to prairie survival, and the importance of diversity within plant and animal communities. Chapters in the second section, "Prairie Management," explore the adaptive management process as well as guiding principles for designing management strategies, examples of successful management systems such as fire and grazing, guidance for dealing with birds and other species that have particular habitat requirements and with the invasive species that have become the most serious threat that prairie managers have to deal with, and general techniques for prairie restoration. Following the conclusion and a forward-thinking note on climate change, eight appendixes provide more information on grazing, prescribed fire, and invasive species as well as bibliographic notes, references, and national and state organizations with expertise in prairie management. Grasslands can be found throughout much of North America, and the ideas and strategies in this book apply to most of them, particularly tallgrass and mixed-grass prairies in eastern North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, northwestern Missouri, northern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin, and southwestern Minnesota. By presenting all the factors that promote biological diversity and thus enhance prairie communities, then incorporating these factors into a set of clear-sighted management practices, The Ecology and Management of Prairies in the Central United States presents the tools necessary to ensure that grasslands are managed in the purposeful ways essential to the continued health and survival of prairie communities.

Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals

Author : Ian D. Rotherham
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415626110
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals by : Ian D. Rotherham

Download or read book Trees, Forested Landscapes and Grazing Animals written by Ian D. Rotherham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive book, the critical components of the European landscape - forest, parkland, and other grazed landscapes with trees are addressed. The book considers the history of grazed treed landscapes, of large grazing herbivores in Europe, and the implications of the past in shaping our environment today and in the future. Debates on the types of anciently grazed landscapes in Europe, and what they tell us about past and present ecology, have been especially topical and controversial recently. This treatment brings the current discussions and the latest research to a much wider audience. The book breaks new ground in broadening the scope of wood-pasture and woodland research to address sites and ecologies that have previously been overlooked but which hold potential keys to understanding landscape dynamics. Eminent contributors, including Oliver Rackham and Frans Vera, present a text which addresses the importance of history in understanding the past landscape, and the relevance of historical ecology and landscape studies in providing a future vision.

Wilderness in Europe : what really goes on between the trees and the beasts

Author : Frans Vera
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789052106885
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Wilderness in Europe : what really goes on between the trees and the beasts by : Frans Vera

Download or read book Wilderness in Europe : what really goes on between the trees and the beasts written by Frans Vera and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Social Lives of Forests

Author : Susanna B. Hecht
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022602413X
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Lives of Forests by : Susanna B. Hecht

Download or read book The Social Lives of Forests written by Susanna B. Hecht and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests are in decline, and the threats these outposts of nature face—including deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation—are the result of human culture. Or are they? This volume calls these assumptions into question, revealing forests’ past, present, and future conditions to be the joint products of a host of natural and cultural forces. Moreover, in many cases the coalescence of these forces—from local ecologies to competing knowledge systems—has masked a significant contemporary trend of woodland resurgence, even in the forests of the tropics. Focusing on the history and current use of woodlands from India to the Amazon, The Social Lives of Forests attempts to build a coherent view of forests sited at the nexus of nature, culture, and development. With chapters covering the effects of human activities on succession patterns in now-protected Costa Rican forests; the intersection of gender and knowledge in African shea nut tree markets; and even the unexpectedly rich urban woodlands of Chicago, this book explores forests as places of significant human action, with complex institutions, ecologies, and economies that have transformed these landscapes in the past and continue to shape them today. From rain forests to timber farms, the face of forests—how we define, understand, and maintain them—is changing.

Historic Records Bearing on Agricultural and Grazing Ecology in Utah

Author : George Stewart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis Historic Records Bearing on Agricultural and Grazing Ecology in Utah by : George Stewart

Download or read book Historic Records Bearing on Agricultural and Grazing Ecology in Utah written by George Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1941* with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Historical Ecology

Author : Guillaume Decocq
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394169752
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (941 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Ecology by : Guillaume Decocq

Download or read book Historical Ecology written by Guillaume Decocq and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-08 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses present-day landscapes, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity as legacies of the past. It implements an interdisciplinary approach to understand how natural or human-impacted ecological systems have changed over time. Historical Ecology combines theory, methods, regional case studies and syntheses to provide a complete up-to-date overview of historical ecology. Beginning with the crucial role of time and inference from observed patterns, the book critically reviews the main methodological approaches, including monitoring of permanent plots, analysis of old maps, repeat photography, remote sensing, soil analysis, charcoal analysis, botanical indicators, and combinations of these methods applied to forest ecosystems. A series of case studies from various biomes shows how historical ecology can help in understanding today’s socio-ecosystems, such as mainland and island forests, orchards, tundra and coastal dunes. The book concludes by showing how historical ecology can answer timely fundamental research questions and provide science-based evidence for landscape and ecosystem management.

The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing

Author : Iain J. Gordon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540724222
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing by : Iain J. Gordon

Download or read book The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing written by Iain J. Gordon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume investigates how large herbivores not only influence the structure and distribution of the vegetation, but also affect nutrient flows and the responses of associated fauna. The mechanisms and processes underlying the herbivores' behavior, distribution, movement and direct impact on the vegetation are discussed in detail. It is shown that an understanding of plant/animal interactions can inform the management of large herbivores to integrate production and conservation in terrestrial systems.