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Graph Embeddings And Laplacian Eigenvalues
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Book Synopsis Graph Embeddings and Laplacian Eigenvalues by : Stephen Guattery
Download or read book Graph Embeddings and Laplacian Eigenvalues written by Stephen Guattery and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Graph embeddings are useful in bounding the smallest nontrivial eigenvalues of Laplacian matrices from below. For an n x n Laplacian, these embedding methods can be characterized as follows: The lower bound is based on a clique embedding into the underlying graph of the Laplacian. An embedding can be represented by a matrix [gamma]; the best possible bound based on this embedding is n/[lambda][subscript max]([gamma superscript T gamma]). However, the best bounds produced by embedding techniques are not tight; they can be off by a factor proportional to log2n for some Laplacians. We show that this gap is a result of the representation of the embedding: by including edge directions in the embedding matrix representation [gamma], it is possible to find an embedding such that [gamma superscript T gamma] has eigenvalues that can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the eigenvalues of the Laplacian. Specifically, if [lambda] is a nonzero eigenvalue of either matrix, then n/[lambda] is an eigenvalue of the other. Simple transformations map the corresponding eigenvectors to each other. The embedding that produces these correspondences has a simple description in electrical terms if the underlying graph of the Laplaciain [sic] is viewed as a resistive circuit. We also show that a similar technique works for star embeddings when the Laplacian has a zero Dirichlet boundary condition, though the related eigenvalues in this case are reciprocals of each other. In the Dirichlet boundary case, the embedding matrix [gamma] can be used to construct the inverse of the Laplacian. Finally, we connect our results with previous techniques for producing bounds, and provide an illustrative example."
Book Synopsis GRAPH EMBEDDINGS AND LAPLACIAN EIGENVALUES FINAL REPORT... NASA/CR-1998-208425... DEC. 3, 1998 by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Download or read book GRAPH EMBEDDINGS AND LAPLACIAN EIGENVALUES FINAL REPORT... NASA/CR-1998-208425... DEC. 3, 1998 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1999* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laplacian Eigenvectors of Graphs by : Türker Biyikoglu
Download or read book Laplacian Eigenvectors of Graphs written by Türker Biyikoglu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-07-07 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating volume investigates the structure of eigenvectors and looks at the number of their sign graphs ("nodal domains"), Perron components, and graphs with extremal properties with respect to eigenvectors. The Rayleigh quotient and rearrangement of graphs form the main methodology. Eigenvectors of graph Laplacians may seem a surprising topic for a book, but the authors show that there are subtle differences between the properties of solutions of Schrödinger equations on manifolds on the one hand, and their discrete analogs on graphs.
Book Synopsis Graph Embeddings, Symmetric Real Matrices, and Generalized Inverses by : Stephen Guattery
Download or read book Graph Embeddings, Symmetric Real Matrices, and Generalized Inverses written by Stephen Guattery and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph embedding techniques for bounding eigenvalues of associated matrices have a wide range of applications. The bounds produced by these techniques are not in general tight, however, and may be off by a log(2)n factor for some graphs. Guattery and Miller showed that, by adding edge directions to the graph representation, they could construct an embedding called the current flow embedding, which embeds each edge of the guest graph as an electric current flow in the host graph. They also showed how this embedding can be used to construct matrices whose nonzero eigenvalues had a one-to-one correspondence to the reciprocals of the eigenvalues of the generalized Laplacians. For the Laplacians of graphs with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions, they showed that the current flow embedding could be used generate the inverse of the matrix. In this paper, we generalize the definition of graph embeddings to cover all symmetric matrices, and we show a way of computing a generalized current flow embedding. We prove that, for any symmetric matrix A, the generalized current flow embedding of the orthogonal projector for the column space of A into A can be used to construct the generalized inverse, or pseudoinverse, of A. We also show how these results can be extended to cover Hermitian matrices.
Book Synopsis Inequalities for Graph Eigenvalues by : Zoran Stanić
Download or read book Inequalities for Graph Eigenvalues written by Zoran Stanić and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for mathematicians working with the theory of graph spectra, this book explores more than 400 inequalities for eigenvalues of the six matrices associated with finite simple graphs: the adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, Seidel matrix, and distance matrix. The book begins with a brief survey of the main results and selected applications to related topics, including chemistry, physics, biology, computer science, and control theory. The author then proceeds to detail proofs, discussions, comparisons, examples, and exercises. Each chapter ends with a brief survey of further results. The author also points to open problems and gives ideas for further reading.
Book Synopsis Lx = B - Laplacian Solvers and Their Algorithmic Applications by : Nisheeth K Vishnoi
Download or read book Lx = B - Laplacian Solvers and Their Algorithmic Applications written by Nisheeth K Vishnoi and published by . This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrates the emerging paradigm of employing Laplacian solvers to design novel fast algorithms for graph problems through a small but carefully chosen set of examples. This monograph can be used as the text for a graduate-level course, or act as a supplement to a course on spectral graph theory or algorithms.
Book Synopsis Graph Representation Learning by : William L. William L. Hamilton
Download or read book Graph Representation Learning written by William L. William L. Hamilton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph-structured data is ubiquitous throughout the natural and social sciences, from telecommunication networks to quantum chemistry. Building relational inductive biases into deep learning architectures is crucial for creating systems that can learn, reason, and generalize from this kind of data. Recent years have seen a surge in research on graph representation learning, including techniques for deep graph embeddings, generalizations of convolutional neural networks to graph-structured data, and neural message-passing approaches inspired by belief propagation. These advances in graph representation learning have led to new state-of-the-art results in numerous domains, including chemical synthesis, 3D vision, recommender systems, question answering, and social network analysis. This book provides a synthesis and overview of graph representation learning. It begins with a discussion of the goals of graph representation learning as well as key methodological foundations in graph theory and network analysis. Following this, the book introduces and reviews methods for learning node embeddings, including random-walk-based methods and applications to knowledge graphs. It then provides a technical synthesis and introduction to the highly successful graph neural network (GNN) formalism, which has become a dominant and fast-growing paradigm for deep learning with graph data. The book concludes with a synthesis of recent advancements in deep generative models for graphs—a nascent but quickly growing subset of graph representation learning.
Book Synopsis Distribution of Laplacian Eigenvalues of Graphs by : Bilal Ahmad Rather
Download or read book Distribution of Laplacian Eigenvalues of Graphs written by Bilal Ahmad Rather and published by A.K. Publications. This book was released on 2022-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectral graph theory (Algebraic graph theory) is the study of spectral properties of matrices associated to graphs. The spectral properties include the study of characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices associated to graphs. This also includes the graphs associated to algebraic structures like groups, rings and vector spaces. The major source of research in spectral graph theory has been the study of relationship between the structural and spectral properties of graphs. Another source has research in mathematical chemistry (theoretical/quantum chemistry). One of the major problems in spectral graph theory lies in finding the spectrum of matrices associated to graphs completely or in terms of spectrum of simpler matrices associated with the structure of the graph. Another problem which is worth to mention is to characterise the extremal graphs among all the graphs or among a special class of graphs with respect to a given graph, like spectral radius, the second largest eigenvalue, the smallest eigenvalue, the second smallest eigenvalue, the graph energy and multiplicities of the eigenvalues that can be associated with the graph matrix. The main aim is to discuss the principal properties and structure of a graph from its eigenvalues. It has been observed that the eigenvalues of graphs are closely related to all graph parameters, linking one property to another. Spectral graph theory has a wide range of applications to other areas of mathematical science and to other areas of sciences which include Computer Science, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Statistics, Engineering etc. The study of graph eigen- values has rich connections with many other areas of mathematics. An important development is the interaction between spectral graph theory and differential geometry. There is an interesting connection between spectral Riemannian geometry and spectral graph theory. Graph operations help in partitioning of the embedding space, maximising inter-cluster affinity and minimising inter-cluster proximity. Spectral graph theory plays a major role in deforming the embedding spaces in geometry. Graph spectra helps us in making conclusions that we cannot recognize the shapes of solids by their sounds. Algebraic spectral methods are also useful in studying the groups and the rings in a new light. This new developing field investigates the spectrum of graphs associated with the algebraic structures like groups and rings. The main motive to study these algebraic structures graphically using spectral analysis is to explore several properties of interest.
Book Synopsis Graph Embedding for Pattern Analysis by : Yun Fu
Download or read book Graph Embedding for Pattern Analysis written by Yun Fu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph Embedding for Pattern Recognition covers theory methods, computation, and applications widely used in statistics, machine learning, image processing, and computer vision. This book presents the latest advances in graph embedding theories, such as nonlinear manifold graph, linearization method, graph based subspace analysis, L1 graph, hypergraph, undirected graph, and graph in vector spaces. Real-world applications of these theories are spanned broadly in dimensionality reduction, subspace learning, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and feature selection. A selective group of experts contribute to different chapters of this book which provides a comprehensive perspective of this field.
Book Synopsis Locating Eigenvalues in Graphs by : Carlos Hoppen
Download or read book Locating Eigenvalues in Graphs written by Carlos Hoppen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-21 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on linear time eigenvalue location algorithms for graphs. This subject relates to spectral graph theory, a field that combines tools and concepts of linear algebra and combinatorics, with applications ranging from image processing and data analysis to molecular descriptors and random walks. It has attracted a lot of attention and has since emerged as an area on its own. Studies in spectral graph theory seek to determine properties of a graph through matrices associated with it. It turns out that eigenvalues and eigenvectors have surprisingly many connections with the structure of a graph. This book approaches this subject under the perspective of eigenvalue location algorithms. These are algorithms that, given a symmetric graph matrix M and a real interval I, return the number of eigenvalues of M that lie in I. Since the algorithms described here are typically very fast, they allow one to quickly approximate the value of any eigenvalue, which is a basic step in most applications of spectral graph theory. Moreover, these algorithms are convenient theoretical tools for proving bounds on eigenvalues and their multiplicities, which was quite useful to solve longstanding open problems in the area. This book brings these algorithms together, revealing how similar they are in spirit, and presents some of their main applications. This work can be of special interest to graduate students and researchers in spectral graph theory, and to any mathematician who wishes to know more about eigenvalues associated with graphs. It can also serve as a compact textbook for short courses on the topic.
Book Synopsis Graph Spectra for Complex Networks by : Piet van Mieghem
Download or read book Graph Spectra for Complex Networks written by Piet van Mieghem and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing the behavior of complex networks is an important element in the design of new man-made structures such as communication systems and biologically engineered molecules. Because any complex network can be represented by a graph, and therefore in turn by a matrix, graph theory has become a powerful tool in the investigation of network performance. This self-contained 2010 book provides a concise introduction to the theory of graph spectra and its applications to the study of complex networks. Covering a range of types of graphs and topics important to the analysis of complex systems, this guide provides the mathematical foundation needed to understand and apply spectral insight to real-world systems. In particular, the general properties of both the adjacency and Laplacian spectrum of graphs are derived and applied to complex networks. An ideal resource for researchers and students in communications networking as well as in physics and mathematics.
Book Synopsis The Path Resistance Method for Bounding the Smallest Nontrivial Eigenvalue of a Laplacian by : Stephen Guattery
Download or read book The Path Resistance Method for Bounding the Smallest Nontrivial Eigenvalue of a Laplacian written by Stephen Guattery and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "We introduce the path resistance method for lower bounds on the smallest nontrivial eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of a graph. The method is based on viewing the graph in terms of electrical circuits; it uses clique embeddings to produce lower bounds on [lambda]2 and star embeddings to produce lower bounds on the smallest Rayleigh quotient when there is a zero Dirichlet boundary condition. The method assigns priorities to the paths in the embedding; we show that, for an unweighted tree T, using uniform priorities for a clique embedding produces a lower bound on [lambda]2 that is off by at most an O(log diameter (T)) factor. We show that the best bounds this method can produce for clique embeddings are the same as for a related method that uses clique embeddings and edge lengths to produce bounds."
Book Synopsis Supervised Learning with Quantum Computers by : Maria Schuld
Download or read book Supervised Learning with Quantum Computers written by Maria Schuld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum machine learning investigates how quantum computers can be used for data-driven prediction and decision making. The books summarises and conceptualises ideas of this relatively young discipline for an audience of computer scientists and physicists from a graduate level upwards. It aims at providing a starting point for those new to the field, showcasing a toy example of a quantum machine learning algorithm and providing a detailed introduction of the two parent disciplines. For more advanced readers, the book discusses topics such as data encoding into quantum states, quantum algorithms and routines for inference and optimisation, as well as the construction and analysis of genuine ``quantum learning models''. A special focus lies on supervised learning, and applications for near-term quantum devices.
Book Synopsis Learning Representation and Control in Markov Decision Processes by : Sridhar Mahadevan
Download or read book Learning Representation and Control in Markov Decision Processes written by Sridhar Mahadevan and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive survey of techniques to automatically construct basis functions or features for value function approximation in Markov decision processes and reinforcement learning.
Book Synopsis Graph Separators, with Applications by : Arnold L. Rosenberg
Download or read book Graph Separators, with Applications written by Arnold L. Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-21 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graph Separators with Applications is devoted to techniques for obtaining upper and lower bounds on the sizes of graph separators - upper bounds being obtained via decomposition algorithms. The book surveys the main approaches to obtaining good graph separations, while the main focus of the book is on techniques for deriving lower bounds on the sizes of graph separators. This asymmetry in focus reflects our perception that the work on upper bounds, or algorithms, for graph separation is much better represented in the standard theory literature than is the work on lower bounds, which we perceive as being much more scattered throughout the literature on application areas. Given the multitude of notions of graph separator that have been developed and studied over the past (roughly) three decades, there is a need for a central, theory-oriented repository for the mass of results. The need is absolutely critical in the area of lower-bound techniques for graph separators, since these techniques have virtually never appeared in articles having the word `separator' or any of its near-synonyms in the title. Graph Separators with Applications fills this need.
Book Synopsis Image Processing and Analysis with Graphs by : Olivier Lezoray
Download or read book Image Processing and Analysis with Graphs written by Olivier Lezoray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the theoretical aspects of image processing and analysis through the use of graphs in the representation and analysis of objects, Image Processing and Analysis with Graphs: Theory and Practice also demonstrates how these concepts are indispensible for the design of cutting-edge solutions for real-world applications. Explores new applications in computational photography, image and video processing, computer graphics, recognition, medical and biomedical imaging With the explosive growth in image production, in everything from digital photographs to medical scans, there has been a drastic increase in the number of applications based on digital images. This book explores how graphs—which are suitable to represent any discrete data by modeling neighborhood relationships—have emerged as the perfect unified tool to represent, process, and analyze images. It also explains why graphs are ideal for defining graph-theoretical algorithms that enable the processing of functions, making it possible to draw on the rich literature of combinatorial optimization to produce highly efficient solutions. Some key subjects covered in the book include: Definition of graph-theoretical algorithms that enable denoising and image enhancement Energy minimization and modeling of pixel-labeling problems with graph cuts and Markov Random Fields Image processing with graphs: targeted segmentation, partial differential equations, mathematical morphology, and wavelets Analysis of the similarity between objects with graph matching Adaptation and use of graph-theoretical algorithms for specific imaging applications in computational photography, computer vision, and medical and biomedical imaging Use of graphs has become very influential in computer science and has led to many applications in denoising, enhancement, restoration, and object extraction. Accounting for the wide variety of problems being solved with graphs in image processing and computer vision, this book is a contributed volume of chapters written by renowned experts who address specific techniques or applications. This state-of-the-art overview provides application examples that illustrate practical application of theoretical algorithms. Useful as a support for graduate courses in image processing and computer vision, it is also perfect as a reference for practicing engineers working on development and implementation of image processing and analysis algorithms.
Book Synopsis Combinatorial Scientific Computing by : Uwe Naumann
Download or read book Combinatorial Scientific Computing written by Uwe Naumann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combinatorial Scientific Computing explores the latest research on creating algorithms and software tools to solve key combinatorial problems on large-scale high-performance computing architectures. It includes contributions from international researchers who are pioneers in designing software and applications for high-performance computing systems. The book offers a state-of-the-art overview of the latest research, tool development, and applications. It focuses on load balancing and parallelization on high-performance computers, large-scale optimization, algorithmic differentiation of numerical simulation code, sparse matrix software tools, and combinatorial challenges and applications in large-scale social networks. The authors unify these seemingly disparate areas through a common set of abstractions and algorithms based on combinatorics, graphs, and hypergraphs. Combinatorial algorithms have long played a crucial enabling role in scientific and engineering computations and their importance continues to grow with the demands of new applications and advanced architectures. By addressing current challenges in the field, this volume sets the stage for the accelerated development and deployment of fundamental enabling technologies in high-performance scientific computing.
