Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Plasticity

Download Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128177675
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Plasticity by : George Z. Voyiadjis

Download or read book Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Plasticity written by George Z. Voyiadjis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gradient-Enhanced Continuum Plasticity provides an expansive review of gradient-enhanced continuum plasticity from the initial stage to current research trends in experimental, theoretical, computational and numerical investigations. Starting with an overview of continuum mechanics and classical plasticity, the book then delves into concise lessons covering basic principles and applications, such as outlining the use of the finite element method to solve problems with size effects, mesh sensitivity and high velocity impact loading. All major theories are explored, providing readers with a guide to understanding the various concepts of and differences between an array of gradient-enhanced continuum plasticity models. Outlines the concepts of, and differences between, various gradient-enhanced continuum plasticity models Provides guidance on problem-solving for size effects, mesh-sensitivity tests and thermo-mechanical coupling Reviews experimental, numerical and theoretical issues in gradient-enhanced continuum plasticity Describes micromechanical aspects from experimental observations

A Gradient Crystal Plasticity Theory Based on an Extended Energy Balance

Download A Gradient Crystal Plasticity Theory Based on an Extended Energy Balance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN 13 : 3731510251
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Gradient Crystal Plasticity Theory Based on an Extended Energy Balance by : Prahs, Andreas

Download or read book A Gradient Crystal Plasticity Theory Based on an Extended Energy Balance written by Prahs, Andreas and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of different methods for the derivation of extended continuum models is given. A gradient plasticity theory is established in the context of small deformations and single slip by considering the invariance of an extended energy balance with respect to Euclidean transformations, where the plastic slip is considered as an additional degree of freedom. Thermodynamically consistent flow rules at the grain boundary are derived. The theory is applied to a two- and a three-phase laminate.

Continuum Theory of Plasticity

Download Continuum Theory of Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471310433
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuum Theory of Plasticity by : Akhtar S. Khan

Download or read book Continuum Theory of Plasticity written by Akhtar S. Khan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1995-02-28 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only modern, up-to-date introduction to plasticity Despite phenomenal progress in plasticity research over the past fifty years, introductory books on plasticity have changed very little. To meet the need for an up-to-date introduction to the field, Akhtar S. Khan and Sujian Huang have written Continuum Theory of Plasticity--a truly modern text which offers a continuum mechanics approach as well as a lucid presentation of the essential classical contributions. The early chapters give the reader a review of elementary concepts of plasticity, the necessary background material on continuum mechanics, and a discussion of the classical theory of plasticity. Recent developments in the field are then explored in sections on the Mroz Multisurface model, the Dafalias and Popov Two Surface model, the non-linear kinematic hardening model, the endochronic theory of plasticity, and numerous topics in finite deformation plasticity theory and strain space formulation for plastic deformation. Final chapters introduce the fundamentals of the micromechanics of plastic deformation and the analytical coupling between deformation of individual crystals and macroscopic material response of the polycrystal aggregate. For graduate students and researchers in engineering mechanics, mechanical, civil, and aerospace engineering, Continuum Theory of Plasticity offers a modern, comprehensive introduction to the entire subject of plasticity.

Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity

Download Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1135440395
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity by : Han-Chin Wu

Download or read book Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity written by Han-Chin Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tremendous advances in computer technologies and methods have precipitated a great demand for refinements in the constitutive models of plasticity. Such refinements include the development of a model that would account for material anisotropy and produces results that compare well with experimental data. Key to developing such models-and to meeting many other challenges in the field- is a firm grasp of the principles of continuum mechanics and how they apply to the formulation of plasticity theory. Also critical is understanding the experimental aspects of plasticity and material anisotropy. Integrating the traditionally separate subjects of continuum mechanics and plasticity, this book builds understanding in all of those areas. Part I provides systematic, comprehensive coverage of continuum mechanics, from a review of Carteisian tensors to the relevant conservation laws and constitutive equation. Part II offers an exhaustive presentation of the continuum theory of plasticity. This includes a unique treatment of the experimental aspects of plasticity, covers anisotropic plasticity, and incorporates recent research results related to the endochronic theory of plasticity obtained by the author and his colleagues. By bringing all of these together in one book, Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity facilitates the learning of solid mechanics. Its readers will be well prepared for pursuing either research related to the mechanical behavior of engineering materials or developmental work in engineering analysis and design.

Introduction to Computational Plasticity

Download Introduction to Computational Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198568266
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Computational Plasticity by : Fionn Dunne

Download or read book Introduction to Computational Plasticity written by Fionn Dunne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an introduction to computational plasticity and includes the kinematics of large deformations, together with relevant continuum mechanics. Central to the book is its focus on computational plasticity, and we cover an introduction to the finite element method which includes both quasi-static and dynamic problems. We then go on to describe explicit and implicit implementations of plasticity models in to finite element software. Throughout the book, we describe thegeneral, multiaxial form of the theory but uniquely, wherever possible, reduce the equations to their simplest, uniaxial form to develop understanding of the general theory and, we hope, physical insight. We provide several examples of implicit and explicit implementations of von Mises time-independentand visco-plasticity in to the commercial code ABAQUS (including the fortran coding), which should prove invaluable to research students and practising engineers developing ABAQUS 'UMATs'. The book bridges the gap between undergraduate material on plasticity and existing advanced texts on nonlinear computational mechanics, which makes it ideal for students and practising engineers alike. It introduces a range of engineering applications, including superplasticity, porous plasticity, cyclicplasticity and thermo-mechanical fatigue, to emphasize the subject's relevance and importance.

Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods

Download Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527642099
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods by : Franz Roters

Download or read book Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods written by Franz Roters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the leading experts in computational materials science, this handy reference concisely reviews the most important aspects of plasticity modeling: constitutive laws, phase transformations, texture methods, continuum approaches and damage mechanisms. As a result, it provides the knowledge needed to avoid failures in critical systems udner mechanical load. With its various application examples to micro- and macrostructure mechanics, this is an invaluable resource for mechanical engineers as well as for researchers wanting to improve on this method and extend its outreach.

Basics of Continuum Plasticity

Download Basics of Continuum Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811083061
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basics of Continuum Plasticity by : Kwansoo Chung

Download or read book Basics of Continuum Plasticity written by Kwansoo Chung and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the basic principles of plasticity for students and engineers who wish to perform plasticity analyses in their professional lives, and provides an introduction to the application of plasticity theories and basic continuum mechanics in metal forming processes. This book consists of three parts. The first part deals with the characteristics of plasticity and instability under simple tension or compression and plasticity in beam bending and torsion. The second part is designed to provide the basic principles of continuum mechanics, and the last part presents an extension of one-dimensional plasticity to general three-dimensional laws based on the fundamentals of continuum mechanics. Though most parts of the book are written in the context of general plasticity, the last two chapters are specifically devoted to sheet metal forming applications. The homework problems included are designed to reinforce understanding of the concepts involved. This book may be used as a textbook for a one semester course lasting fourteen weeks or longer. This book is intended to be self-sufficient such that readers can study it independently without taking another formal course. However, there are some prerequisites before starting this book, which include a course on engineering mathematics and an introductory course on solid mechanics.

Linear Theory

Download Linear Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483276716
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Linear Theory by : A. Cemal Eringen

Download or read book Linear Theory written by A. Cemal Eringen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elastodynamics, Volume II: Linear Theory is a continuation of Volume I and discusses the dynamical theory of linear isotropic elasticity. The volume deals with the fundamental theorems regarding elastodynamics and the different mathematical methods of solution and their employment in one, two, and three dimensions. The text outlines the fundamentals of linear elastodynamics and explains basic equations, displacement formulation, stress formulation, and the uniqueness theorem of elastodynamics. The book also investigates elastodynamic problems involving one-space dimension in governing boundaries, equations, and initial conditions. The book then compares two-dimensional problems as being subject to more precise mathematical analysis compared to three-dimensional situations by using scalar wave equations. The text then analyzes elastodynamic problems in three space dimensions when the solution depends on the condition of separability of the vector wave equation and the satisfaction of the boundary conditions. The diffraction of elastic waves is also described using two approaches: the integral equation method or the Eigen function technique. The book can prove valuable to researchers and practitioners whose work involves advanced statistics, general physics, and thermodynamics.

The Mechanical and Thermodynamical Theory of Plasticity

Download The Mechanical and Thermodynamical Theory of Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849372305
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Mechanical and Thermodynamical Theory of Plasticity by : Mehrdad Negahban

Download or read book The Mechanical and Thermodynamical Theory of Plasticity written by Mehrdad Negahban and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born out of 15 years of courses and lectures on continuum mechanics, nonlinear mechanics, continuum thermodynamics, viscoelasticity, plasticity, crystal plasticity, and thermodynamic plasticity, The Mechanical and Thermodynamical Theory of Plasticity represents one of the most extensive and in-depth treatises on the mechanical and thermodynamical aspects of plastic and visicoplastic flow. Suitable for student readers and experts alike, it offers a clear and comprehensive presentation of multi-dimensional continuum thermodynamics to both aid in initial understanding and introduce and explore advanced topics. Covering a wide range of foundational subjects and presenting unique insights into the unification of disparate theories and practices, this book offers an extensive number of problems, figures, and examples to help the reader grasp the subject from many levels. Starting from one-dimensional axial motion in bars, the book builds a clear understanding of mechanics and continuum thermodynamics during plastic flow. This approach makes it accessible and applicable for a varied audience, including students and experts from engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and materials science.

Plasticity

Download Plasticity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466506180
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Plasticity by : P.M. Dixit

Download or read book Plasticity written by P.M. Dixit and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the Principles of Plasticity Most undergraduate programs lack an undergraduate plasticity theory course, and many graduate programs in design and manufacturing lack a course on plasticity—leaving a number of engineering students without adequate information on the subject. Emphasizing stresses generated in the material and its effect, Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications effectively addresses this need. This book fills a void by introducing the basic fundamentals of solid mechanics of deformable bodies. It provides a thorough understanding of plasticity theory, introduces the concepts of plasticity, and discusses relevant applications. Studies the Effects of Forces and Motions on Solids The authors make a point of highlighting the importance of plastic deformation, and also discuss the concepts of elasticity (for a clear understanding of plasticity, the elasticity theory must also be understood). In addition, they present information on updated Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations for the modeling of metal forming and machining. Topics covered include: Stress Strain Constitutive relations Fracture Anisotropy Contact problems Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications enables students to understand the basic fundamentals of plasticity theory, effectively use commercial finite-element (FE) software, and eventually develop their own code. It also provides suitable reference material for mechanical/civil/aerospace engineers, material processing engineers, applied mechanics researchers, mathematicians, and other industry professionals.

Constitutive Modelling of Solid Continua

Download Constitutive Modelling of Solid Continua PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030315479
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Constitutive Modelling of Solid Continua by : José Merodio

Download or read book Constitutive Modelling of Solid Continua written by José Merodio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of a collection of chapters by recognized experts to provide a comprehensive fundamental theoretical continuum treatment of constitutive laws used for modelling the mechanical and coupled-field properties of various types of solid materials. It covers the main types of solid material behaviour, including isotropic and anisotropic nonlinear elasticity, implicit theories, viscoelasticity, plasticity, electro- and magneto-mechanical interactions, growth, damage, thermomechanics, poroelasticity, composites and homogenization. The volume provides a general framework for research in a wide range of applications involving the deformation of solid materials. It will be of considerable benefit to both established and early career researchers concerned with fundamental theory in solid mechanics and its applications by collecting diverse material in a single volume. The readership ranges from beginning graduate students to senior researchers in academia and industry.

Handbook of Nonlocal Continuum Mechanics for Materials and Structures

Download Handbook of Nonlocal Continuum Mechanics for Materials and Structures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319587271
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Nonlocal Continuum Mechanics for Materials and Structures by : George Z. Voyiadjis

Download or read book Handbook of Nonlocal Continuum Mechanics for Materials and Structures written by George Z. Voyiadjis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook covers all areas of nonlocal continuum mechanics including theoretical aspects,computational procedures, and experimental advances. The multidisciplinary scope of articles that comprise this reference are written by internationally recognized experts in the field and stand as the most-up-to-date, established knowledge base on using nonlocal continuum mechanics to characterize material behavior for advanced composites and nano-materials, as well as for engineering scale structures. The handbook is at once a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and engineers in industry concerned with nonlocal continuum mechanics for materials and structures as well as a supplement for graduate courses on a range of topics.

Classical Continuum Mechanics

Download Classical Continuum Mechanics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000512347
Total Pages : 829 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Classical Continuum Mechanics by : Karan S. Surana

Download or read book Classical Continuum Mechanics written by Karan S. Surana and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides physical and mathematical foundation as well as complete derivation of the mathematical descriptions and constitutive theories for deformation of solid and fluent continua, both compressible and incompressible with clear distinction between Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions as well as co- and contra-variant bases. Definitions of co- and contra-variant tensors and tensor calculus are introduced using curvilinear frame and then specialized for Cartesian frame. Both Galilean and non-Galilean coordinate transformations are presented and used in establishing objective tensors and objective rates. Convected time derivatives are derived using the conventional approach as well as non-Galilean transformation and their significance is illustrated in finite deformation of solid continua as well as in the case of fluent continua. Constitutive theories are derived using entropy inequality and representation theorem. Decomposition of total deformation for solid and fluent continua into volumetric and distortional deformation is essential in providing a sound, general and rigorous framework for deriving constitutive theories. Energy methods and the principle of virtual work are demonstrated to be a small isolated subset of the calculus of variations. Differential form of the mathematical models and calculus of variations preclude energy methods and the principle of virtual work. The material in this book is developed from fundamental concepts at very basic level with gradual progression to advanced topics. This book contains core scientific knowledge associated with mathematical concepts and theories for deforming continuous matter to prepare graduate students for fundamental and basic research in engineering and sciences. The book presents detailed and consistent derivations with clarity and is ideal for self-study.

Enhanced Gradient Crystal-plasticity Study of Size Effects in B.C.C. Metal

Download Enhanced Gradient Crystal-plasticity Study of Size Effects in B.C.C. Metal PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (835 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Enhanced Gradient Crystal-plasticity Study of Size Effects in B.C.C. Metal by : Murat Demiral

Download or read book Enhanced Gradient Crystal-plasticity Study of Size Effects in B.C.C. Metal written by Murat Demiral and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to continuous miniaturization, many modern high-technology applications such as medical and optical devices, thermal barrier coatings, electronics, micro- and nano-electro mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), gems industry and semiconductors increasingly use components with sizes down to a few micrometers and even smaller. Understanding their deformation mechanisms and assessing their mechanical performance help to achieve new insights or design new material systems with superior properties through controlled microstructure at the appropriate scales. However, a fundamental understanding of mechanical response in surface-dominated structures, different than their bulk behaviours, is still elusive. In this thesis, the size effect in a single-crystal Ti alloy (Ti15V3Cr3Al3Sn) is investigated. To achieve this, nanoindentation and micropillar (with a square cross-section) compression tests were carried out in collaboration with Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Switzerland. Three-dimensional finite element models of compression and indentation with an implicit time-integration scheme incorporating a strain-gradient crystal-plasticity (SGCP) theory were developed to accurately represent deformation of the studied body-centered cubic metallic material. An appropriate hardening model was implemented to account for strain-hardening of the active slip systems, determined experimentally. The optimized set of parameters characterizing the deformation behaviour of Ti alloy was obtained based on a direct comparison of simulations and the experiments. An enhanced model based on the SGCP theory (EMSGCP), accounting for an initial microstructure of samples in terms of different types of dislocations (statistically stored and geometrically necessary dislocations), was suggested and used in the numerical analysis. This meso-scale continuum theory bridges the gap between the discrete-dislocation dynamics theory, where simulations are performed at strain rates several orders of magnitude higher than those in experiments, and the classical continuum-plasticity theory, which cannot explain the dependence of mechanical response on a specimen s size since there is no length scale in its constitutive description. A case study was performed using a cylindrical pillar to examine, on the one hand, accuracy of the proposed EMSGCP theory and, on the other hand, its universality for different pillar geometries. An extensive numerical study of the size effect in micron-size pillars was also implemented. On the other hand, an anisotropic character of surface topographies around indents along different crystallographic orientations of single crystals obtained in numerical simulations was compared to experimental findings. The size effect in nano-indentation was studied numerically. The differences in the observed hardness values for various indenter types were investigated using the developed EMSGCP theory.

Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures

Download Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319654632
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures by : Jurica Sorić

Download or read book Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures written by Jurica Sorić and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of multiscale approaches and homogenization procedures as well as damage evaluation and crack initiation, and addresses recent advances in the analysis and discretization of heterogeneous materials. It also highlights the state of the art in this research area with respect to different computational methods, software development and applications to engineering structures. The first part focuses on defects in composite materials including their numerical and experimental investigations; elastic as well as elastoplastic constitutive models are considered, where the modeling has been performed at macro- and micro levels. The second part is devoted to novel computational schemes applied on different scales and discusses the validation of numerical results. The third part discusses gradient enhanced modeling, in particular quasi-brittle and ductile damage, using the gradient enhanced approach. The final part addresses thermoplasticity, solid-liquid mixtures and ferroelectric models. The contents are based on the international workshop “Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures” (MUMO 2016), held in Dubrovnik, Croatia in September 2016.

An Introduction to Computational Micromechanics

Download An Introduction to Computational Micromechanics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540323600
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Computational Micromechanics by : Tarek I. Zohdi

Download or read book An Introduction to Computational Micromechanics written by Tarek I. Zohdi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-15 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this, its second corrected printing, Zohdi and Wriggers’ illuminating text presents a comprehensive introduction to the subject. The authors include in their scope basic homogenization theory, microstructural optimization and multifield analysis of heterogeneous materials. This volume is ideal for researchers and engineers, and can be used in a first-year course for graduate students with an interest in the computational micromechanical analysis of new materials.

Handbook of Micromechanics and Nanomechanics

Download Handbook of Micromechanics and Nanomechanics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814411248
Total Pages : 1256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Micromechanics and Nanomechanics by : Shaofan Li

Download or read book Handbook of Micromechanics and Nanomechanics written by Shaofan Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest developments and applications of micromechanics and nanomechanics. It particularly focuses on some recent applications and impact areas of micromechanics and nanomechanics that have not been discussed in traditional micromechanics and nanomechanics books on metamaterials, micromechanics of ferroelectric/piezoelectric,