Government as Entrepreneur

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199708840
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Government as Entrepreneur by : Albert N. Link

Download or read book Government as Entrepreneur written by Albert N. Link and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-26 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government acts as entrepreneur when its involvement in market activities is both innovative and characterized by entrepreneurial risk. Thinking of government as entrepreneur is a unique lens through which the authors of this book examine a specific subset of U.S. government policy actions. As such, their viewpoint underscores the purposeful intent of government, its ability to act in new and innovative ways, and its willingness to undertake policy actions that have uncertain outcomes. Viewing particular policy actions through an entrepreneurial lens is useful in two broad dimensions. First, it underscores the forward looking nature of policy makers as well as the need to evaluate the social outputs and outcomes of their behavior in terms of broad spillover impacts. Second, government acting as entrepreneur parallels in concept similar activities that occur in the private sector. Government as Entrepreneur is the first broad effort to emphasize the entrepreneurial aspects of governments. It is also the first systematic treatment of U.S. innovation policies to promote the formation of strategic research partnerships. It will foster a new perspective on the role of government and how incentives for government to act entrepreneurially might be institutionalized; it will serve as a vehicle for policy makers and scholars to think about the entrepreneurial actors in an economy, in a new way.

The Entrepreneurial State

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593656946
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis The Entrepreneurial State by : Mariana Mazzucato

Download or read book The Entrepreneurial State written by Mariana Mazzucato and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Award-winning economist Mariana Mazzucato’s famously incisive international bestseller debunking the pervasive myth of the inept state versus an innovative private sector—with a new preface by the author According to conventional wisdom, innovation is best left to the bold entrepreneurs of the private sector, and government should get out of the way. But what if that wasn't case? What if, from the inventions of Silicon Valley to medical breakthroughs, the public sector has actually been the most courageous and valuable risk-taker of all? Critically acclaimed and influential thinker and scholar Mariana Mazzucato argues comprehensively against the myth of a lumbering, bureaucratic state versus a dynamic, innovative private sector with remarkable original and deep research. In a series of case studies—from nanotechnology to the emerging green tech of today—Mazzucato reveals that the opposite is true: the private sector only finds the courage to invest after an entrepreneurial state has made the high-risk investments. The Entrepreneurial State reveals how every technology that makes the iPhone so “smart” was actually funded by the government—from the Internet and GPS technology, to touch-screen displays and voice-activated Siri. In the history of modern capitalism, the State has not only fixed market failures, but has also actively shaped and created markets. In doing so, it sometimes wins and sometimes fails. Yet by not admitting the State’s role in active risk taking, we've created an "innovation system" where the public sector socializes risks while privatizing reward, as Mazzucato controversially argues. This bold and provocative book considers how we adopted this dysfunctional dynamic, and then how we can overcome it so that economic growth can be not only "smart" but "inclusive" as well.

Mr. Kaiser Goes to Washington

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Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807860026
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Mr. Kaiser Goes to Washington by : Stephen B. Adams

Download or read book Mr. Kaiser Goes to Washington written by Stephen B. Adams and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1940s, the name Henry J. Kaiser was magic. Based on the success of his shipyards, Kaiser was hailed by the national media as the force behind a 'can-do' production miracle and credited by the American public with doing more to help President Roosevelt win World War II than any other civilian. Kaiser also built an empire in construction, cement, magnesium, steel, and aluminum--all based on government contracts, government loans, and changes in government regulations. In this book, Stephen Adams offers Kaiser's story as the first detailed case study of 'government entrepreneurship.' Taking a fresh look at the birth of modern business-government relations, he explores the symbiotic connection forged between FDR and Kaiser. Adams shows that while Kaiser capitalized on opportunities provided by the growth of the federal government, FDR found in Kaiser an industrial partner whose enterprises embodied New Deal goals. The result of a confluence of administration policy and entrepreneurial zeal, Kaiser's dramatic rise illustrates the important role of governmental relations in American entrepreneurial success. Originally published in 1997. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

We the Possibility

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Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 163369920X
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (336 download)

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Book Synopsis We the Possibility by : Mitchell Weiss

Download or read book We the Possibility written by Mitchell Weiss and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we solve big public problems anymore? Yes, we can. This provocative and inspiring book points the way. The huge challenges we face are daunting indeed: climate change, crumbling infrastructure, declining public education and social services. At the same time, we've come to accept the sad notion that government can't do new things or solve tough problems—it's too big, too slow, and mired in bureaucracy. Not so, says former public official, now Harvard Business School professor, Mitchell Weiss. The truth is, entrepreneurial spirit and savvy in government are growing, transforming the public sector's response to big problems at all levels. The key, Weiss argues, is a shift from a mindset of Probability Government—overly focused on safe solutions and mimicking so-called best practices—to Possibility Government. This means public leadership and management that's willing to boldly imagine new possibilities and to experiment. Weiss shares the three basic tenets of this new way of governing: Government that can imagine: Seeing problems as opportunities and involving citizens in designing solutions Government that can try new things: Testing and experimentation as a regular part of solving public problems Government that can scale: Harnessing platform techniques for innovation and growth The lessons unfold in the timely episodes Weiss has seen and studied: the US Special Operations Command prototyping of a hoverboard for chasing pirates; a heroin hackathon in opioid-ravaged Cincinnati; a series of experiments in Singapore to rein in Covid-19; among many others. At a crucial moment in the evolution of government's role in our society, We the Possibility provides inspiration and a positive model, along with crucial guardrails, to help shape progress for generations to come.

Governpreneurship

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781951632
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (819 download)

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Book Synopsis Governpreneurship by : Robert D. Hisrich

Download or read book Governpreneurship written by Robert D. Hisrich and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔI canÕt think of a more qualified scholar to tackle the difficult subject of ÒgovernpreneurshipÓ than Bob Hisrich. His vast experience in and knowledge of entrepreneurship has enabled a thorough application of entrepreneurial principles to government organizations. This book should be recommended reading for everyone in government at every level. We can only hope that a new era of governpreneurship is launched with this useful and practical guide.Õ Ð Thomas N. Duening, University of Colorado, US Challenging the traditional view that entrepreneurship is exclusively a private-sector concern, Governpreneurship presents a compelling argument for increased focus on entrepreneurship in public sector organizations. The only book to date to focus specifically on government entrepreneurship, this innovative volume combines Robert D. HisrichÕs vast theoretical knowledge with the practical experience of Amr Al-Dabbagh, who applied entrepreneurship in the Saudi public sector with excellent results. Featuring forewords by former US President Bill Clinton and former Malaysian Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, as well as four case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of government entrepreneurship in action, this fascinating book breaks new ground in a rapidly growing field. In a time when government funds are being reduced and its services increasingly questioned, fostering an entrepreneurial spirit within the government becomes a vital concern. Although there is no ideal model for achieving government entrepreneurship, this volume outlines a number of innovative strategies designed to help public sector managers undertake their public mission while developing an entrepreneurial culture within their organization. The authors offer thorough and indispensible advice covering every aspect of government entrepreneurship, from framework to policy to funding and beyond. Finally, the book concludes with four case studies that explore successful government entrepreneurial undertakings in Ireland, Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland. Government officials and other leaders in the public sector will find this book an indispensible guide to establishing an entrepreneurial focus in their organizations. Professors and students working in entrepreneurship, public sector management, and other business-related fields will also have much to admire in this innovative addition to the literature.

Innovation and Public Policy

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022680545X
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation and Public Policy by : Austan Goolsbee

Download or read book Innovation and Public Policy written by Austan Goolsbee and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A calculation of the social returns to innovation /Benjamin F. Jones and Lawrence H. Summers --Innovation and human capital policy /John Van Reenen --Immigration policy levers for US innovation and start-ups /Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr --Scientific grant funding /Pierre Azoulay and Danielle Li --Tax policy for innovation /Bronwyn H. Hall --Taxation and innovation: what do we know? /Ufuk Akcigit and Stefanie Stantcheva --Government incentives for entrepreneurship /Josh Lerner.

Business and Government

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Publisher : Verlag Barbara Budrich
ISBN 13 : 3847412981
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Business and Government by : David Coen

Download or read book Business and Government written by David Coen and published by Verlag Barbara Budrich. This book was released on 2006-05-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews current debates on the role of business in politics and it assesses emerging methodological approaches to its study. The book brings together leading scholars to assess various qualitative and quantitative methods, network analysis, historical context and positive rational choice modeling, and detailed research case studies in the study of Business- Government relations.

Reinventing Government

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0452269423
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Reinventing Government by : David Osborne

Download or read book Reinventing Government written by David Osborne and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A landmark in the debate on the future of public policy."—The Washington Post.

Public Entrepreneurs

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400821576
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Entrepreneurs by : Mark Schneider

Download or read book Public Entrepreneurs written by Mark Schneider and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seizing opportunities, inventing new products, transforming markets--entrepreneurs are an important and well-documented part of the private sector landscape. Do they have counterparts in the public sphere? The authors argue that they do, and test their argument by focusing on agents of dynamic political change in suburbs across the United States, where much of the entrepreneurial activity in American politics occurs. The public entrepreneurs they identify are most often mayors, city managers, or individual citizens. These entrepreneurs develop innovative ideas and implement new service and tax arrangements where existing administrative practices and budgetary allocations prove inadequate to meet a range of problems, from economic development to the racial transition of neighborhoods. How do public entrepreneurs emerge? How much does the future of urban development depend on them? This book answers these questions, using data from over 1,000 local governments. The emergence of public entrepreneurs depends on a set of familiar cost-benefit calculations. Like private sector risk-takers, public entrepreneurs exploit opportunities emerging from imperfect markets for public goods, from collective-action problems that impede private solutions, and from situations where information is costly and the supply of services is uneven. The authors augment their quantitative analysis with ten case studies and show that bottom-up change driven by politicians, public managers, and other local agents obeys regular and predictable rules.

What Entrepreneurs Need to Know about Government

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313052182
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis What Entrepreneurs Need to Know about Government by : Wesley B. Truitt

Download or read book What Entrepreneurs Need to Know about Government written by Wesley B. Truitt and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-08-30 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No business operates in America today under purely market forces.Myriad rules and regulations govern every area of business conduct: from establishing the firm to ensuring protection of the environment to hiring and firing policies. More than half of all startups that fail in the first year do so not because they produce inferior products or neglect to analyze the competition, but because they do not understand the regulatory environment in which they operate. In What Entrepreneurs Need to Know about Government, Wesley Truitt presents the most comprehensive overview of government regulation and its impact on business management to date. Covering all levels of regulation (federal, state, and local/municipal) and all stages in a firm's growth cycle (establishment, expansion, and liquidation), Truitt shows entrepreneurs and managers of established business alike how to navigate the minefield of rules and policies that oversee business activity. Drawing from a wide variety of primary data sources and his own extensive experience in the public and private sectors, Truitt clearly explains how government regulation of business has evolved and analyzes its positive and negative implications for management. Featuring descriptions of all the key agencies and summaries of major laws, Truitt offers practical guidance through a huge array of issues, including: intellectual property protection, legal incorporation, product safety and liability, taxes, mergers and acquisitions, employee benefit programs, divestiture, and much more. He identifies common pitfalls to avoid, ways to benefit through government assistance programs, and methods for influencing the policymaking process. Including practical checklists and extensive listings of informational resources, What Entrepreneurs Need to Know about Government is an essential guide for any business competing in the not-so-free market.

Political Entrepreneurship

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030028615
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Entrepreneurship by : Josef Lentsch

Download or read book Political Entrepreneurship written by Josef Lentsch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how political entrepreneurs – entrepreneurially minded citizens who launch innovative political start-ups – can drive political change. Building on unique insights, rich examples and personal stories of centrist political entrepreneurs distilled from 40 in-depth interviews, the author guides readers through key stages of political entrepreneurship, and shows how to master them. By equally highlighting successes and failures, the book reveals how political entrepreneurs actually go about producing transformative political change. In light of the populist challenge and the decline of traditional political parties, the book also offers an entertaining backstage view and first-hand insights into the successes of En Marche in France, Ciudadanos in Spain, NEOS in Austria and other centrist political startups. It provides practical advice on how to learn from and replicate their successes. Political practitioners and other politically interested readers will find a useful theory of Political Entrepreneurship – what it is, how it works, and what its role is in 21st century democracies. Most of all, they will find essential, reproducible tools and methods. “You have read a lot about startups in business, but if you want to know how Silicon Valley style startups look in politics, read this. Its author is not only writing about political entrepreneurs, he is one of them.” Ivan Krastev (Chairman of the Centre for Liberal Strategies in Sofia, and permanent Fellow at the Institute of Human Sciences in Vienna) “No one understands better what it takes to take a political start up from ideation to the parliament than Josef Lentsch. In ‘Political Entrepreneurship’ he combines first-hand experience with a thoughtful review of what we know about entrepreneurship in the interest of society.” Johanna Mair (Professor of Organization, Strategy and Leadership at the Hertie School of Governance, and Co-Director Global Innovation for Impact Lab at Stanford University) “Josef Lentsch has produced a fascinating, commanding guide to the new, insurgent players shaking up traditional party systems and reinvigorating liberal politics. Political Entrepreneurship is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand today's fragmented and disrupted European politics - and the European politics of the future.” Jeremy Cliffe (Charlemagne columnist, The Economist) "The rarest of events has occurred - a new political species has appeared in the European eco-system, the centrist political start up. From Macron's En Marche in France to Spain's Ciudadanos, a new type of political actor has emerged. Few are better positioned to tell this Europe-wide story than Josef Lentsch who has had a front-seat view on this important political transformation that is shaking Europe. A dramatic and important account." Daniel Ziblatt (Eaton Professor of Government, Harvard University and co-author of How Democracies Die)

Public Purpose

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 1946511706
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (465 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Purpose by : Mariana Mazzucato

Download or read book Public Purpose written by Mariana Mazzucato and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How governments can spur growth and innovation to solve their greatest challenges—from green energy to national security to building resilient health systems. Known around the world for challenging mainstream economics, economist Mariana Mazzucato believes that “the public sector can and should be a co-creator of wealth that actively steers growth to meet its goals” (The Financial Times). In The Mission-Driven Economy, she calls on governments to create the economies we need today. Mazzucato’s challenge leads off a debate on the revival of Industrial policy—roughly defined as deliberate government action to re(shape) the economy. Industrial policy has fallen out of favor in recent decades as economists defer to free markets to produce innovation and growth. Yet today thinkers across the political spectrum have begun expressing new interest in industrial policy as a way to address the most serious problems of our times: from national security and climate change, to the market’s underfunding of public goods, to sluggish economic growth and labor market dysfunction. Together, contributors make a compelling case for industrial policy—what it is, and why we need it now. Addressing investment, innovation, supply chains, and growth, they offer a robust vision of a renewed industrial policy, and what it can offer the US economy in the face of climate change and a global pandemic.

Reinventing Government

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Author :
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reinventing Government by : David Osborne

Download or read book Reinventing Government written by David Osborne and published by Basic Books (AZ). This book was released on 1992-02-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this policy-shaping book, Osborne and Gaebler show the way toward nothing less than an American perestroika, shaking up accepted notions of what governance means with success stories of ghetto schools that brilliantly educate, sanitation departments that make a profit, and police departments that are as efficient as any high-tech corporation.

Political Entrepreneurs

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691254125
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Entrepreneurs by : Catherine E. De Vries

Download or read book Political Entrepreneurs written by Catherine E. De Vries and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How challenger parties, acting as political entrepreneurs, are changing European democracies Challenger parties are on the rise in Europe, exemplified by the likes of Podemos in Spain, the National Rally in France, the Alternative for Germany, or the Brexit Party in Great Britain. Like disruptive entrepreneurs, these parties offer new policies and defy the dominance of established party brands. In the face of these challenges and a more volatile electorate, mainstream parties are losing their grip on power. In this book, Catherine De Vries and Sara Hobolt explore why some challenger parties are so successful and what mainstream parties can do to confront these political entrepreneurs. Drawing analogies with how firms compete, De Vries and Hobolt demonstrate that political change is as much about the ability of challenger parties to innovate as it is about the inability of dominant parties to respond. Challenger parties employ two types of innovation to break established party dominance: they mobilize new issues, such as immigration, the environment, and Euroscepticism, and they employ antiestablishment rhetoric to undermine mainstream party appeal. Unencumbered by government experience, challenger parties adapt more quickly to shifting voter tastes and harness voter disenchantment. Delving into strategies of dominance versus innovation, the authors explain why European party systems have remained stable for decades, but also why they are now increasingly under strain. As challenger parties continue to seek to disrupt the existing order, Political Entrepreneurs shows that their ascendency fundamentally alters government stability and democratic politics.

Zero to a Billion

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Publisher : Dudley Court Press, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1940013054
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Zero to a Billion by : David Kriegman

Download or read book Zero to a Billion written by David Kriegman and published by Dudley Court Press, LLC. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal professional services market is one of the world’s largest, and one of the most competitive. Companies struggle to compete and prosper. In Zero to a Billion, David Kriegman, former SRA International executive, presents techniques to help companies succeed where many have failed. His book goes beyond standard compliance books to provide answers to questions like these: Why do some companies grow while others stagnate or go out of business? How do you differentiate yourself and compete with much larger companies? Why do you lose work when the customer says you are doing a good job? How do you attract, retain, and motivate top talent? Why do some acquisitions succeed while others are considered less than a success or even a failure? Kriegman draws on his thirty years of experience to illustrate the essential lessons of strategy, business development, cultural issues and operations with real-world examples and actionable ideas. The book is recommended for new and mid-career managers as well as seasoned executives.

The Myth of the Entrepreneurial State

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Publisher : American Institute for Economic Research
ISBN 13 : 1630692093
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Myth of the Entrepreneurial State by : Deirdre Nansen McCloskey

Download or read book The Myth of the Entrepreneurial State written by Deirdre Nansen McCloskey and published by American Institute for Economic Research. This book was released on 2020-10-16 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common narrative of the post-World War II economists was that the State is indispensable for guiding investment and fostering innovation. They claimed that the wealth of the modern world is the result of past State guidance and that what is needed for future economic growth is more State guidance. This position has recently been rejuvenated in reaction to the Great Recession of 2008. The truth is that the enriched modern economy was not a product of State coercion. It was a product of a change in political and social rhetoric in northwestern Europe from 1517 to 1789. The Great Enrichment, that is, came from human ingenuity emancipated from the bottom up, not human ingenuity directed from the top down. The true question is what on balance is the best way to organize innovation—by the “wise State” or by commercially tested betterment? The American Institute for Economic Research in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, was founded in 1933 as the first independent voice for sound economics in the United States. Today it publishes ongoing research, hosts educational programs, publishes books, sponsors interns and scholars, and is home to the world-renowned Bastiat Society and the highly respected Sound Money Project. The American Institute for Economic Research is a 501c3 public charity. The Adam Smith Institute is one of the world's leading think tanks, recognised as the best domestic and international economic policy think-tank in the UK and ranked 2nd in the world among Independent Think Tanks by the University of Pennsylvania. Independent, non-profit and non-partisan, the Adam Smith Institute works to promote free market, neoliberal ideas through research, publishing, media outreach, and education. The Institute is today at the forefront of making the case for free markets and a free society in the United Kingdom. The Institute was founded in the 1970s, as post-war socialism reached its high-watermark. Then, as now, its purpose was to educate the public about free markets and economic policy, and to inject sound ideas into the public debate.

21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309136628
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book 21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing that a capacity to innovate and commercialize new high-technology products is increasingly a key for the economic growth in the environment of tighter environmental and resource constraints, governments around the world have taken active steps to strengthen their national innovation systems. These steps underscore the belief of these governments that the rising costs and risks associated with new potentially high-payoff technologies, their spillover or externality-generating effects and the growing global competition, require national R&D programs to support the innovations by new and existing high-technology firms within their borders. The National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) has embarked on a study of selected foreign innovation programs in comparison with major U.S. programs. The "21st Century Innovation Systems for the United States and Japan: Lessons from a Decade of Change" symposium reviewed government programs and initiatives to support the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, government-university- industry collaboration and consortia, and the impact of the intellectual property regime on innovation. This book brings together the papers presented at the conference and provides a historical context of the issues discussed at the symposium.