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Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309212219
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle

Author : Arne Schousboe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319450964
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle by : Arne Schousboe

Download or read book The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle written by Arne Schousboe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental biochemical studies of basic brain metabolism focusing on the neuroactive amino acids glutamate and GABA combined with the seminal observation that one of the key enzymes, glutamine synthetase is localized in astroglial cells but not in neurons resulted in the formulation of the term “The Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.” In this cycle glutamate released from neurons is taken up by surrounding astrocytes, amidated by the action of glutamine synthetase to glutamine which can be transferred back to the neurons. The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is like a stealth technology, hiding the glutamate molecule which would be highly toxic to neurons due to its excitotoxic action. This series of reactions require the concerted and precise interaction of a number of enzymes and plasma membrane transporters, and this volume provides in-depth descriptions of these processes. Obviously such a series of complicated reactions may well be prone to malfunction and therefore neurological diseases are likely to be associated with such malfunction of the enzymes and transporters involved in the cycle. These aspects are also discussed in several chapters of the book. A number of leading experts in neuroscience including intermediary metabolism, enzymology and transporter physiology have contributed to this book which provides comprehensive discussions of these different aspects of the functional importance of the glutamate-glutamine cycle coupling homeostasis of glutamatergic, excitatory neurotransmission to basic aspects of brain energy metabolism. This book will be of particular importance for students as well as professionals interested in these fundamental processes involved in brain function and dysfunction.

Webvision

Author : Helga Kolb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Webvision by : Helga Kolb

Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain

Author : J. E. Cremer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780333133088
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain by : J. E. Cremer

Download or read book Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain written by J. E. Cremer and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

GABA And Glutamate

Author : Janko Samardzic
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535138219
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis GABA And Glutamate by : Janko Samardzic

Download or read book GABA And Glutamate written by Janko Samardzic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collates the contributions of a selected number of neuroscientists that are interested in the molecular, preclinical, and clinical aspects of neurotransmission research. The seven chapters in this book address the latest research/review data related to GABA/glutamate system's organization and function, the structure of receptors, subtypes and their ligands, as well as the translational approach and clinical implications. The book offers readers a rich collection of data regarding current and future applications of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, including promising research strategies and potential clinical benefits.

Dopamine - Glutamate Interactions in the Basal Ganglia

Author : Susan Jones
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420088807
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Dopamine - Glutamate Interactions in the Basal Ganglia by : Susan Jones

Download or read book Dopamine - Glutamate Interactions in the Basal Ganglia written by Susan Jones and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basal ganglia are involved in complex brain functions, from voluntary movement control to learning and reward processing, and they are implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Information from the cerebral cortex and thalamus is conveyed to basal ganglia nuclei via glutamate release, while dopamine from the midbrain is rel

Dopamine and Glutamate in Psychiatric Disorders

Author : Werner Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592598528
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Dopamine and Glutamate in Psychiatric Disorders by : Werner Schmidt

Download or read book Dopamine and Glutamate in Psychiatric Disorders written by Werner Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-21 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illuminating summary of our current understanding of the interactive role of dopamine and glutamate in psychiatric diseases and the therapeutic strategies and possibilities for future treatment. Among the new ideas presented are hypotheses on the role of dopamine and glutamate in aggression, the glutamate system in anxiety disorders, glutamate and neurodegeneration, and on the origin and progression of Parkinson's disease. Additional chapters offer novel insights into a variety of psychiatric diseases, including ADHD, stress, aggression, addiction, schizophrenia, depression, social phobias, dementias, bulimia, and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Each chapter summarizes the prevalence and symptoms of the disease and explains the involvement of dopamine and/or glutamate systems using the newer molecular approaches such as transgenic knockout or knockin mice and recent brain imaging techniques.

Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters

Author : Jan Egebjerg
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780748408818
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters by : Jan Egebjerg

Download or read book Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters written by Jan Egebjerg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-04 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ubiquitous presence of glutamate and GABA receptors in the nervous system makes these receptor systems pivotal to our understanding of neurotransmission. Cloning of the molecular components of these receptor systems has provided insights to the selectivity of many drugs and detailed characterisation at the molecular level is emerging. Moreover, continuous development of novel and selective drugs has revealed detailed information on the mechanism of receptor activation and regulation. However, the rapid development of different aspects of glutamate and GABA receptor research makes it increasingly difficult to establish a general view of the field. Studies of the receptors are a multi-disciplinary task employing many specialised techniques. This book conveys recent discoveries in a framework of the basic concepts in the field of glutamate and GABA receptor research. Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters: Structure, Function and Pharmacology is suitable for postgraduate students studying ligand gated channels but also beneficial for industrial and academic research scientists in both the glutamate and GABA field. Universities offering programs in neuroscience, molecular pharmacology or medicinal chemistry will find this a valuable reference.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Author : Robert Vink
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
ISBN 13 : 0987073052
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue

Author : Santokh Gill
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 030648644X
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue by : Santokh Gill

Download or read book Glutamate Receptors in Peripheral Tissue written by Santokh Gill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-31 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutamate receptors (GluRs) in the central nervous system have been the subject of intense investigations for several decades, providing new avenues for the understanding of excitatory neurotransmission, excitotoxicity, mechanisms of injury, and therapeutics for several acute neurological conditions, such as brain trauma, and for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders including addictions, Alzheimer disease, etc. Evidences of GluRs beyond the central nervous system were first reported in the early 1990s. When the idea of this book was conceived, the knowledge, specificity, and functional significance of GluRs in peripheral tissues was still in its embryonic stage. From our perspective, the idea of GluRs in peripheral tissues arose from our research on seafood toxins (see Chapter 1), and has now been reinforced by the results of other scientists working in similar areas. In this book, we have invited some of the leading authorities in the field to summarize their findings and to provide a framework for further investigations. The book is divided into three sections— Part I is on general concepts and concentrates on the distribution and cell-specific localiza tion of glutamate receptors, their transporters, and the pharmacology in peripheral tissues and organs. Part II emphasizes the presence and implications of these receptors in specific target tissues, organs, and systems, including liver, lungs, endocrine tissues, bone, immune system, etc. Part III focuses on glutamate receptors in plants to illustrate their presence beyond the animal kingdom.

Ageing and Dementia

Author : Kurt Jellinger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783211837979
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Ageing and Dementia by : Kurt Jellinger

Download or read book Ageing and Dementia written by Kurt Jellinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiological studies, modern clinical, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, molecular biological, and genetic studies have considerably enhanced our knowledge about ageing processes of the human brain, its sequelae, diagnostic, and therapeutic possibilities and limits. In addition to Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative dementias, the impact of cerebrovascular lesions and their risk factors in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders of the aged are increasingly acknowledged, and the recognition of mild cognitive impairment as a frequent initial stage of developing dementia is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The included papers were presented at the 7th International Symposium in Graz, Sept. 2001 and give a timely overview of the current and future concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of pathological brain ageing and dementias, early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and future possiblities of prevention of dementing processes.

Electrochemical Methods for Neuroscience

Author : Adrian C. Michael
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420005863
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Methods for Neuroscience by : Adrian C. Michael

Download or read book Electrochemical Methods for Neuroscience written by Adrian C. Michael and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first implant of a carbon microelectrode in a rat 35 years ago, there have been substantial advances in the sensitivity, selectivity and temporal resolution of electrochemical techniques. Today, these methods provide neurochemical information that is not accessible by other means. The growing recognition of the versatility of electrochemi

The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism

Author : Anne Le
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331977736X
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism by : Anne Le

Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Glutamate

Author : J. Storm-Mathisen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080532578
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate by : J. Storm-Mathisen

Download or read book Glutamate written by J. Storm-Mathisen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-11-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume presents a comprehensive and up-to-date treatise of the glutamatergic synapse and its environment. Particular emphasis is on the localizations of the molecular constituents of the synaptic machinery. Immunogold and other high-resolution methods are used extensively. Each chapter presents new data that have not previously been reviewed. The material presented forms the basis for work directed to understanding the functional properties of excitatory synapses in greater depth, to discover mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders and novel methods for treatment. Chapter 1 deals with the transmitter molecule itself, mechanisms of release and pathways for glutamate synthesis. The anatomy of glutamatergic nerve projection pathways in different brain regions is dealt with. In Chapter 2, focus is on aspartate, the enigmatic congener of glutamate, and its possible role in excitatory neurotransmission. Chapters 3 through 6 deal with glutamate receptors. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents an in situ hybridization atlas of the different classes of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The localizations of these receptors at the regional and synaptic level are presented in Chapter 5. The ways in which the receptors are brought to the synapse and held in position are the subject of Chapter 6. Chapter 7 deals with the enzymes responsible for formation and catabolism of glutamate. In Chapter 8, the regulation of extracellular glutamate levels by glutamate transporters is discussed. The final two chapters of the volume focus on two "model synapses" that, due to special features, lend themselves particularly well to demonstrating properties of glutamatergic synapses. The hair cell-to-afferent nerve terminal synapses in the inner ear (Chapter 9), with their supporting cells, share essential properties with glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system. The salient features of the latter are illustrated by the synapses of the giant reticulo-spinal axons of the lamprey, used to unravel molecular mechanisms of the cycling of synaptic vesicles (Chapter 10).

Neurochemical Aspects of Excitotoxicity

Author : Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387730230
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurochemical Aspects of Excitotoxicity by : Akhlaq A. Farooqui

Download or read book Neurochemical Aspects of Excitotoxicity written by Akhlaq A. Farooqui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-20 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers offer cutting-edge information on glutamate metabolism in the brain, examining the role of glutamate transporters and the involvement of glutamate receptors in the pathogenesis of acute neural trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the authors discuss the treatment of these diseases with endogenous and exogenous antioxidants and glutamate receptor antagonists.

The Glutamate Receptors

Author : Robert W. Gereau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1597450553
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glutamate Receptors by : Robert W. Gereau

Download or read book The Glutamate Receptors written by Robert W. Gereau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-23 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful and comprehensive book covers nearly every aspect of glutamate receptor structure and function for the working researcher and student. It condenses two previous landmark volumes into one easily accessible volume, and covers the extraordinary research and significant developments in the decade since the previous books were published. This includes the central role glutamate receptors play in neurotransmission.

Glutamate-based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders

Author : Phil Skolnick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034602413
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutamate-based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders by : Phil Skolnick

Download or read book Glutamate-based Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders written by Phil Skolnick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-07 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors present attractive “druggable” targets in treating disorders of the central nervous system. There has been a dramatic shift in the focus of glutamate-based therapies away from neurologic disorders such as stroke and traumatic brain injury to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. This “Milestones in Drug Therapy” volume offers a unique, contemporary overview of preclinical and clinical evidence that modulating glutamatergic tone is an effective means of treating psychiatric disorders ranging from depression and anxiety to schizophrenia and drug abuse. The ability to treat diseases such as depression and schizophrenia through multiple, glutamate-based mechanisms offers a unique therapeutic opportunity, as described in this book.