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Geomechanics To Solve Geological Structure Issues Forward Inverse And Restoration Modeling
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Book Synopsis Geomechanics to Solve Geological Structure Issues: Forward, Inverse and Restoration Modeling by : Frantz Maerten
Download or read book Geomechanics to Solve Geological Structure Issues: Forward, Inverse and Restoration Modeling written by Frantz Maerten and published by . This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different applications of linear elasticity in structural geology are presented in this thesis through the development of three types of numerical computer codes. The first one uses forward modeling to study displacement and perturbed stress fields around complexly faulted regions. We show that incorporating inequality constraints, such as static Coulomb friction, enables one to explain the angle of initiation of jogs in extensional relays. Adding heterogeneous material properties and optimizations, such as parallelization on multicore architectures and complexity reduction, admits more complex models. The second type deals with inverse modeling, also called parameter estimation. Linear slip inversion on faults with complex geometry, as well as paleo-stress inversion using a geomechanical approach, are developed. The last type of numerical computer code is dedicated to restoration of complexly folded and faulted structures. It is shown that this technique enables one to check balanced cross-sections, and also to retrieve fault chronology. Finally, we show that this code allows one to smooth noisy 3D interpreted faulted and folded horizons using geomechanics.
Book Synopsis Fault-related Deformation Over Geologic Time by : Peter James Lovely
Download or read book Fault-related Deformation Over Geologic Time written by Peter James Lovely and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough understanding of the kinematic and mechanical evolution of fault-related structures is of great value, both academic (e.g. How do mountains form?) and practical (e.g. How are valuable hydrocarbons trapped in fault-related folds?). Precise knowledge of the present-day geometry is necessary to know where to drill for hydrocarbons. Understanding the evolution of a structure, including displacement fields, strain and stress history, may offer powerful insights to how and if hydrocarbons might have migrated, and the most efficient way to extract them. Small structures, including faults, fractures, pressure solution seams, and localized compaction, which may strongly influence subsurface fluid flow, may be predictable with a detailed mechanical understanding of a structure's evolution. The primary focus of this thesis is the integration of field observations, geospatial data including airborne LiDAR, and numerical modeling to investigate three dimensional deformational patterns associated with fault slip accumulated over geologic time scales. The work investigates contractional tectonics at Sheep Mountain anticline, Greybull, WY, and extensional tectonics at the Volcanic Tableland, Bishop, CA. A detailed geometric model is a necessary prerequisite for complete kinematic or mechanical analysis of any structure. High quality 3D seismic imaging data provides the means to characterize fold geometry for many subsurface industrial applications; however, such data is expensive, availability is limited, and data quality is often poor in regions of high topography where outcrop exposures are best. A new method for using high resolution topographic data, geologic field mapping and numerical interpolation is applied to model the 3D geometry of a reservoir-scale fold at Sheep Mountain anticline. The Volcanic Tableland is a classic field site for studies of fault slip scaling relationships and conceptual models for evolution of normal faults. Three dimensional elastic models are used to constrain subsurface fault geometry from detailed maps of fault scarps and topography, and to reconcile two potentially competing conceptual models for fault growth: by coalescence and by subsidiary faulting. The Tableland fault array likely initiated as a broad array of small faults, and as some have grown and coalesced, their strain shadows have inhibited the growth and initiation of nearby faults. The Volcanic Tableland also is used as a geologic example in a study of the capabilities and limitations of mechanics-based restoration, a relatively new approach to modeling in structural geology that provides distinct advantages over traditional kinematic methods, but that is significantly hampered by unphysical boundary conditions. The models do not accurately represent geological strain and stress distributions, as many have hoped. A new mechanics-based retrodeformational technique that is not subject to the same unphysical boundary conditions is suggested. However, the method, which is based on reversal of tectonic loads that may be optimized by paleostress analysis, restores only that topography which may be explained by an idealized elastic model. Elastic models are appealing for mechanical analysis of fault-related deformation because the linear nature of such models lends itself to retrodeformation and provides computationally efficient and stable numerical implementation for simulating slip distributions and associated deformation in complicated 3D fault systems. However, cumulative rock deformation is not elastic. Synthetic models are applied to investigate the implications of assuming elastic deformation and frictionless fault slip, as opposed to a more realistic elasto-plastic deformation with frictional fault slip. Results confirm that elastic models are limited in their ability to simulate geologic stress distributions, but that they may provide a reasonable, first-order approximation of strain tensor orientation and the distribution of relative strain perturbations, particularly distal from fault tips. The kinematics of elastic and elasto-plastic models diverge in the vicinity of fault tips. Results emphasize the importance of accurately and completely representing subsurface fault geometry in linear or nonlinear models.
Book Synopsis Paleostress Inversion Techniques by : Christophe Pascal
Download or read book Paleostress Inversion Techniques written by Christophe Pascal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleostress Inversion Techniques: Methods and Applications for Tectonics is an ideal reference for both academic and industry researchers in the Earth Sciences. The book introduces the methodologies developed to reconstruct (paleo) stress tensors from geological data. The interest and potential outcomes of the methods are illustrated by practical examples and supplementary electronic material and an overview on future research directions. As paleostress inversion methods are particularly useful in tectonic analyses at regional and local scales and their outcomes are relevant when trying to predict the orientations of fracture sets and potential fluid flow paths and associated mineralizations, this book provides an ideal resource. Includes detailed explanations of methods, along with concrete applications of paleostress inversion techniques Clearly illustrates the outcomes, advantages and limitations of the techniques Serves as a practical guide for both academics and industry researchers interested in structural geology, geodynamics and tectonics
Book Synopsis The Geology of Kuwait by : Abd el-aziz Khairy Abd el-aal
Download or read book The Geology of Kuwait written by Abd el-aziz Khairy Abd el-aal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-21 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book contains a set of chapters covering all aspects of geosciences related to Kuwait and adjacent regions, including Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf states. It covers basic information about the geology including a wide range of geoscientific disciplines such as marine geology, structural geology, hydrogeology and geophysics related to the region. This book is aimed at researchers and students, as well as professionals in the field of hazard mitigation and petroleum exploration.
Book Synopsis Modeling in Geomechanics by : Musharraf Zaman
Download or read book Modeling in Geomechanics written by Musharraf Zaman and published by . This book was released on 2000-08-22 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling in Geomechanics Edited by Musharraf Zaman The University of Oklahoma, USA Giancarlo Gioda Politecnico di Milano, Italy John Booker University of Sydney, Australia Geomechanics is an interdisciplinary field involving the study of natural and man-made systems with emphasis on the mechanics of various interacting phenomena. It comprises numerous aspects of engineering and scientific disciplines, which share common bases in mathematics, mechanics and physics. In recent years, with the extraordinary growth of computing power and resources, progress in the generation of new theories and techniques for the analysis of geomechanics problems has far surpassed their actual use by practitioners. This has led to a gap between our ability to deal with complex, inter-disciplinary problems in geomechanics and the actual impact of these advances on engineering practice. This book contains contributions from an international group of accomplished researchers and practitioners from various branches of soil and rock engineering, and presents the latest theoretical developments and practical applications of modeling in geomechanics. Chapters are grouped into four main sections: * Computational procedures * Constitutive modeling and testing * Modeling and simulation * Applications Efforts have been made to include recent developments and provide suggestions and examples as to how these can be applied in modeling actual engineering problems. Researchers, practitioners and students in geomechanics, mechanics of solids, soil and rock engineering will find this book an invaluable reference.
Book Synopsis Using Stokes Flow Equations for the Geomechanical Restoration of Geological Structural Models by : Melchior Schuh-Senlis
Download or read book Using Stokes Flow Equations for the Geomechanical Restoration of Geological Structural Models written by Melchior Schuh-Senlis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to study the subsurface, one must first understand its deformation through time. As the available data coverage is not sufficient to determine these deformations precisely, geologists make hypotheses to link them depending on their knowledge. This allows them to create structural models, which can be seen as the sum of all the data and knowledge on a specific area. Structural restoration was developped to try and make a model go back in time. The advantages are dual: first, it allows the validation of the structural model by checking if the restored model has a reasonable geometry. Second, the history and retro-deformation of the rock layers can be studied from the path they take during the restoration process (which also allows checking the hypotheses that were made on the history of the area). In the context of faulted and folded sedimentary basins, mechanics have been incorporated in the restoration process to compute the deformation of the rock layers inside the models, but the time reversal is still driven mainly by geometric conditions. In the context of basins incorporating salt tectonics, creeping flow restoration was developped by considering the rocks as highly viscous fluids, but neglects faults and non-flat topography. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide an approach to add more physical conditions to the restoration of faulted sedimentary basins. This approach relies on mechanical simulations of the subsurface. The rock layers are treated as highly viscous fluids, and the restoration is driven by a negative time-step advection. The faults are considered as shear zones with an effective viscosity lower than the surrounding sediments. This methods allowed the restoration of several simplified models of the subsurface. The second contribution of this thesis is an assessment of the choice of the parameters for the restoration simulations. This assessment is based on the restoration of a laboratory analogue model. The boundary conditions are first studied, to determine how to provide an adequate choice of conditions that still allow the restoration of the model. The material properties and their influence are then looked upon, to determine the effective parameters that are closest to those of the rocks inside the model. These contributions offer a new perspective on how to add more physical conditions to the geomechanical restoration of structural models of the subsurface.
Book Synopsis Numerical Methods and Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics by : Chandrakant S. Desai
Download or read book Numerical Methods and Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics written by Chandrakant S. Desai and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-10-22 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solution of stress analysis problems through numerical, computer oriented techniques is becoming more and more popular in soil and rock engineering. This is due to the ability of these methods to handle geometrically complex problems even in the presence of highly nonlinear material behaviour, characterizing the majority of soils and rocks, and of media consisting of two or more phases, like saturated and partially saturated soils. Aim of this book is to present to researchers and engineers working in the various branches of geomechanics an updated state of the research on the development and application of numerical methods in geotechnical and foundation engineering. Particular attention is devoted to the formulation of nonlinear material models and to their use for the analysis of complex engineering problems. In addition to the constitutive modelling, other topics discussed concern the use of the finite element and boundary element methods in geomechanics; the dynamic analysis of inelastic and saturated soils; the solution of seepage, consolidation and coupled problems; the analysis of soil-structure interaction problems; the numerical procedures for the interpretation of field measurements; the analysis of tunnels and underground openings.
Book Synopsis Applicability of the Mechanics-based Restoration by : Benjamin Chauvin
Download or read book Applicability of the Mechanics-based Restoration written by Benjamin Chauvin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural restoration aims to recover rock paleo-geometries and to validate structural interpretations. The classical methods are based on geometric/kinematic assumptions and impose a style of deformation. Geomechanical methods, by integrating rock elastic behavior and fundamental mechanical conservation laws, aim to solve issues of classical methods. However several studies show that the geomechanical restoration lacks physical consistency in particular because of the boundary conditions. There are uncertainties on the choice of the elastic properties, and the meshing constraints limit this method to be used as a validation tool of structural interpretations. The choice of a specific restoration method is difficult because there are many geomechanical restoration approaches, in addition to the numerous geometric/kinematic methods. Firstly, this thesis presents a review of the various 3D geomechanical methods to unfold and unfault a 3D geological model. The objective is to present their, theoretical and practical, strengths and limits. Secondly, through the restoration of a structural sandbox model, we worked on the choice of adequate boundary conditions to get a proper restored model. This structural sandbox model was deformed in laboratory and presents several analogies with supra-salt extensional structures. Thanks to the observation of the analog model geometry through time on a cross section, we show that a lateral shortening boundary condition is necessary. We show that this shortening can be estimated by the area-depth method. Moreover we define new fault contact conditions to handle complex fault networks. These novel conditions tie internal fault borders and join parts of offset faults. Thirdly, the test of several elastic parameters shows that Young's modulus, homogeneous within a geological model, has almost no effect on the restoration displacement field. However, Poisson's ratio has a significant impact on the volume dilatation. Finally, we compare the mechanics-based restoration method with a geometric-based method relying on a chronostratigraphic model (GeoChron) mapping any point of the subsurface to its image in depositional (Wheeler) space. We show that both methods provide a geometrically similar restored state for the analog model. The geometric method has numerous advantages to quickly and accurately get a restored model, but it lacks flexibility on the choice of the deformation constraints. The geomechanical restoration method force is to define custom boundary conditions and specific mechanical behaviors to handle complex contexts.
Book Synopsis Numerical Analysis and Modelling in Geomechanics by : John W. Bull
Download or read book Numerical Analysis and Modelling in Geomechanics written by John W. Bull and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-04-17 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In geomechanics, existing design methods are very much dependent upon sophisticated on-site techniques to assess ground conditions. This book describes numerical analysis, computer simulation and modelling that can be used to answer some highly complex questions associated with geomechanics. The contributors, who are all international experts in the field, also give insights into the future directions of these methods. Numerical Analysis and Modelling in Geomechanics will appeal to professional engineers involved in designing and building both onshore and offshore structures, where geomechanical considerations may well be outside the usual codes of practice, and therefore specialist advice is required. Postgraduate researchers, degree students carrying out project work in this area will also find the book an invaluable resource.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309373727 Total Pages :177 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
Book Synopsis Geomechanics and Geology by : J.P. Turner
Download or read book Geomechanics and Geology written by J.P. Turner and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomechanics investigates the origin, magnitude and deformational consequences of stresses in the crust. In recent years awareness of geomechanical processes has been heightened by societal debates on fracking, human-induced seismicity, natural geohazards and safety issues with respect to petroleum exploration drilling, carbon sequestration and radioactive waste disposal. This volume explores the common ground linking geomechanics with inter alia economic and petroleum geology, structural geology, petrophysics, seismology, geotechnics, reservoir engineering and production technology. Geomechanics is a rapidly developing field that brings together a broad range of subsurface professionals seeking to use their expertise to solve current challenges in applied and fundamental geoscience. A rich diversity of case studies herein showcase applications of geomechanics to hydrocarbon exploration and field development, natural and artificial geohazards, reservoir stimulation, contemporary tectonics and subsurface fluid flow. These papers provide a representative snapshot of the exciting state of geomechanics and establish it firmly as a flourishing subdiscipline of geology that merits broadest exposure across the academic and corporate geosciences.
Book Synopsis The Rock Physics Handbook by : Gary Mavko
Download or read book The Rock Physics Handbook written by Gary Mavko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significantly expanded new edition of this practical guide to rock physics and geophysical interpretation for reservoir geophysicists and engineers.
Download or read book Geo-frontiers 2011 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling by : Taras Gerya
Download or read book Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling written by Taras Gerya and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This user-friendly reference for students and researchers presents the basic mathematical theory, before introducing modelling of key geodynamic processes.
Book Synopsis Reliability and Statistics in Geotechnical Engineering by : Gregory B. Baecher
Download or read book Reliability and Statistics in Geotechnical Engineering written by Gregory B. Baecher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk and reliability analysis is an area of growing importance in geotechnical engineering, where many variables have to be considered. Statistics, reliability modeling and engineering judgement are employed together to develop risk and decision analyses for civil engineering systems. The resulting engineering models are used to make probabilistic predictions, which are applied to geotechnical problems. Reliability & Statistics in Geotechnical Engineering comprehensively covers the subject of risk and reliability in both practical and research terms * Includes extensive use of case studies * Presents topics not covered elsewhere--spatial variability and stochastic properties of geological materials * No comparable texts available Practicing engineers will find this an essential resource as will graduates in geotechnical engineering programmes.
Book Synopsis The Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering by : James Fern
Download or read book The Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering written by James Fern and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide provides the best introduction to large deformation material point method (MPM) simulations for geotechnical engineering. It provides the basic theory, discusses the different numerical features used in large deformation simulations, and presents a number of applications -- providing references, examples and guidance when using MPM for practical applications. MPM covers problems in static and dynamic situations within a common framework. It also opens new frontiers in geotechnical modelling and numerical analysis. It represents a powerful tool for exploring large deformation behaviours of soils, structures and fluids, and their interactions, such as internal and external erosion, and post-liquefaction analysis; for instance the post-failure liquid-like behaviours of landslides, penetration problems such as CPT and pile installation, and scouring problems related to underwater pipelines. In the recent years, MPM has developed enough for its practical use in industry, apart from the increasing interest in the academic world.
Book Synopsis Multiple-point Geostatistics by : Professor Gregoire Mariethoz
Download or read book Multiple-point Geostatistics written by Professor Gregoire Mariethoz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to multiple-point geostatistics, where spatial continuity is described using training images. Multiple-point geostatistics aims at bridging the gap between physical modelling/realism and spatio-temporal stochastic modelling. The book provides an overview of this new field in three parts. Part I presents a conceptual comparison between traditional random function theory and stochastic modelling based on training images, where random function theory is not always used. Part II covers in detail various algorithms and methodologies starting from basic building blocks in statistical science and computer science. Concepts such as non-stationary and multi-variate modeling, consistency between data and model, the construction of training images and inverse modelling are treated. Part III covers three example application areas, namely, reservoir modelling, mineral resources modelling and climate model downscaling. This book will be an invaluable reference for students, researchers and practitioners of all areas of the Earth Sciences where forecasting based on spatio-temporal data is performed.
