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Geography And Exporting Behavior
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Book Synopsis Geography and Exporting Behavior by : Megha Mukim
Download or read book Geography and Exporting Behavior written by Megha Mukim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines locational factors that increase the odds of a firm's entry into export markets and affect the intensity of its participation. It differentiates between two different sources of spillovers: clustering of general economic activity and that of export-oriented activity. It also focuses on the effect of the business environment and that of institutions at the spatial unit of districts in India. The study disentangles the within-industry effect from the within-firm effect. A simple logit specification is used to model the probability of entry. The analysis is based on a panel of manufacturing firms in India, which allows for the introduction of firm-specific controls and a battery of fixed effects. The findings suggest that exporter-specific clustering, general economic agglomeration, and institutional factors affect firms' export behavior.
Book Synopsis Essays in International Trade and Economic Geography by : Sau Lai Book
Download or read book Essays in International Trade and Economic Geography written by Sau Lai Book and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The thesis consists of three chapters that study internal economic geography, spatial frictions, and firms' multiple dimensions of export behavior. They feature an explicit spatial structure within an exporting country and examine how the differences in geographical characteristics affect firms' extensive and intensive margins of trade activities, as well as price-setting behavior. The first chapter studies firms' learning from exporting peers in different spatial networks to reduce uncertainty in a foreign market's demand, formalizing the relationship between spatial frictions in learning and the extensive margin of trade activities. Evidence suggests that the learning effect is stronger when there are more geographically close neighbors to learn from, precision or the strength of the signal increases, and when the firm starts exporting to a market dissimilar from its previously served markets. The second chapter analyzes the role of internal distance, measured by geographical distance to the nearest port infrastructure, on shipment costs, volumes, and frequencies. It establishes the links between spatial heterogeneity in trade costs and the intensive margin of trade activities. A simple structural model is used to estimate shipment costs at the firm-product-destination level. Evidence reveals that shipment costs correlate positively with the internal distance, favouring large and infrequent shipments for geographically distant exporters. The third chapter examines the role of internal distance in quality differentiation and price-setting behavior of exporters. Empirical findings suggest that free-on-board export unit price decreases systematically with internal distance, and the effect is stronger in shipments of differentiated or knowledge-intensive products. It presents a theoretical framework that features quality differentiation across space to rationalize these empirical patterns"--
Book Synopsis The Internal Geography of Trade by : Thomas Farole
Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While national incomes have converged in recent decades, the emergence of entrenched leading and lagging regions within countries is becoming a critical policy challenge. Drawing on empirical studies and case studies, this book assesses the role of trade integration and connectivity in shaping and addressing the challenges of lagging regions.
Book Synopsis Essays on Productivity, Economic Geography and Trade by : Rodrigo A. Echeverria
Download or read book Essays on Productivity, Economic Geography and Trade written by Rodrigo A. Echeverria and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the relative importance of firm-specific and geographic characteristics for export behavior in the Chilean primary and processed food industries. The first essay develops a new method for measuring geographic characteristics to account for economic activity in adjacent, but separate spatial units. In the application to the Chilean manufacturing industry, the proposed index better identifies the presence of locational forces (e.g., technological spillovers or natural advantages) than do traditional indexes. Results suggest a higher geographic concentration of Chilean manufacturing firms through technological spillovers in highly populated areas, and access to natural resources in areas that are farther from large cities. The second essay analyzes the determinants of Chilean farms' decision to produce exportables, i.e., export participation. An export behavior model is estimated using farm-level data from the Chilean Census of Agriculture and a two-stage conditional maximum likelihood procedure. Results show that a farm's efficiency or productivity is more important than its location for its export participation. When a high-productivity farm locates in a region with better geographic characteristics, its likelihood of producing for export markets is higher. On the other hand, an opposite result is obtained when a low-productivity farm locates in regions with better geographic attributes. The latter suggests that farms must achieve a minimum level of efficiency for geographic characteristics to positively affect their export participation. The third essay investigates firms' decision to export as well as that on how much to export (intensity) in the Chilean processed food industries. Results show the relative importance of sunk costs, foreign ownership and firm size in the Chilean firms' export decision. Productivity and geography play a more prominent role in firms' export-intensity decision in selected industries. In general, firm-specific characteristics appear to be more important than geographic attributes for export behavior. The three essays contribute to a better understanding of firms' export behavior, in particular those in the Chilean agriculture and processed food industries. By providing insights into factors affecting export behavior, these three essays have implications for public policies to encourage firms' participation in global markets.
Book Synopsis Geography and Export Performance by : Stephen Redding
Download or read book Geography and Export Performance written by Stephen Redding and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the determinants of countries' export performance looking in particular at the role of international product market linkages. We begin with a novel decomposition of the growth in countries' exports into the contribution from increases in external demand and from improved internal supply-side conditions. Building on the results of this decomposition we move on to an econometric analysis of the determinants of export performance. Results include the finding that poor external geography, poor internal geography, and poor institutional quality contribute in approximately equal measure to explaining Sub-Saharan Africa's poor export performance.
Book Synopsis A Geography of Economic Behavior by : Michael E. Eliot Hurst
Download or read book A Geography of Economic Behavior written by Michael E. Eliot Hurst and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technology, Geography, and Trade Over Time by : Carter Mix
Download or read book Technology, Geography, and Trade Over Time written by Carter Mix and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geographical Disadvantage by : Anthony Venables
Download or read book Geographical Disadvantage written by Anthony Venables and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What effect does distance have on costs for economies at different locations? Exports and imports of final and intermediate goods bear transport costs that increase with distance. Production and trade depend on factor endowments and factor intensities as well as on distance and the transport intensities of different goods"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Geographical Psychology by : Peter J. Rentfrow
Download or read book Geographical Psychology written by Peter J. Rentfrow and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2014 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume attempts to make the case that our understanding of psychological phenomena can be greatly informed by a geographical perspective--one that explores the spatial organization of psychological phenomena and considers how individual characteristics, social entities, and physical features of the environment contribute to their organization. The chapters in the book highlight the ways in which social and physical features of the environment, such as local demography, political and economic institutions, topography, and climate, influence and interact with psychological processes. The perspectives described herein complement and extend theory and research in several areas of psychology, including social, personality, cultural, environmental, evolutionary, and comparative. By bringing together streams of research at the intersection of geographical psychology, I have tried to show how widely studied psychological constructs relate to and are influenced by broad social, ecological, economic, and political forces. At the same time, this research demonstrates the relevance of psychology for understanding macro-level processes. Ultimately, this book is designed to inform researchers about the value of examining psychological phenomena and their spatial components"--Introduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).
Book Synopsis Spatial Behavior by : Reginald G. Golledge
Download or read book Spatial Behavior written by Reginald G. Golledge and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1996-12-27 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do human beings negotiate the spaces in which they live, work, and play? How are firms and institutions, and their spatial behaviors, being affected by processes of economic and societal change? What decisions do they make about their natural and built environment, and how are these decisions acted out? Updating and expanding concepts of decision making and choice behavior on different geographic scales, this major revision of the authors' acclaimed Analytical Behavioral Geography presents theoretical foundations, extensive case studies, and empirical evidence of human behavior in a comprehensive range of physical, social, and economic settings. Generously illustrated with maps, diagrams, and tables, the volume also covers issues of gender, discusses traditionally excluded groups such as the physically and mentally challenged, and addresses the pressing needs of our growing elderly population.
Book Synopsis The Geography of Economic Development by : Jeffrey Sachs
Download or read book The Geography of Economic Development written by Jeffrey Sachs and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An introduction to behavioural geography by : John Robert Gold
Download or read book An introduction to behavioural geography written by John Robert Gold and published by Oxford Univ Pr. This book was released on 1980 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes index.
Book Synopsis Trade Integration, Economic Geography and Productivity by : Megha Mukim
Download or read book Trade Integration, Economic Geography and Productivity written by Megha Mukim and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is much empirical evidence to show that good firms become exporters, the literature is less lucid regarding the benefits of exporting. This paper disentangles the direction of the causality to show that exporting improves firm performance. It uses Indian plant-level data (over 1995-2008) for 330 firms across six product categories, which experienced sharp increases in exports to Sri Lanka, which then became an important destination market for these products. I generate measures of total factor productivity by estimating production functions using plant-level physical output data. To deal with the problem of self-selection bias, I use instrumental variables that predict export status but are uncorrelated with unobserved productivity. As a robustness check, I model the exporting decision explicitly and jointly estimate it with the production function. I follow Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) and use intermediate inputs to deal with the simultaneity problem. I also conduct panel-data regressions at the industry (4-digit NIC) level to estimate the relationship between productivity and measures of international exposure, such as export shares. I also study how firm performance differs with regards to firm location, and model the effects of economic geography variables such as market access and agglomeration. This paper contributes to the empirical literature by measuring the effects of learning-by-exporting, and makes the case that these effects are more significant for firms that enjoy the advantages of geography.
Book Synopsis An Empirical Model of Sunk Costs and the Decision to Export by : Mark J. Roberts
Download or read book An Empirical Model of Sunk Costs and the Decision to Export written by Mark J. Roberts and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1995 Exports respond unpredictably to a change in real exchange rates, suggests evidence from the 1980s. Recent theoretical work explains this as a consequence of the sunk costs associated with breaking into foreign markets. Sunk costs include the cost of packaging, upgrading product quality, establishing marketing channels, and accumulating information on demand sources. The authors use micro panel data to estimate a dynamic discrete-choice model of participation in export markets, a model derived from the Krugman-Baldwin sunk-cost hysteresis framework. Applying the model to data on manufacturing plants in Colombia (1981-89), they test for the presence of sunk entry costs and quantify the importance of those costs in explaining export patterns. The econometric results reject the hypothesis that sunk costs are zero. The results, which control for both observed and unobserved sources of plant heterogeneity, indicate that prior export market experience has a substantial effect on the probability of exporting, but its effect depreciates fairly quickly. The reentry costs of plants that have been out of the export market for a year are substantially lower than the costs of a first-time exporter. After a year out of the export market, however, the reentry costs are not significantly different from the entry costs. Plant characteristics are also associated with export behavior: large old plants owned by corporations are more likely to export than other plants. Variations in plant-level cost and demand conditions have much less effect on the profitability of exporting than variations in macroeconomic conditions and sunk costs do. It appears especially difficult to break into foreign markets during periods of world recession.
Book Synopsis Economic Diplomacy and the Geography of International Trade by : Peter A. G. van Bergeijk
Download or read book Economic Diplomacy and the Geography of International Trade written by Peter A. G. van Bergeijk and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents an overview of the general aspects of trade uncertainty, a central element in the analysis of economic diplomacy, illustrating that some instruments, such as sanctions (both positive and negative), increase trade uncertainty, whilst others - multilateral trade policy, for instance - aim to reduce this uncertainty. Commercial policy and bilateral economic diplomacy are explored, and economic sanctions analysed. An extensive review of the literature and empirical investigations of 161 sanctions and the commercial relationships of 37 countries provide topical and empirical perspectives on how international diplomacy may both be a cost and a benefit of the key drivers of productivity growth. Finally, policy conclusions are drawn, and a future research agenda presented.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Korean Trade Flows and Their Geographical Destination by : Lorenzo Giorgianni
Download or read book Determinants of Korean Trade Flows and Their Geographical Destination written by Lorenzo Giorgianni and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the behavior of Korean trade flows during the last three decades and presents estimates of aggregate export and import equations. In particular, it considers different choices for scale and price variables and assesses the relative merits of these alternative specifications in terms of stability and forecasting performance. It also provides an assessment of the drastic change in the geographical destination of Korean exports during the 1990s.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to the Geography of International Business by : Gary Cook
Download or read book The Routledge Companion to the Geography of International Business written by Gary Cook and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fields of Economic Geography and International Business share an interest in the same phenomena, whilst each provides both a differing perspective and different research methods in attempting to understand those phenomena. The Routledge Companion to the Geography of International Business explores the nature and scope of inter-disciplinary work between Economic Geography and International Business in explaining the central issues in the international economy. Contributions written by leading specialists in each field (including some chapters written by inter-disciplinary teams) focus on the nature of multinational firms and their strategies, where they choose to locate their activities, how they create and manage international networks and the key relationships between multinationals and the places where they place their operations. Topics covered include the internationalisation of service industries, the influence of location on the competitiveness of firms and the economic dynamism of regions and where economic activity takes place and how knowledge, goods and services flow between locations. The book examines the areas for fruitful inter-disciplinary work between International Business and Economic Geography and sets out a road map for future joint research, and is an essential resource for students and practitioners of International Business and Economic Development.
