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Author : Andrei Sobolevsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (512 download)
Download or read book Genetically Modified Crop Innovations and Product Differentiation written by Andrei Sobolevsky and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Irena Vasileva Tsvetkova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Consequences of Biotech Innovation in Crop Seed written by Irena Vasileva Tsvetkova and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation analyses the effect of technology on consumers and producers in the U.S. cottonseed industry. The industry has experienced a sharp innovation spur since the commercialization of genetically-modified seed in 1996. Product differentiation has increased many&ndashfold due to these new technologies giving rise to concerns about market power and to a much larger menu of choices for farmers. The biotechnology and seed-producer sectors have adapted to these changes by engaging in rapid consolidation (Fuglie et al., 2011). In the meantime, farmers have almost fully adopted genetically-modified seed in the 17 years since their introduction. The first chapter estimates a structural discrete-choice demand model and analyzes product substitution patterns. I deal with the problem of dimensionality with the aid of a great data set and by using a demand system that reduces the dimensionality problem yet does not restrict substitution patterns. I use several sources of exogenous variation to obtain consistent estimates. I find that genetically-modified seed are preferred to conventional seed and that preferences vary by individual. The second chapter looks at the economic effects from new product introductions. In the context of industry transformations of the past 17 years biotech companies have been accused of using innovation to reap surplus from farmers. I address this concern by looking at one of the more controversial genetic innovations in cottonseed. Using demand estimates from the first chapter and under assumptions about the nature of competition, I simulate prices that would clear the market without the innovation. This allows me to calculate changes in farmer surplus and in seed firm variable profits. I find that both farmers and seed firms benefited from this biotech innovation in cottonseed. The third chapter measures the effect of technology and market factors on product turnover rate. While the introduction of new production technologies has definitely increased the number of products offered, the isolated effect of industry consolidation on product availability is unclear. I test five hypotheses on product turnover and limit my analysis to products introduced and dropped out of the market within the observed period to estimate the effects of technology and concentration on survival. I find that genetically-modified seed survives longer than conventional seed and that products sold by bigger vertically-integrated seed firms have a longer product life. This could negatively affect the investment decisions of smaller local seed firms and decrease the availability of seed specifically adapted to meet local climate and soil conditions.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309437385
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author : Robert E. Evenson
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 184593167X
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)
Download or read book International Trade and Policies for Genetically Modified Products written by Robert E. Evenson and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a number of controversial issues that surround agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified products. International trade and policies are at the forefront of these controversies. This book addresses these issues and has been developed from a meeting of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Revello, Italy, in July 2004. It covers five themes: analytical studies; empirical trade studies; spillover dimensions; intellectual property rights; and applied general equilibrium trade models.
Author : David J. Bennett
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107026709
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies written by David J. Bennett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative review of the implementation of new crop breeding technologies and their role in feeding an increasing global population.
Author : Jayson L. Lusk
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0199681325
Total Pages : 923 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Food Consumption and Policy written by Jayson L. Lusk and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First reference on food consumption and policy.
Author : Andrei A. Sobolevsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (529 download)
Download or read book Product Differentiation Arising from Genetically Modified Organisms written by Andrei A. Sobolevsky and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first biotechnology innovations in agriculture, such as herbicide resistant crops, took the form of cost reducing process innovations and were modeled as such. In recent years it became clear that these innovations are also product innovations in that they introduce altered, genetically modified final products to the market, and consumer preferences against the presence of GMOs in food drive the differentiation between products obtained using the conventional and biotechnology. I develop a new partial equilibrium four-region world trade model for the soybean complex comprising soybeans, soybean oil and soybean meal, in which some consumers view genetically modified Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and products as weakly inferior to conventional ones, the RR seed is patented and sold worldwide by a U.S. firm, and producers employ a costly segregation technology to separate conventional and biotech products in the supply chain. The calibrated model is solved for equilibrium prices, quantities, production patterns, trade flows and welfare changes under different assumptions regarding regional governments' production and trade policies, differentiated consumer tastes, and several other demand and supply parameters. Incomplete adoption of RR technology naturally arises in the free trade equilibrium, with the United States producing both soybean varieties. The United States, Argentina, Brazil and the Rest of the World all gain from the introduction of biotechnology. Price support programs for U.S. farmers, despite hurting the United States, have the potential to further improve world's efficiency. Compared to the free trade with no domestic bans, a ban on RR production in the Rest of the World improves that region's welfare at some levels of segregation costs but hurts the United States. Introduction of the same ban in Brazil benefits its farmers but makes the region worse off, and an import ban on RR products significantly reduces welfare of all agents. The distribution of welfare between consumers and producers appears to be sensitive to several parameters of the model, but region-level outcomes are robust with respect to most of them and are sensitive only to parameters defining the share of GMO-conscious consumers and elasticity of demands for conventional product varieties.
Author : Nigel G. Halford
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 184816839X
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Genetically Modified Crops written by Nigel G. Halford and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant molecular biology came to the fore in the early 1980s and there has been tremendous growth in the subject since then. The study of plant genes and genomes and the development of techniques for the incorporation of novel or modified genes into plants eventually led to the commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the mid-1990s. This was seen as the start of a biotechnological revolution in plant breeding. However, plant biotechnology has become one of the hottest debates of the age and, in Europe at least, one of the greatest challenges that plant scientists have ever faced. This book covers the history and development of the science and techniques that underpin plant biotechnology. It describes the GM crops that are or have been grown commercially around the world, including failures as well as successes, and the new varieties that are being developed. The safety record of GM crops is reviewed together with the legislation that has been adopted to cover their use. The book also deals with the concerns of consumers, the GM crop debate and the prospects for the technology. In the second edition, sections on current GM crops and future developments in plant biotechnology have been greatly expanded, while those on techniques, legislation and the GM crop debate have also been updated. The book is a concise, comprehensive and readable study that is accessible to a general readership with a scientific background but also provides useful information for the specialist.
Author : Joachim Scholderer
Publisher : vdf Hochschulverlag AG
ISBN 13 : 3728134945
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Genetically Modified Crop Production written by Joachim Scholderer and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kym Anderson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Trade, Standards, and the Political Economy of Genetically Modified Food written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anderson, Damania, and Jackson develop a common-agency lobbying model to help understand why North America and the European Union have adopted such different policies toward genetically modified (GM) food. Their results show that when firms (in this case farmers) lobby policymakers to influence standards, and consumers and environmentalists care about the choice of standard, it is possible that increased competition from abroad can lead to strategic incentives to raise standards, not just lower them as shown in earlier models. The authors show that differences in comparative advantage in the adoption of GM crops may be sufficient to explain the trans-Atlantic difference in GM policies. On the one hand, farmers in a country with a comparative advantage in GM technology can gain a strategic cost advantage by lobbying for lax controls on GM production and use at home and abroad. On the other hand, when faced with greater competition, the optimal response of farmers in countries with a comparative disadvantage in GM adoption may be to lobby for more-stringent GM standards. So it is rational for producers in the European Union (whose relatively small farms would enjoy less gains from the new biotechnology than broad-acre American farms) to reject GM technology if that enables them and consumer and environmental lobbyists to argue for restraints on imports from GM-adopting countries. This theoretical proposition is supported by numerical results from a global general equilibrium model of GM adoption in America with and without an EU moratorium. This paper a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Groupis part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economic implications of standards and technology policies in a multilateral trading environment"--World Bank web site.
Author : Danny Watson
Publisher : Scientific e-Resources
ISBN 13 : 1839471905
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Genetically Modified Crops in Agriculture written by Danny Watson and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments, or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Recently rapid advances in the development and commercialization of transgenic crops across the world have been witnessed both in terms increased crop coverage and economic benefits. Genetically modified foods are foods derived from genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. The main aim of genetically modified crops is to produce a food that is able to survive even if any harmful chemicals or pesticides or herbicides are sprayed. Other benefit of genetically modified crops is to make food stay fresh for a long time. Some of genetically modified crops and food are corn, tomato, beets, potatoes, sprouts and alfalfa. It involves the insertion or deletion of genes. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation. This book covers those facets, from the source of the gene, compositions of a gene construct, method of gene delivery, and result of gene integration and expression, to effects of the transgene on plants and the ecology.
Author : Jennifer A. Thomson
Publisher : Juta and Company Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9781919713571
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Genes for Africa written by Jennifer A. Thomson and published by Juta and Company Ltd. This book was released on 2002 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jennifer Thomson separates fact from fiction and explains why and how GM crops can help us combat poverty, starvation and disease in the developing world, in a safe and responsible way. She explains the technology and looks at the differences and similarities between genetic modification, conventional plant breeding, and natural processes such as cross pollination and mutations. There are chapters devoted to controversial issues such as food safety (for GM crops and organically grown food), patents labelling, regulations and controls, and a section dealing with frequently-asked questions. It ends with a focus on Africa and possible future developments in GM technology. Technical terms are explained and appendices provide additional information on testing for allergens, horizontal gene transfer, and international food safety assessment documents. For those who wish to explore the subject further, it also provides a list of more than 60 web sites dealing with issues related to the GM debate.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309147085
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies.
Author : Harvey E. Lapan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Innovation and Trade with Endogenous Market Failure written by Harvey E. Lapan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A partial-equilibrium, two-country model is developed to analyze implications from the introduction of genetically modified (GM) products. In the model, innovators hold proprietary rights, farmers are (competitive) adopters, some consumers deem GM food to be inferior in quality to traditional food, and the mere introduction of GM crops affects the costs of non-GM food (because of costly identity preservation). Among the results derived, it is shown that, although GM innovations have the potential to improve efficiency, some groups can be made worse off. Indeed, it is even possible that the costs induced by GM innovations outweigh the efficiency gains.
Author : Megan Mitchell
Publisher : Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1502643901
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (26 download)
Download or read book Genetically Modified Crops written by Megan Mitchell and published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume explores the world of one of the most controversial scientific advances in modern history, the design and production of genetically engineered plants. Readers will examine the ways in which humans interact with and manipulate the natural environment, from the earliest origins of agriculture to the discovery of the universal genetic code to the possibilities of ending world hunger. Throughout the text, readers will find in-depth explanations of complex theories of heredity and of modern genetic engineering technology, while being invited to consider the ethical questions that underlie this great discovery.
Author : John Komen
Publisher : Center For Strategic & International Studies
ISBN 13 : 1442224762
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Trade and Tribulations written by John Komen and published by Center For Strategic & International Studies. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural biotechnology holds great promise in contributing to Africa’s socioeconomic development. This is confirmed by a growing body of literature analyzing the positive economic effects at the farm level, and also for a growing number of farmers in Africa. However, with the exception of Burkina Faso, Egypt, and South Africa, the African countries have been slow adopters of biotechnology crops for cultivation. Trade concerns are often cited in sub-Saharan Africa as a reason for taking a precautionary approach to genetically modified (GM) crop adoption, which may result in forgone benefits for farmers and society at large and have a negative impact on a country’s food security situation. This study aims to evaluate the barriers that the adoption of GM crops by the East African countries poses for their trade with neighboring countries, with their other trade partners in Africa, and with their international trade partners. It is based on a literature review of recent studies analyzing the actual and potential trade implications of adopting GM crops, with a particular focus on the East African countries. This literature review is complemented by an analysis of recent agricultural trade statistics. In addition, the perspectives of key stakeholders and policymakers in East Africa have been included vis-à-vis the trade implications of adopting GM crops.
Author : Nigel G Halford
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1908977647
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Genetically Modified Crops (2nd Edition) written by Nigel G Halford and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant molecular biology came to the fore in the early 1980s and there has been tremendous growth in the subject since then. The study of plant genes and genomes and the development of techniques for the incorporation of novel or modified genes into plants eventually led to the commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the mid-1990s. This was seen as the start of a biotechnological revolution in plant breeding. However, plant biotechnology has become one of the hottest debates of the age and, in Europe at least, one of the greatest challenges that plant scientists have ever faced.This book covers the history and development of the science and techniques that underpin plant biotechnology. It describes the GM crops that are or have been grown commercially around the world, including failures as well as successes, and the new varieties that are being developed. The safety record of GM crops is reviewed together with the legislation that has been adopted to cover their use. The book also deals with the concerns of consumers, the GM crop debate and the prospects for the technology. In the second edition, sections on current GM crops and future developments in plant biotechnology have been greatly expanded, while those on techniques, legislation and the GM crop debate have also been updated.The book is a concise, comprehensive and readable study that is accessible to a general readership with a scientific background but also provides useful information for the specialist./a
