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Genetic Study Of Compositional And Physical Kernel Quality Traits In Diverse Maize Zea Mays L Germplasm
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Book Synopsis Genetic Study of Compositional and Physical Kernel Quality Traits in Diverse Maize (Zea Mays L.) Germplasm by : Si Hwan Ryu
Download or read book Genetic Study of Compositional and Physical Kernel Quality Traits in Diverse Maize (Zea Mays L.) Germplasm written by Si Hwan Ryu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Grain quality traits of maize such as protein, oil, starch, and kernel size and density are essential for various end-uses; feed for animals, food for humans, and raw materials for industry. Kernel pigments like anthocyanins and carotenoids have numerous nutritional functions in animals and human beings. Increasing the levels of these compositional traits and pigments in kernels should increase the nutritional quality of maize.
Book Synopsis Leveraging Genetic Diversity in Maize Breeding by : Alden Perkins
Download or read book Leveraging Genetic Diversity in Maize Breeding written by Alden Perkins and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in the United States are not closely related to cultivars found in many other parts of the world, and pedigree records suggest that there has been little use of germplasm from other countries in US maize breeding. Exotic germplasm could be a useful source of alleles for improving traits such as grain quality, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance in US populations. Exotic cultivars may also contain alleles that confer adaptation to different climate conditions and management practices, however, which could be detrimental in US growing environments. This dissertation contains a review article about the importance of genetic diversity in breeding and three research projects that involve the incorporation of exotic diversity into US maize germplasm. In the first research project, we investigated the effects of introgressions from open-pollinated populations that originated in Latin America on the performance of maize hybrids in US environments. We compared the phenotypic stability of exotic-derived hybrids and US-adapted hybrids, and we found that the two groups had significantly different stability values for grain yield and flowering time. In the second project, we estimated the effects of exotic introgressions contained in maize populations created by a public-private partnership on grain protein content, kernel vitreousness, and other agronomic traits. One introgression was estimated to increase grain protein content by 0.78%, although it was also associated with detrimental changes in the time of flowering and plant height. Finally, we compared models that could be used to predict the phenotypes of untested hybrids in diverse populations, which could make the process of incorporating new diversity into US germplasm more efficient. We found that models using near-infrared absorbance data collected on inbred seeds as predictors were inferior to models based on genotypic data in most cases, although the difference between the methods was small for traits such as grain moisture and test weight. An alternative to the standard genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) method that included additional regularization, called the sparse selection index method, was superior to GBLUP models when large training populations were available. Collectively, the results from these projects provide new insights into how exotic germplasm can be used in US maize breeding most effectively.
Book Synopsis Quality Improvement in Field Crops by : Lakhwinder S Randhawa
Download or read book Quality Improvement in Field Crops written by Lakhwinder S Randhawa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-05-17 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to identify, modify, and manipulate the genes controlling key quality traits in field crops! This informative book provides state-of-the-art information on improving nutritional quality as well as yield volume in field crops such as wheat, maize, rice, barley, oats, lentils, pigeon peas, soybeans, cool season legumes, and crops whose seeds are used to make oils. With contributions from leading authorities in the field, this book will bring you up to date on the uses of agronomic management, conventional plant breeding, and modern biotechnologies in improving the quality of important food, feed, and fiber products. Quality Improvement in Field Crops examines: factors that impact the end-use quality of wheat and ways to improve wheat’s quality for milling and baking agronomic practices that impact the quality of maize ways to improve the nutritional value of rice and legumes techniques for using molecular markers to improve the quality of lentil crops breeding methods that can improve the quality of the oils derived from oilseed crops protein quality/sulfur metabolism in soybeans and much more! This book is dedicated to the World Food Laureate (the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for food scientists), Dr. G. S. Khush--the father of the Green Revolution in rice farming--in recognition of his tremendous contributions to global food and nutritional security for the world?s population.
Book Synopsis Ethnofood chemistry: Bioactive components in unexploited foods from centres of biodiversity by : Michael Rychlik
Download or read book Ethnofood chemistry: Bioactive components in unexploited foods from centres of biodiversity written by Michael Rychlik and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-24 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences by :
Download or read book The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Teosinte Genetic Diversity for Agronomic and Domestication Traits in Maize by : Avinash Karn
Download or read book Evaluation of Teosinte Genetic Diversity for Agronomic and Domestication Traits in Maize written by Avinash Karn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is one of the most important crops in the world. Teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) is the wild progenitor of maize and has greater genetic diversity than maize inbreds and landraces. Maize was domesticated from teosinte 9000 years ago, in central Mexico, and has been subjected to modern plant breeding over the past 100 years. In the recent years, extensive scientific breeding practices have led to remarkable yield increases in maize. However, domesticated and artificial genes have greatly reduced genetic diversity and cannot contribute to variation for agronomically important traits. Teosinte readily forms hybrids with maize and thus offers a unique pool of allelic diversity for maize improvement, yet limited genetic resources were available to efficiently evaluate and tap this diversity. To broaden resources for genetic diversity studies in maize, our lab previously developed over 900 near-isogenic introgression lines (NILs) from 10 teosinte accessions in the B73 background, and here we report the development of a new population, the Teosinte Synthetic (Teo-Syn). In order to understand the relationship between genetic diversity from teosinte and grain composition, we evaluated kernel starch, protein, and oil content, in the teosinte NILs. We found two starch, three protein and six oil QTL, which collectively explain 18%, 23% and 45% of the total variation, respectively. A range of strong allelic effects were identified relative to the B73 allele, supporting our hypothesis that teosinte harbors stronger alleles for kernel composition traits than maize. We found that some of the regions of the genome that control grain composition in our population were previously identified in maize, but we also found several new regions of the genome from teosinte that control grain composition. These teosinte alleles can be exploited for the improvement of kernel composition traits in modern maize germplasm. Ultimately, these novel regions of the teosinte genome can be mined for useful variation to improve corn for producers and consumers, as well as many industrial applications. In maize, common variants play a critical role to adapt to numerous large-scale environments; however, there are numerous rare alleles that may contribute to inbreeding depression or heterosis through complementation, or in complex quantitative traits such as yield, adaptation and kernel composition. It is important to understand the role of rare alleles in the maize genetic architecture in order to aid in the selection and development of future elite breeding lines. A new genetic resource, the Teosinte Synthetic (Teo-Syn), was developed by our lab by randomly mating backcrossed (BC1) progeny of 11 parviglumis accessions in the B73 background, yielding a population with the expected genetic ratio of ~25% teosinte and ~75% B73. We identified several significant QTLs for plant architecture, adaptation and kernel composition traits with a wide range of allelic effects. We further investigated if there is any statistical evidence for epistatic interactions in the Teo-Syn population, and found numerous interacting sites with larger and wider effects than additive effects. Maize plays a central role in the US agriculture and food production, as well as has the greatest molecular and phenotypic diversity than any crop species. My results from this study provide accumulated evidence for epistatic interactions influencing the genetic architecture of several plant architecture and composition traits. Findings from this study provide novel information that can be utilized by breeders and geneticist to accelerate the development of future elite maize germplasm as well as provide insight to efficiently predict hybrid performance.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Maize by : Jeff L. Bennetzen
Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Maize by : Ramakrishna Wusirika
Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Maize written by Ramakrishna Wusirika and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The use of maize in biofuels, phytoremediation and
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maize Germplasm by : Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Download or read book Maize Germplasm written by Mohamed A. El-Esawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is an important staple food crop worldwide. It is the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice and is economically used for both livestock feeds and human consumption. The latest maize research has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement. This book brings together recent work and advances that have recently been made in the dynamic fields of genetic characterization, molecular breeding, genetic engineering technologies, and mapping of agronomic traits of global maize germplasm. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light regarding the current research trends and future research directions in maize. This book will provoke interest in many readers, researchers, and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works toward maize improvement.
Download or read book Maydica written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Journal devoted to maize and allied species.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding by : Arnel R. Hallauer
Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement by : Alan L. Kriz
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement written by Alan L. Kriz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, there has been tremendous progress in maize biotechnology. This volume provides an overview of our current knowledge of maize molecular genetics, how it is being used to improve the crop, and future possibilities for crop enhancement. Several chapters deal with genetically engineered traits that are currently, or soon will be, in commercial production. Technical approaches for introducing novel genes into the maize genome, the regeneration of plants from transformed cells, and the creation of transgenic lines for field production are covered. Further, the authors describe how molecular genetic techniques are being used to identify genes and characterize their function, and how these procedures are utilized to develop elite maize germplasm. Moreover, molecular biology and physiological studies of corn as a basis for the improvement of its nutritional and food-making properties are included. Finally, the growing use of corn as biomass for energy production is discussed.
Book Synopsis The Maize Genome by : Jeffrey Bennetzen
Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Book Synopsis Phenotypic Analysis and Genetic Dissection of Yield Component Traits in Maize (Zea Mays L.) by : Nicholas James Haase
Download or read book Phenotypic Analysis and Genetic Dissection of Yield Component Traits in Maize (Zea Mays L.) written by Nicholas James Haase and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize yield suffers from low heritability, and thus the elucidation of its genetic contributions is difficult to obtain. Maize yield components are correlated to maize yield while having increased heritabilities, making the detection of quantitative trait loci more feasible. The goal of this thesis is to characterize the genetic architecture of yield component traits in maize. First, an image-analysis pipeline was used to extract quantitative shape information on maize ears, cobs, and kernels. Correlations between a hand measured validation set of 275 random plots and image-analysis estimates ranged from 0.708 (kernel width) to 0.995 (ear length). Principal component (PC) analysis was used to develop ear shape descriptors from 1,000 width measurements along the length of an ear. These descriptors explained roughly 90.92 and 85.15 percent of the width variation for ears and cobs, respectively. Additionally, 1,233 individuals from nine biparental families of maize were introduced and genetically characterized. These populations were analyzed using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications per environment and genotyped using ~956,000 genotype-by-sequencing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. In total, 101 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for kernel traits, 158 for ear traits, and 34 for kernel row number in these families using a linkage mapping approach. These QTL could be condensed into 37 QTL clusters, which moderately (approximately 50 percent) overlapped with known ear and kernel developmental mutants. Additionally, a genomewide association (GWA) analysis was performed using imputed SNP data across these families, identifying 32 genomic regions associated with the fourteen traits previously described. Lastly, 390 diverse maize inbreds were also evaluated in a RCBD with two replications grown in two years. GWA analysis was performed using the approximately 437,000 RNA-seq based markers available for this population which identified four significant associations for kernel depth, kernel area, kernel thickness, and ear PC1. In some cases, candidate genes showed corroborated results compared with associations identified using inbreds derived from two divergently selected subpopulations of maize for seed size. In summary, this work has elucidated genomic regions associated with economically relevant traits and candidate genes contributing to yield in maize.
Book Synopsis Genetic Studies in Zea Mays L by : Fawad Ali
Download or read book Genetic Studies in Zea Mays L written by Fawad Ali and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize has always been an important in cereals as it has been used as food, fodder and feed human consumption, animals and poultry respectively. Improvement in quality components of maize crop is the most important task to fulfill the nutritional requirements. Maize flour and its products are the main source of nutrition for its consumers. Genetic studies provide us a base and approach to improve the quality components, various physiological and morphological traits associated with yield and yield related traits.The cultivated maize scientifically is Zea mays L. that belongs to family kingdom Plantae, subkingdom Tracheobionta, superdivision Spermatophyta, division Magnoliophyta, classLiliopsida, subclass Commelinidae, OrderCyperales, Family Poaceae (grass family), genus Zea (corn), species Zea mays (corn). Itis a diploid specie (2n = 2x = 20) The genusZea includes 6 annual and3 perennial species. Maize has many uses. Its grain is a rich source of starch, vitamins, proteins and minerals. One hundred gram of fresh grain contains 361 calories of energy, 9.4 g protein; 4.3g fat, 74.4g carbohydrate, 1.8g fibre; 1.3g ash, 10.6 per cent water, 140mg vitamins, 9mg calcium.
Book Synopsis Genetic Diversity and Correlation Study for Yield and Quality Traits in Normal and Quality Protein Maize ( Zea Mays L.) Genotypes by : Kailash Singh Tomar
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Correlation Study for Yield and Quality Traits in Normal and Quality Protein Maize ( Zea Mays L.) Genotypes written by Kailash Singh Tomar and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
