Genetic Polymorphism In Three Glutathione S Transferase Genes And Breast Cancer Risk

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Genetic Polymorphism in Three Glutathione S-transferase Genes and Breast Cancer Risk

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Polymorphism in Three Glutathione S-transferase Genes and Breast Cancer Risk by :

Download or read book Genetic Polymorphism in Three Glutathione S-transferase Genes and Breast Cancer Risk written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme family is to detoxify environmental toxins and carcinogens and to protect organisms from their adverse effects, including cancer. The genes GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 code for three GSTs involved in the detoxification of carcinogens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene. In humans, GSTM1 is deleted in about 50% of the population, GSTT1 is absent in about 20%, whereas the GSTP1 gene has a single base polymorphism resulting in an enzyme with reduced activity. Epidemiological studies indicate that GST polymorphisms increase the level of carcinogen-induced DNA damage and several studies have found a correlation of polymorphisms in one of the GST genes and an increased risk for certain cancers. We examined the role of polymorphisms in genes coding for these three GST enzymes in breast cancer. A breast tissue collection consisting of specimens of breast cancer patients and non-cancer controls was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence or absence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and for GSTP1 single base polymorphism by PCR/RFLP. We found that GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions occurred more frequently in cases than in controls, and GSTP1 polymorphism was more frequent in controls. The effective detoxifier (putative low-risk) genotype (defined as presence of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes and GSTP1 wild type) was less frequent in cases than controls (16% vs. 23%, respectively). The poor detoxifier (putative high-risk) genotype was more frequent in cases than controls. However, the sample size of this study was too small to provide conclusive results.

Oxidative Stress, Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk

Author : Sylvia K. Quick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxidative Stress, Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk by : Sylvia K. Quick

Download or read book Oxidative Stress, Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk written by Sylvia K. Quick and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Three central enzymes in oxidative stress pathways are manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1). For each enzyme, a single functional genetic polymorphism was selected and the genotypes determined for women in the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer study, a population-based case-control study. Cases (n=1170) were women with primary, incident, pathologically confirmed postmenopausal breast cancer. Randomly selected controls (n=2115) were frequency matched to cases on age and race. Extensive information was collected on potential confounders and effect modifiers, such as diet, alcohol use and hormone use. Genotypes were assayed by MALDI-TOF. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for potential confounders. A single genotype alone was not associated with breast cancer risk for any of the three genes. GPX1 TT genotype was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among those who also had the SOD2 CC genotype (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.07-4.34). We stratified on several lifestyle factors; SOD2 genotype was associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women with low BMI. The association of CAT genotype with risk among postmenopausal women differed by level of alcohol consumption, with increased risk associated with CT/TT genotype among women reporting higher alcohol consumption. The associations of both CAT and GPX1 with postmenopausal breast cancer risk depended upon use of hormone replacement therapy. The relationship between CAT genotype, hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk was investigated in detail. Ever use of hormone replacement therapy was associated with an increase in risk (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11-1.75). The increased risk associated with ever use was more pronounced among those with the variant CT or TT CAT genotypes (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.29-2.75) than among those with the common CC genotype (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.86-1.54). Similarly, risk associated with five or more years of HRT use was greater among those with at least one variant T allele (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.50-3.59). Increased risk was restricted to estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Our findings suggest that, while none of the three genotypes significantly impact breast cancer risk when considered in isolation, simultaneous consideration of genotype of oxidative stress genes and environmental exposure revealed that genotype may be a significant breast cancer risk factor for certain subgroups of women. This observation provides insight into the etiology of breast cancer, suggesting that oxidative stress plays a role in breast carcinogenesis.

Genetic Polymorphism and cancer susceptibility

Author : Aga Syed Sameer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813366990
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Polymorphism and cancer susceptibility by : Aga Syed Sameer

Download or read book Genetic Polymorphism and cancer susceptibility written by Aga Syed Sameer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the role of genetic polymorphism in susceptibility to cancers. The book explores the understanding of differences between the genetic polymorphisms and mutations.It reviews the mechanisms underlying the effect of polymorphism in genes encoding proteins that play an essential role in metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle, and DNA repair mechanisms. Further, it investigates various techniques that are used for analyzing the genetic polymorphisms. The book contains many chapters which summarize the importance of genetic information obtained from polymorphism-based pharmaco-genetic tests to predict better drug response and life-threatening adverse reactions to chemotherapeutic agents, help in understanding of the impact of SNPs on gene function, and gives overview of the different SNP databases for examination. This book, therefore, serves as an essential guidebook for independent researchers as well as institutions working in this specialised field.

Cancer and the Environment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309169240
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cancer and the Environment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Cancer and the Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine wanted to address the link between environmental factors and the development of cancer in light of recent advances in genomics. They asked what research tools are needed, how new scientific information can be applied in a timely manner to reduce the burden of cancer, and how this can be flexible enough to treat the individual.

Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer

Author : International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer by : International Agency for Research on Cancer

Download or read book Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the evidence for a causal link between sexually transmitted infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and the occurrence of cervical cancer, from a variety of different angles. Epidemiological studies and clinical, pathological, and cytological aspects of HPV infection are reviewed. Modern methods for analyzing HPV-DNA types by molecular biological techniques are described, and the statistical problems to be overcome in epidemiological work are explained. The volume was prepared by a broad team of experts from around the world, who met in Copenhagen in March 1988 to reach a consensus on the present state of understanding and to establish directions for future work.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Application of Biomarkers in Cancer Epidemiology

Author : P. Toniolo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Biomarkers in Cancer Epidemiology by : P. Toniolo

Download or read book Application of Biomarkers in Cancer Epidemiology written by P. Toniolo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication originates from an international workshop which addresses a range of methodological issues underlying the use of biological markers of exposure, biological effects and individual susceptibility in cancer epidemiology. It includes a report of the workshop, with a general discussion and recommendation on epidemiology. a series of peer-reviewed authored contributors provide a more personal view on the most important aspects by key researchers.

Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos

Author : Amelie G. Ramirez
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303029286X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos by : Amelie G. Ramirez

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos written by Amelie G. Ramirez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.

Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS

Author : Jochen Albrecht
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1849206511
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (492 download)

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Book Synopsis Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS by : Jochen Albrecht

Download or read book Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS written by Jochen Albrecht and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS is a concise overview of the fundamental ideas that inform geographic information science. It provides detailed descriptions of the concepts and techniques that anyone using GIS software must fully understand to analyse spatial data. Short and clearly focussed chapters provide explanations of: spatial relationships and spatial data the creation of digital data, the use and access of existing data, the combination of data the use of modelling techniques and the essential functions of map algebra spatial statistics and spatial analysis geocomputation - including discussion of neural networks, cellular automata, and agent-based modelling Illustrated throughout with explanatory figures, the text also includes a glossary, cross referenced to discussion in the text. Written very much from a user′s perspective, Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS is highly readable refresher course for intermediate level students and practitioners of GIS in the social and the natural sciences.

Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms

Author : Erick Cantú-Paz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146154369X
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms by : Erick Cantú-Paz

Download or read book Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms written by Erick Cantú-Paz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As genetic algorithms (GAs) become increasingly popular, they are applied to difficult problems that may require considerable computations. In such cases, parallel implementations of GAs become necessary to reach high-quality solutions in reasonable times. But, even though their mechanics are simple, parallel GAs are complex non-linear algorithms that are controlled by many parameters, which are not well understood. Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms is about the design of parallel GAs. It presents theoretical developments that improve our understanding of the effect of the algorithm's parameters on its search for quality and efficiency. These developments are used to formulate guidelines on how to choose the parameter values that minimize the execution time while consistently reaching solutions of high quality. Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms can be read in several ways, depending on the readers' interests and their previous knowledge about these algorithms. Newcomers to the field will find the background material in each chapter useful to become acquainted with previous work, and to understand the problems that must be faced to design efficient and reliable algorithms. Potential users of parallel GAs that may have doubts about their practicality or reliability may be more confident after reading this book and understanding the algorithms better. Those who are ready to try a parallel GA on their applications may choose to skim through the background material, and use the results directly without following the derivations in detail. These readers will find that using the results can help them to choose the type of parallel GA that best suits their needs, without having to invest the time to implement and test various options. Once that is settled, even the most experienced users dread the long and frustrating experience of configuring their algorithms by trial and error. The guidelines contained herein will shorten dramatically the time spent tweaking the algorithm, although some experimentation may still be needed for fine-tuning. Efficient and Accurate Parallel Genetic Algorithms is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate level course, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Weight Control and Physical Activity

Author : Harri Vainio
Publisher : IARC
ISBN 13 : 9789283230069
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Weight Control and Physical Activity by : Harri Vainio

Download or read book Weight Control and Physical Activity written by Harri Vainio and published by IARC. This book was released on 2002 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avoiding overweight and obesity is the best-established diet-related risk factor for cancer. The proportion of people who are overweight/obese is increasing, and the amount of physical activity is decreasing in most populations, including urban populations in many developing countries. The increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity is presumably due to the increasing availability of highly palatable, high-energy foods, and an increasing sedentary lifestyle due to mechanisation of both workplace and leisure activities. Overweight/obesity and reduced physical activity increases the risk of cancers in various organs. Maintaining a healthy body weight and regular physical activity is the second most important way to prevent cancer, after tobacco control. The suggestions of possible public health actions to tackle these risk factors include the promotion of balanced diets, which are not excessive in energy, and broad education and planning to enable and encourage physical activity during work and leisure. Recommendations and a full discussion of these topics are included in the sixth volume in this series of Handbooks.

Glutathione in Health and Disease

Author : Pinar Erkekoglu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789842751
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Glutathione in Health and Disease by : Pinar Erkekoglu

Download or read book Glutathione in Health and Disease written by Pinar Erkekoglu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most important thiol in living organisms. It is the key component of antioxidant system and serves as a free radical scavenger. There is a cycle of GSH in biological systems and this cycle provides higher intracellular levels of GSH. GSH depletion and apparent oxidative stress may cause toxicity and can affect the general well-being of the organism. GSH was shown to be preventive against aging, cancer, heart disease, infections and dementia. This book is mainly focused on GSH in health and disease. The readers will gain qualified scientific knowledge on the diverse functions of GSH, the importance of GSH status against oxidative stress and the interaction between GSH and nervous system-related infections from this book.

Clinical Gynecologic Oncology E-Book

Author : Philip J. DiSaia
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323443168
Total Pages : 893 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Gynecologic Oncology E-Book by : Philip J. DiSaia

Download or read book Clinical Gynecologic Oncology E-Book written by Philip J. DiSaia and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-02-04 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most readable, most comprehensive book in its field, Clinical Gynecologic Oncology, 9th Edition is the leading reference for diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers – a must-have reference for improving outcomes and providing effective care. A "who’s who" list of contributing authors, under the editorial direction of Drs. Philip DiSaia and William Creasman, provides expert guidance on clinical presentations and management, now fully up to date with a brand-new design for faster, easier reference. Contains useful appendices covering staging, screening, nutritional therapy, toxicity criteria, blood component therapy, and radiation therapy. Covers hot topics such as multi-panel genetic testing, target therapies, sentinel node concept in endometrial cancer and vulvar cancer, and robotic surgery. Updates include new quick-reference features such as key point boxes with bulleted lists, highlighted key text, enhanced chapter outlines, and a brand-new design throughout. Includes up-to-date references and algorithms, making this text a comprehensive resource for clinical practice, personal study, and exam review. Helps you take advantage of the latest advances in early detection and improved treatment options for gynecologic cancers, especially uterine and cervical cancers.

Genes and Cancer

Author : Karol Sikora
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780471925835
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (258 download)

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Book Synopsis Genes and Cancer by : Karol Sikora

Download or read book Genes and Cancer written by Karol Sikora and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1990-10-26 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work serves as an introduction to the applications of molecular biology in the field of oncology. It provides a basic understanding of the genetic events involved in fully developed human cancer, including research into inherited and acquired gene defects initiating new neoplasms and the subsequent genetic alterations involved in tumor progression. Some of the specific topics explored include gene control, molecular therapy and antibodies, drug resistance, growth factors and receptors, and tumor biology. While intended primarily as an advanced text for oncologists, postgraduate molecular geneticists and molecular biologists, the book will certainly be of interest to other researchers who frequently encounter cancer in their practice.

Predictive, Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer

Author : Zhi-Ming Shao
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 283250101X
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Predictive, Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer by : Zhi-Ming Shao

Download or read book Predictive, Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Breast Cancer written by Zhi-Ming Shao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hormones and Cancer

Author : Wayne V. Vedeckis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461242665
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Hormones and Cancer by : Wayne V. Vedeckis

Download or read book Hormones and Cancer written by Wayne V. Vedeckis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series, Hormones in Health and Disease, was launched in 1993 to provide a scientific platform for investigators engaged in research on the biological actions of hormones and to anticipate relevance for their findings in clinical applications. The first volume of the series was dedicated to the discussion and understanding of molecular mechanisms by which steroid hormones influence target cells in normal and pathological conditions. With the diversity of information and the vast amount of literature on steroid hormone physiology, a more thorough treatment of Hormones and Cancer was identified as a timely topic. In this second volume in the series, Dr. Wayne V. Vedeckis has success fully undertaken the monumental task of editing the findings of the leading investigators in hormone and cancer research. Dr. Vedeckis brings to this project two decades of research experience in hormone action; he is actively engaged in elucidating hormone and cancer interrelations. It is a pleasure to welcome him to the series as an editor and congratulate him and all contribu tors in presenting this comprehensive treatise. The 20 chapters include discussions on contemporary topics relating control of cell division and signal transduction to the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis by cloning patient genes, and recognizing the importance of steroid receptors in treatment protocols of various endocrine abnormalities.

Metabolic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Cancer

Author : Paolo Vineis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Cancer by : Paolo Vineis

Download or read book Metabolic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Cancer written by Paolo Vineis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of interactions between genes and environmental exposures ha s expanded considerably in recent years. Highly penetrant genes that a re involved in familial cancer have been identified, but are likely to account for a relatively small proportion of total cancers. Other pre disposing genes have low penetrance, resulting in a moderate increase in the risk of specific cancers, but are widespread in the general pop ulation. This is the case for so-called metabolic polymorphisms. Scien tific interest in metabolic polymorphisms is based on the possibility of identifying subgroups of the population which are at elevated risk of developing environmentally-induced cancer. However, such studies ra ise a series of problems that are methodological - related to the stud y design and analysis - and ethical - related to the practical use tha t can be made of genetic information. This volume deals thoroughly wit h such problems.