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Genetic Mechanisms For Antigenic Variation In A Relapsing Fever Borrelia Species
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Book Synopsis Genetic Mechanisms for Antigenic Variation in a Relapsing Fever Borrelia Species by : Qiyuan Dai
Download or read book Genetic Mechanisms for Antigenic Variation in a Relapsing Fever Borrelia Species written by Qiyuan Dai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major findings of these studies have revealed that antigenic variation by B. hermsii occurs through recombination between repetitive elements flanking the vsp or vlp genes. By analyzing and annotating large fragments of plasmids of strain HS1, I identified fifty-nine unique vsp and vlp genes, which represents ∼85% of the linear plasmids bearing archival vsp and vlp genes. In addition, the UHS and DHS elements, which overlap 5' ends of vsp and vlp genes and locate downstream from vsp and vlp genes at variable distance respectively, were fully characterized. An experimental relapsing fever study was performed in 60 mice and the crossover points for vsp or vlp recombination during antigenic variation were mapped (chapter 2). For most recombinations, the upstream crossover occurred in the UHS's second half, and the downstream crossover was in the DHS's second half. Next, I investigated how strain HS1 of B. hermsii determines switch rates in two experimental infections: one where serotypes were identified by specific antisera and one based on identification by DNA sequence. Statistical analyses indicated that archival vsp or vlp genes copy into a single expression site at rates determined by extragenic features of archival loci rather than similarity between coding sequences of vsp or vlp genes at archival sites and single expression site (Chapter 3). Greater sequence identity between the UHS of the expressed gene and the archival locus is associated with a higher switch rate. The nearer a DHS to an archival locus, the greater the switch rate of that locus into the expression site is. Finally, genetic components and organization of another strain (CC1) of B. hermsii, were examined by DNA sequencing, restriction enzyme digestion, and Southern blot analyses (chapter 4). The similarity and diversity of vlp and vsp genes, DHS elements, and genetic organizations between strain HS1 and CC1 indicated similar mechanisms for antigenic variation in both strains and recombination events during strain divergence.
Book Synopsis Elucidating Mechanisms for Persistent Infection by the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia Hermsii by : Allison Eavey James
Download or read book Elucidating Mechanisms for Persistent Infection by the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia Hermsii written by Allison Eavey James and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because Dams in other pathogens have a demonstrated role in pathogenesis and persistence, a putative dam of B. hermsii was investigated for its requirement in infectivity and persistence. The results of this study are reported in chapter two. First, the putative B. hermsii dam locus was verified as a Dam. The locus in B. hermsii was then disrupted through allelic exchange, generating a dam- B. hermsii strain. After verifying the absence of Dam function, it was determined that the mutant was infectious and persistent in immunocompetent mice. Overall, findings from this study verified that dam is not a determinant for B. hermsii persistence.
Book Synopsis Mobile DNA III by : Michael Chandler
Download or read book Mobile DNA III written by Michael Chandler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the raw power of genetic material to refashion itself to any purpose... Virtually all organisms contain multiple mobile DNAs that can move from place to place, and in some organisms, mobile DNA elements make up a significant portion of the genome. Mobile DNA III provides a comprehensive review of recent research, including findings suggesting the important role that mobile elements play in genome evolution and stability. Editor-in-Chief Nancy L. Craig assembled a team of multidisciplinary experts to develop this cutting-edge resource that covers the specific molecular mechanisms involved in recombination, including a detailed structural analysis of the enzymes responsible presents a detailed account of the many different recombination systems that can rearrange genomes examines the tremendous impact of mobile DNA in virtually all organisms Mobile DNA III is valuable as an in-depth supplemental reading for upper level life sciences students and as a reference for investigators exploring new biological systems. Biomedical researchers will find documentation of recent advances in understanding immune-antigen conflict between host and pathogen. It introduces biotechnicians to amazing tools for in vivo control of designer DNAs. It allows specialists to pick and choose advanced reviews of specific elements and to be drawn in by unexpected parallels and contrasts among the elements in diverse organisms. Mobile DNA III provides the most lucid reviews of these complex topics available anywhere.
Book Synopsis Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Spirochetes by : Justin D Radolf
Download or read book Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Spirochetes written by Justin D Radolf and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is the most prevalent vector-borne illness in the United States and Europe and a growing threat to global health. In addition Lyme disease is considered a model system of emerging infectious diseases. The book Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis published in 2010 was the first state-of-the-art reference work covering the myriad, interlaced facets of the enzootic disorders caused by pathogenic Borrelia. This current volume, by the same editors, builds on the previous work and contains a vast amount of new information, a wider scope, and increased coverage of genomics, genetics, evolutionary biology, vector biology, physiology, pathogenicity, immune response, and immune evasion. Written by renowned scientists who have made seminal contributions to the field, this book contains an expansive treatment of the options to track live spirochetes and evaluate gene expression in ticks and mice, provides insights into the workings of the flagellar motor, presents up-to-date research on the modulation of gene expression, and reviews recent studies on the Lyme disease spirochete's networks of regulatory pathways. The volume highlights and describes in detail the tremendous advances in understanding of the Borrelia genus at the molecular and cellular levels as well as the pathogenesis of Lyme disease and relapsing fever. This comprehensive volume is indispensable for anyone involved in Borrelia and Lyme disease research and is highly recommended for microbiologists, immunologists, and physicians with an interest in spirochetes, vector-borne illness, or emerging infectious diseases. The book is a recommended reference volume for all microbiology libraries.
Book Synopsis Antigenic Variation by : Alister G. Craig
Download or read book Antigenic Variation written by Alister G. Craig and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-08-20 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of antigenic variation is important in both biology and medicine. It is of enormous interest, as it describes the process(es) whereby microorganisms 'shift shape', by genetic rearrangement or otherwise. In medical terms, this has a major impact on the infectious disease process, since the immune system has great difficulty in keeping up with this variation, and thus eliminating the infectious agent. Antigenic variation is a major method by which microbes evade the immune response, and persist in the body.The broad scope of the book appeals to all those working in the field of infectious disease, immunology of infection, pathogenesis, molecular biology and also to evolutionary biologists. Topics covered include not only bacterial species, and viruses such as influenza, HIV, Rotavirus, but also eukaryotic parasites - one of the most fascinating groups of organisms exhibiting this behaviour.Comprehensive coverage of antigenic variation from viruses to parasitesDiscussions devoted to molecular mechanisms of host evasionDetailed descriptions of host/pathogen interactions
Book Synopsis Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease by : Steven A. Frank
Download or read book Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease written by Steven A. Frank and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-21 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Bacterial Pathogens and Their Virulence Factors by : Douglas I. Johnson
Download or read book Bacterial Pathogens and Their Virulence Factors written by Douglas I. Johnson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Pathogens and their Virulence Factors contains a detailed description of 32 major bacterial pathogens that affect human health and their associated virulence determinants. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the different types and classes of general virulence factors involved in host cell adherence and invasion, dissemination within the host, host cell damage, and evasion of host defense systems, as well as mechanisms by which these virulence factors are regulated. Chapters 2 through 33 give concise descriptions of the disease states associated with the 32 bacterial genera and their major pathogenic species, along with an in-depth description of the individual virulence factors that have been found to be functionally involved in pathogenicity. A detailed bibliography derived from primary literature and review articles accompanies each of these chapters, allowing the reader to delve more deeply into individual pathogens and their virulence determinants. Chapter 34 discusses the exciting possibilities and initial successes of using detailed information on a pathogen’s virulence toolkit to design new therapeutics aimed at specific virulence traits.
Book Synopsis Lyme Disease by : Steven E. Schutzer
Download or read book Lyme Disease written by Steven E. Schutzer and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty researchers summarize the recent advances, made possible by the application of molecular methods, in the fight against Lyme borreliosis, a systemic disease spread by ticks and second only to AIDS in funding for infectious disease research. They discuss pathogenesis, neurologic aspects, molecular biology, immunology, animal models, vaccine design, and diagnosis. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Spirochetes by : Felipe C. Cabello
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Spirochetes written by Felipe C. Cabello and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases produced by spirochetes, including Lyme borreliosis, syphilis and leptospirosis, are on the rise worldwide. This volume focuses on a series of state-of-the-art presentations of the research taking place in the laboratories of the contributors, and serves as an introduction to those individuals entering in the field of spirochete research.
Book Synopsis Molecular Basis of Antigenic Variation in the Relapsing Fever Spirochete, Borrelia Hermsii by : Blanca Ines Restrepo
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Antigenic Variation in the Relapsing Fever Spirochete, Borrelia Hermsii written by Blanca Ines Restrepo and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbe-vector Interactions in Vector-borne Diseases by : S. H. Gillespie
Download or read book Microbe-vector Interactions in Vector-borne Diseases written by S. H. Gillespie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-05-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several billion people are at daily risk of life-threatening vector-borne diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis and dengue. This volume describes the way in which the causal pathogens of such diseases interact with the vectors that transmit them, detailing the biological adaptations that enable pathogens to live with their vectors and, in some circumstances, to control them. This knowledge has led to novel preventative strategies in the form of antibiotics and new vaccines which are targeted not at the pathogen itself but at its specific vector.
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Stanley Falkow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-14 with total page 1105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised Third Edition of The Prokaryotes, acclaimed as a classic reference in the field, offers new and updated articles by experts from around the world on taxa of relevance to medicine, ecology and industry. Entries combine phylogenetic and systematic data with insights into genetics, physiology and application. Existing entries have been revised to incorporate rapid progress and technological innovation. The new edition improves on the lucid presentation, logical layout and abundance of illustrations that readers rely on, adding color illustration throughout. Expanded to seven volumes in its print form, the new edition adds a new, searchable online version.
Book Synopsis Rickettsial Diseases by : Didier Raoult
Download or read book Rickettsial Diseases written by Didier Raoult and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only available reference to comprehensively discuss the common and unusual types of rickettsiosis in over twenty years, this book will offer the reader a full review on the bacteriology, transmission, and pathophysiology of these conditions. Written from experts in the field from Europe, USA, Africa, and Asia, specialists analyze specific patho
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Western North America by : Tammi Lynne Johnson
Download or read book The Ecology of Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Western North America written by Tammi Lynne Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In North America the primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is the spirochete Borrelia hermsii that is vectored by the tick Ornithodoros hermsi. Ecological investigations were combined with mathematical modeling and genetics to gain a clearer understanding of the interactions and mechanisms responsible for disease maintenance, distribution, and genetic diversity. The objectives of this research were to: 1) identify mammals associated with B. hermsii and O. hermsi by determining active infection and antibody presence, 2) develop a deterministic model to ascertain ecological and epidemiological parameters essential for disease persistence, 3) resolve the phylogeographic structure of B. hermsii and O. hermsi to identify dispersal events, and 4) determine the environmental requirements of B. hermsii and O. hermsi. We identified 11 species of small mammals with antibodies to relapsing fever spirochetes, while pine squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) had active infections. Interactions for the enzootic maintenance of B. hermsii include vectors and host(s). These interactions were incorporated into a SIR compartmental model to calculate R0, the basic reproductive number of the disease system. The effect of antigenic variation of the spirochete was assessed by adding relapsing classes to the model, which resulted in an increase of R0. We confirmed the suitability of coniferous forests at higher elevations for the presence O. hermsi and identified constraints on this distribution. O. hermsi and B. hermsii were sensitive to temperature extremes throughout the year. Models for global climate change predicted a shift in range of suitable conditions to higher elevations in the year 2050. Little is known about dispersal of these ticks and spirochetes. Phylogeographic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 49 B. hermsii isolates from western North America suggested that B. hermsii was introduced to Wild Horse Island, Montana, on at least three occasions. Further, sequence data from the mt16S rDNA of O. hermsi suggested that these ticks can move between the mainland and islands on Flathead Lake. Taken together these data define the complex dynamics of the underlying ecological interactions of an otherwise poorly understood system, and provide evidence for the potential emergence of this pathogen in naive areas.
Book Synopsis Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology by : Luke S. P. Moore
Download or read book Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Virology written by Luke S. P. Moore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key resource for FRCPath and MRCP trainees, mapped to the current curriculum, using over 300 exam-style Q&A.
Book Synopsis Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases by : American Academy of Pediatrics
Download or read book Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases written by American Academy of Pediatrics and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on key content from Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 27th Edition, the new Red Bookr Atlas is a useful quick reference tool for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of more than 75 of the most commonly seen pediatric infectious diseases. Includes more than 500 full-color images adjacent to concise diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Essential information on each condition is presented in the precise sequence needed in the clinical setting: Clinical manifestations, Etiology, Epidemiology, Incubation period, Diagnostic tests, Treatment
Book Synopsis Conquering Lyme Disease by : Brian A. Fallon
Download or read book Conquering Lyme Disease written by Brian A. Fallon and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States, with more than 300,000 cases diagnosed each year. However, doctors are deeply divided on how to diagnose and treat it, giving rise to the controversy known as the “Lyme Wars.” Firmly entrenched camps have emerged, causing physicians, patient communities, and insurance providers to be pitted against one another in a struggle to define Lyme disease and its clinical challenges. Health care providers may not be aware of its diverse manifestations or the limitations of diagnostic tests. Meanwhile, patients have felt dismissed by their doctors and confused by the conflicting opinions and dubious self-help information found online. In this authoritative book, the Columbia University Medical Center physicians Brian A. Fallon and Jennifer Sotsky explain that, despite the vexing “Lyme Wars,” there is cause for both doctors and patients to be optimistic. The past decade’s advances in precision medicine and biotechnology are reshaping our understanding of Lyme disease and accelerating the discovery of new tools to diagnose and treat it, such that the great divide previously separating medical communities is now being bridged. Drawing on both extensive clinical experience and cutting-edge research, Fallon, Sotsky, and their colleagues present these paradigm-shifting breakthroughs in language accessible to both sides. They clearly explain the immunologic, infectious, and neurologic basis of chronic symptoms, the cognitive and psychological impact of the disease, as well as current and emerging diagnostic tests, treatments, and prevention strategies. Written for the educated patient and health care provider seeking to learn more, Conquering Lyme Disease gives an up-to-the-minute overview of the science that is transforming the way we address this complex illness. It argues forcefully that the expanding plague of Lyme and other tick-borne diseases can be confronted successfully and may soon even be reversed.
