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Genetic Diversity Among Parents And Performance Of Single And Three Way Crosses In Winter Wheat
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Book Synopsis Genetic Diversity Among Parents and Performance of Single and Three-way Crosses in Winter Wheat by : Xin-Tong Yang
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Among Parents and Performance of Single and Three-way Crosses in Winter Wheat written by Xin-Tong Yang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Methods of Parental Evaluation Using Testers to Predict Subsequent Progeny Performance in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : William Larry Alexander
Download or read book A Study of Methods of Parental Evaluation Using Testers to Predict Subsequent Progeny Performance in Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by William Larry Alexander and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this study was to determine why certain winter wheat cultivars, when hybridized, will produce a greater proportion of desirable plants in subsequent, segregating generations. Three winter wheat parents were chosen as the experimental material, based on their known performance as parents. Yamhill and Pullman Selection 101 are recognized as cultivars with good combining abilities for grain yield. Crosses with Nugaines have been disappointing, even though the cultivar itself is high yielding. Each parent was crossed to a series of five testers. These testers were chosen on the basis of their genetic diversity, especially for the components of yield. This parent x tester crossing scheme was analyzed as a 3 x 5 factorial, where the main effects due to parents and testers were their general combining ability effect estimates. The interactions of these main effects were their specific combining abilities. F1 hybrids were evaluated for two years and F2 populations for one year to characterize the parents' capacity to transmit selected attributes to their resulting progeny. These generations were evaluated on a per plant basis for their grain yields and the primary components of yield, tillers per plant, kernels per spike, and 1000 kernel weight. The four methods of evaluating parents assessed were parental performance, midparent-progeny correlations, examination of individual crosses, and combining ability analysis. Midparent-progeny correlations usually were not significant within the progeny of each parent. Significant differences were not found for grain yields among the parents in either year. However, significant differences existed for their expressions of yield components. Parental expressions of the yield components were generally more erratic than those of their F1 progenies. Significant differences occurred for estimates of general combining ability effects in both years and for each generation in all traits. These estimates for a particular parent were relatively consistent. Specific combining ability was not found to be a dependable means of identifying superior combinations. Associations between the parental general combining ability effect estimates for kernels per spike and 1000 kernel weight were positive. Relationships between other yield component combinations were negative with regard to general combining ability effects. Trends observed in single crosses reflected the relative general combining abilities of the parents. Crosses involving Yamhill generally had fewer tillers with a higher number of kernels per spike, heavier kernel weights, and superior grain yields to those of the other parents. Progeny of Pullman Selection 101 were usually high in tillering, intermediate for number of kernels per spike, low in kernel weights, and intermediate for grain yields. The progeny of Nugaines were characterized by high tillering, a low number of kernels per spike, low kernel weights, and also low grain yields. The parent x tester crossing scheme was found to be an effective way of determining the potentials of the three parents by estimating their general combining abilities, as well as minimizing the number of crosses required. If, as found in this study, the general combining ability effect estimates of the parents for grain yield accurately predict performance of later generations, this parent x tester crossing scheme would be an efficient method of assessing the potentials of prospective parents in breeding programs.
Book Synopsis Annual Meetings Abstracts by : American Society of Agronomy
Download or read book Annual Meetings Abstracts written by American Society of Agronomy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Global Genetic Resources by : National Research Council
Download or read book Managing Global Genetic Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.
Download or read book Annual Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nature of Inheritance, Genotype-environment Interaction and Association of Selected Agronomic Characters in Crosses of Winter X Spring Wheats (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell) by : P. Brajcich
Download or read book Nature of Inheritance, Genotype-environment Interaction and Association of Selected Agronomic Characters in Crosses of Winter X Spring Wheats (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell) written by P. Brajcich and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation was motivated by the apparent increase in genetic variability resulting from the systematic combining of gene pools represented by winter and spring types of wheats. It was the objective of this study to provide information regarding the nature of this genetic variability for nine agronomic characters in populations resulting from winter x spring crosses. Evaluations were made for: 1) the amount of total genetic variability; 2) the nature of the gene action making up this genetic variability using parent-progeny regression and combining ability analysis and 3) possible direct and indirect associations for traits which influence grain yield. Experimental populations which involved parents, Fl, F2 and backcross generations were grown at two locations where a spring and a winter environment could be utilized. At the winter site, the research was evaluated over a two year period. When the two experimental sites were compared, greater genetic diversity was observed at the spring site for maturity date, plant height, tillers per plant, kernel weight and grain yield. At the winter site, heading date, grain filling period, harvest index and kernels per spike were found to have more total genetic variation. From the expected mean square values, it would appear that the winter parents contributed more to the total genetic variation for most traits measured at both locations. A large genotype-location interaction was also noted suggesting that estimates of gene action and selection for adapted plant types can be done only at the specific winter or spring site. A large portion of the total genetic variation controlling the traits measured was due to additive gene action. However, at the winter site there was also a large influence of non-additive gene action associated with heading date, plant height, harvest index, tillers per plant, kernel weight, kernels per spike and grain yield. Of special interest was that at the winter site the most promising parental combinations could be predicted based on the general combining ability effects of the individual cultivars for each trait studied. Such data were not available for the spring site. Consistent and high correlations were observed between tillers per plant, kernels per spike and, to a lesser extent, kernel weight and grain yield at the winter location. Some negative associations were observed at the spring location between these traits and grain yield suggesting that yield component compensations were involved in the final expression of grain yield. The other characters measured did not reflect significant correlations with yield. When the correlation values were considered in terms of direct and indirect effects for specific traits, a large direct effect was noted for the three components and grain yield. The other traits exhibited small or no direct effects on grain yield but did have a slight influence on grain yield through tillers per plant, kernels per spike or kernel weight.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts of dissertations and monographs in microform.
Book Synopsis Sorghum Molecular Breeding by : R. Madhusudhana
Download or read book Sorghum Molecular Breeding written by R. Madhusudhana and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-20 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date overview of international research work on sorghum. Its comprehensive coverage of our current understanding of transgenic development in sorghum and the strategies that are being applied in molecular breeding make this book unique. Important areas such as genetic diversity, QTL mapping, heterosis prediction, genomic and bioinformatics resources, post-genome sequencing developments, molecular markers development using bioinformatics tools, genetic transformation and transgenic research are also addressed. The availability of the genome sequence along with other recent developments in sequencing and genotyping technologies has resulted in considerable advances in the area of sorghum genomics. These in turn have led to the generation of a large number of DNA-based markers and resulted in the identification and fine mapping of QTL associated with grain yield, its component traits, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as grain quality traits in sorghum. Though a large volume of information has accumulated over the years, especially following the sequencing of the sorghum genome, until now it was not available in a single reference resource. This book fills that gap by documenting advances in the genomics and transgenic research in sorghum and presenting critical reviews and future prospects. “Sorghum Molecular Breeding” is an essential guide for students, researchers and managers who are involved in the area of molecular breeding and transgenic research in sorghum and plant biologists in general.
Book Synopsis Annual Report for the Year Ending December 31 ... by : Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station
Download or read book Annual Report for the Year Ending December 31 ... written by Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance of Several Generations of Winter Wheat Composite Crosses Populations with a Modern Cultivar for Grain Yield and Disease Resistance Under Organic Farming by : B.G. Fufa
Download or read book Performance of Several Generations of Winter Wheat Composite Crosses Populations with a Modern Cultivar for Grain Yield and Disease Resistance Under Organic Farming written by B.G. Fufa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite cross populations (CCPs) are being tested for their value in organic systems as they are expected to buffer against chan ging environments due to their inherent genetic diversity resulting in improved yield stability over the years. The experiment was conducted in an organic field of Wageningen University and Research center in 2013/2014. Seven winter wheat composite crossed populations and one pure line as a check were evaluated for yield potential, resistance to disease and aphid infestation in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
Book Synopsis Estimates of Heterosis for Five Agronomic Traits in Selected Winter X Spring and Winter X Winter Wheat Crosses (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell) by : P. Brajcich
Download or read book Estimates of Heterosis for Five Agronomic Traits in Selected Winter X Spring and Winter X Winter Wheat Crosses (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell) written by P. Brajcich and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern regarding the lack of genetic variability and the apparent yield plateau reached in wheat breeding have prompted this investigation. The systematic crossing of spring and winter wheat types which have evolved to form somewhat different gene pools, may provide a source of additional usable genetic variability for future yield increases. Five winter and five spring wheat cultivars with different degrees of genetic similarities in their pedigrees were crossed to obtain F1's and F2's. The parents plus winter x spring F1's were planted in two growing seasons at Hyslop Agronomy Farm near Corvallis, Oregon. During the second season the winter x spring F2 and winter x winter F1 crosses were also included. Agronomic traits were measured on an individual plant basis. These traits were plant height, number of tillers per plant, 100 kernel weight, number of kernels per spike and grain yield. Analyses of variance were conducted for each trait. Estimates of the amount of usable genetic variation were determined by heterosis values, inbreeding depression and parent-progeny standard regressions. Possible interactions between years and the above five characters were determined for the winter x spring F1's. Evidence of non-additive gene action was found in the expression of heterosis and subsequent inbreeding depression which depended on the specific trait measured and the parents involved in the cross. The greatest heterosis values were noted for grain yield per plant. Crosses with the winter parent, Weique Red Mace, resulted in the highest estimates for grain yield. This was due to the late maturity of these hybrids and to the diverse genetic background of this winter parent compared to the five spring parents. Parent-progeny regressions indicated that a large amount of additive genetic variance was present for plant height, 100 kernel weight and grain yield an intermediate amount for kernels per spike and tillers per plant. Winter x spring F1 crosses resulted in higher heterosis estimates and a wider range of values between crosses than winter x winter F1 crosses. Parent-progeny regression estimates were similar in value for the two types of F1 populations. Thus, these results indicate that the systematic crossing between winter and spring wheats will produce greater total genetic variability for further wheat improvement. This is true for the development of hybrid wheat (non-additive) and may also be promising for conventional breeding programs when only the additive portion of the total genetic variance can be used. The data support the general conclusion that the amount of heterosis is a function of genetic diversity between the two parents. Those breeders working on hybrid wheat may wish to look at winter x spring crosses as a means of maximizing heterosis. However, since a significant interaction between years x F1's was noted for the traits measured, more than one year of evaluation will be necessary if winter x spring crosses are employed.
Book Synopsis Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops by : J. G. Coors
Download or read book Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops written by J. G. Coors and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the momentous contributions of hybrid crop varieties with worldwide experts. Topics include an overview, quantitative genetics, genetic diversity, biochemistry and molecular biology, methodologies, commercial strategies, and examples from numerous crops.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Four Quality Factors in a Selected Winter X Spring Wheat Cross (Triticum Aestivum Vill., Host) by : Karen Sue Schumaker
Download or read book Evaluation of Four Quality Factors in a Selected Winter X Spring Wheat Cross (Triticum Aestivum Vill., Host) written by Karen Sue Schumaker and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of the genetic variation associated with a cross involving winter and spring wheat parents for four quality factors was evaluated. Yamhill, a soft white winter wheat, and Inia 66, a hard red spring wheat, were selected as parents for this study. They represented distinctly different phenotypes for the attributes measured. Parents, F1, F2 and reciprocal backcrosses were examined for protein and lysine content, kernel hardness, and sedimentation value. Significant differences were observed between the two parents for protein content. The F1 mean was lower than the low protein parent with the F2 mean intermediate between the two parents. This latter factor plus a high narrow sense heritability estimate suggest that the genetic variation associated with protein content was largely due to genes which act in an additive manner. Backcrosses to either parent shifted the population toward the mean of the recurrent parent. Transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 for both low and high protein content suggesting that selection for this trait should be effective in early generations. Parents differed significantly for lysine content with the winter parent, Yamhill displaying lysine values approaching the highest previously reported for wheat. Intermediate F1 and F2 population means and a high narrow sense heritability estimate suggest the genes involved function in an additive manner. The backcross progeny to Yamhill had a mean value approaching that of the recurrent parent. No transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 for lysine content higher than Yamhill. It appears that lysine content in this cross is qualitatively inherited and that selection for improved lysine content above Yamhill appears limited. The genetic variation associated with kernel hardness appears to be largely additive with F1 and F2 means intermediate between the two parents and a high narrow sense heritability estimate. Transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 generation for both soft and hard kernel types. Selection for this trait should be effective in early generations. Significant differences were observed for the parental types for sedimentation value. The F1 and F2 means were below the midparent value. No transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 for either low or high sedimentation value. One backcross to the low sedimentation parent brought the population back to the low parent mean. One backcross to the high sedimentation parent shifted the population toward the recurrent parent but no individuals were recovered that approached the high parent. From this study it appears that selection for high sedimentation value types would be very difficult. Evidence provided in this study supports the concept that winter x spring crosses can provide useable genetic variation for desirable quality factors.
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Reciprocal Spring by Winter Wheat Crosses and the Contribution of Their Parents to Hybrid Performance by : George Warren Partelow
Download or read book The Relationship Between Reciprocal Spring by Winter Wheat Crosses and the Contribution of Their Parents to Hybrid Performance written by George Warren Partelow and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
