Gender Gaps From Labor Market Shocks

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Monetary Policy and Labor Market Gender Gaps

Author : Valentina Flamini
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Monetary Policy and Labor Market Gender Gaps by : Valentina Flamini

Download or read book Monetary Policy and Labor Market Gender Gaps written by Valentina Flamini and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-09-29 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the effects of monetary policy shocks on employment gender gaps in a panel of 22 countries using quarterly data from 1990 to 2019. Our results show that men’s employment falls more than women’s after contractionary monetary policy shocks, narrowing the employment gender gap over time. Two factors contribute to explaining this heterogeneous effect. First, a larger impact of monetary policy shocks on employment in the industry sector that employs more men. Second, the larger response of the employment gap in the sector (services) that employs the largest share of men and women. In terms of labor market adjustment, the narrowing of the gender employment gap is initially driven by a reduction in the gender unemployment gaps that, over time, results in an adjustment in the gender labor force participation gap—with men’s labor force participation dropping more than women’s. The effects are larger in countries with more flexible labor market regulations, higher gender wage gaps, and lower informal women’s employment compared to men’s. Finally, the effects are also larger for contractionary monetary policy shocks and during expansions.

Women and Trade

Author : World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815569
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Trade by : World Bank;World Trade Organization

Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Working Women in Canada

Author : Leslie Nichols
Publisher : Women's Press
ISBN 13 : 0889616000
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Working Women in Canada by : Leslie Nichols

Download or read book Working Women in Canada written by Leslie Nichols and published by Women's Press. This book was released on 2019-08-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edited collection, Leslie Nichols weaves together the contributions of accomplished and diverse scholars to offer an expansive and critical analysis of women’s work in Canada. Students will use an intersectional approach to explore issues of gender, class, race, immigrant status, disability, sexual orientation, Indigeneity, age, and ethnicity in relation to employment. Drawing from case studies and extensive research, the text’s eighteen chapters consider Canadian industries across a broad spectrum, including political, academic, sport, sex trade, retail, and entrepreneurial work. Working Women in Canada is a relevant and in-depth look into the past, present, and future of women’s responsibilities and professions in Canada. Undergraduate and graduate students in gender studies, labour studies, and sociology courses will benefit from this thorough and intersectional approach to the study of women’s labour.

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy

Author : Susan L. Averett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878266
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth

Author : Raquel Fernández
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513571168
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth by : Raquel Fernández

Download or read book Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth written by Raquel Fernández and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.

Human Capital in History

Author : Leah Platt Boustan
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022616389X
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Capital in History by : Leah Platt Boustan

Download or read book Human Capital in History written by Leah Platt Boustan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume honours the contributions Claudia Goldin has made to scholarship and teaching in economic history and labour economics. The chapters address some closely integrated issues: the role of human capital in the long-term development of the American economy, trends in fertility and marriage, and women's participation in economic change.

Labor Markets and Business Cycles

Author : Robert Shimer
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400835232
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Markets and Business Cycles by : Robert Shimer

Download or read book Labor Markets and Business Cycles written by Robert Shimer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.

Gender and Economics

Author : Jane Humphries
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Gender and Economics by : Jane Humphries

Download or read book Gender and Economics written by Jane Humphries and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents 27 articles dating from 1923 to 1994 on gender differences, female labour supply, male-female wage differences and on the historical significance of women's work.

Returns to capital in microenterprises : evidence from a field experiment

Author : Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Returns to capital in microenterprises : evidence from a field experiment by : Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel

Download or read book Returns to capital in microenterprises : evidence from a field experiment written by Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Small and informal firms account for a large share of employment in developing countries. The rapid expansion of microfinance services is based on the belief that these firms have productive investment opportunities and can enjoy high returns to capital if given the opportunity. However, measuring the return to capital is complicated by unobserved factors such as entrepreneurial ability and demand shocks, which are likely to be correlated with capital stock. The authors use a randomized experiment to overcome this problem and to measure the return to capital for the average microenterprise in their sample, regardless of whether they apply for credit. They accomplish this by providing cash and equipment grants to small firms in Sri Lanka, and measuring the increase in profits arising from this exogenous (positive) shock to capital stock. After controlling for possible spillover effects, the authors find the average real return to capital to be 5.7 percent a month, substantially higher than the market interest rate. They then examine the heterogeneity of treatment effects to explore whether missing credit markets or missing insurance markets are the most likely cause of the high returns. Returns are found to vary with entrepreneurial ability and with measures of other sources of cash within the household, but not to vary with risk aversion or uncertainty.

Women, Work, and the Economy

Author : Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484371240
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Women, Work, and the Economy by : Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek

Download or read book Women, Work, and the Economy written by Ms.Katrin Elborgh-Woytek and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed SDN discusses the specific macro-critical aspects of women’s participation in the labor market and the constraints that prevent women from developing their full economic potential. Building on earlier Fund analysis, work undertaken by other organizations and academic research, the SDN presents possible policies to overcome these obstacles in different types of countries.

Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market

Author : Jorge Saba Arbache
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821380702
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market by : Jorge Saba Arbache

Download or read book Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market written by Jorge Saba Arbache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women's earnings are a fraction of male's earnings in several African countries. It is tempting to conclude that this wage gap is a sign of discrimination against women in the labor market. Yet this book uses new datasets to show that the gap is not simply the result of discrimination in the labor markets, but rather the result of multiple factors, including access to education and credit, cultural values and household duties, and, above all, labor market conditions. It shows that gender disparities grow when economies are not functioning well and labor markets are tiny. More than the effect of discrimination, it seems that job rationing causes those with better human capital and those with more power in the household usually the men to take the few jobs that are available. It is hardly surprising, then, that in a region where only a fraction of the labor force finds jobs in the formal sector, gender disparities in earnings are so high. The book further documents that firm-level and sector characteristics are additional powerful factors in explaining the gender disparities in the labor market. As the causes are not simple, neither are the solutions; multifaceted strategies are needed. By providing environments that support economic growth and, more importantly, job creation, as well as by promoting equal access for women to education and rethinking the attitudes that limit what women may achieve, governments in the region will substantially improve the well-being of all their peoples. 'Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market' helps to fill the knowledge gap and identify the links between gender disparities and poverty reduction. The work was implemented in collaboration with a range of poverty and labor market studies to maximize its usefulness for policy dialogue in specific countries. This book will be of interest to policy makers, students, academics, gender experts, and all those interested in gender issues and development.

Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author : Deon Filmer
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 146480107X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Deon Filmer

Download or read book Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Deon Filmer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The series is sponsored by the Agence Francaise de Developpement and the World Bank."

Career and Family

Author : Claudia Goldin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691228663
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Career and Family by : Claudia Goldin

Download or read book Career and Family written by Claudia Goldin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author builds on decades of complex research to examine the gender pay gap and the unequal distribution of labor between couples in the home. The author argues that although public and private discourse has brought these concerns to light, the actions taken - such as a single company slapped on the wrist or a few progressive leaders going on paternity leave - are the economic equivalent of tossing a band-aid to someone with cancer. These solutions, the author writes, treat the symptoms and not the disease of gender inequality in the workplace and economy. Here, the author points to data that reveals how the pay gap widens further down the line in women's careers, about 10 to 15 years out, as opposed to those beginning careers after college. She examines five distinct groups of women over the course of the twentieth century: cohorts of women who differ in terms of career, job, marriage, and children, in approximated years of graduation - 1900s, 1920s, 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s - based on various demographic, labor force, and occupational outcomes. The book argues that our entire economy is trapped in an old way of doing business; work structures have not adapted as more women enter the workforce. Gender equality in pay and equity in home and childcare labor are flip sides of the same issue, and the author frames both in the context of a serious empirical exploration that has not yet been put in a long-run historical context. This book offers a deep look into census data, rich information about individual college graduates over their lifetimes, and various records and sources of material to offer a new model to restructure the home and school systems that contribute to the gender pay gap and the quest for both family and career. --

Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain

Author : Joyce Burnette
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139470582
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain by : Joyce Burnette

Download or read book Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain written by Joyce Burnette and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-17 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major study of the role of women in the labour market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimising the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximised both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity.

Women at Work

Author : International Labour Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789221307952
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Women at Work by : International Labour Office

Download or read book Women at Work written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the ILO's founding in 1919, gender equality and non-discrimination have been pillars of its mission to promote social justice through the world of work. As the Organization approaches its second century, it has chosen to focus on women at work as one of its centenary initiatives. Women at Work: Trends 2016 is a key contribution to these efforts and seeks to further the central goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. The report provides a picture of where women stand today in the world of work and how they have progressed over the past 20 years. It examines the global and regional labour market trend and gaps, including in labour force participation rates, employment-to-population rates and unemployment rates, as well as differences in the type and status in employment, hours spent in paid and unpaid work, sectoral segregation and gender gaps in wages and social protection. It also presents an in-depth analysis of the gender gaps in the quality of work and explores the key policy drivers for gender transformative change. The discussions and related recommendations focus on three main dimensions: sectoral and occupational segregation, the gender wage gap, and gaps in the policy framework for work and family integration.

Gender Inequality in the Global Labor Market

Author : Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040153666
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Inequality in the Global Labor Market by : Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez

Download or read book Gender Inequality in the Global Labor Market written by Reyna Elizabeth Rodríguez Pérez and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-24 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines gender inequality from the perspective of feminist economics, with empirical application, across different countries such as Turkey, the United States, Mexico, Uruguay, Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica and territories within Europe. It centers on topics such as labor participation, occupational segregation, feminization of poverty and migration, wage differentials, changes in and the quality of employment, equity index, and gender bias in fiscal policies. It encompasses both developed and developing countries and shows that the gender gap has been narrowing over time, although not completely, mainly due to the sparse implementation of programs and public policies with a feminist economic approach, which help to make gender dimensions in the economy visible and highlight the implications this has on women’s lives. The book also examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on inequality on the working lives of men and women. This book will be an important asset in teaching forums on the most recent advances in economic science across a number of different theories, approaches and research hypotheses that explain the study of gender inequality. It also presents different empirical studies, using multiple methodologies and databases, applied to specific problems in multiple countries to identify the advances, opportunities and changes that have occurred in gender inequality from a feminist economic perspective. The book offers relevant, novel and original scientific data and makes public policy proposals to encourage the participation of women in the labor market. Consequently, it will also be of interest to policymakers concerned with global trends in the labor market.

Understanding the Gender Gap

Author : Claudia Dale Goldin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Gender Gap by : Claudia Dale Goldin

Download or read book Understanding the Gender Gap written by Claudia Dale Goldin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have entered the labor market in unprecedented numbers. Yet these critically needed workers still earn less than men and have fewer opportunities for advancement. This study traces the evolution of the female labor force in America, addressing the issue of gender distinction in the workplace and refuting the notion that women's employment advances were a response to social revolution rather than long-run economic progress. Employing innovative quantitative history methods and new data series on employment, earnings, work experience, discrimination, and hours of work, this study establishes that the present economic status of women evolved gradually over the last two centuries and that past conceptions of women workers persist.