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Gastro Intestinal Mucosal Blood Flow
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Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal Circulation by : Peter R. Kvietys
Download or read book The Gastrointestinal Circulation written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography
Book Synopsis Gastro-intestinal Mucosal Blood Flow by : L. Peter Fielding
Download or read book Gastro-intestinal Mucosal Blood Flow written by L. Peter Fielding and published by . This book was released on 1980-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gut Dysfunction in Critical Illness by : J.L. Rombeau
Download or read book Gut Dysfunction in Critical Illness written by J.L. Rombeau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in critically ill patients has recently become a focus of intensive research. This book, the first one on this topic, is a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about the role of the gut in patients requiring intensive care. The definitions and pathogenesis of intestinal dysfunction are critically evaluated. Currently available and potential new ways to monitor intestinal function in the intensive care setting are presented. Emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of gut dysfunction. Options for monitoring and treating gut dysfunction in critically ill patients are rapidly evolving. This volume provides state-of-the-art information for both clinicians and clinical researchers.
Book Synopsis Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System by : Peter R. Kvietys
Download or read book Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gastrointestinal mucosal defense system serves to minimize mucosal injury by either ingested or endogenously produced noxious substances. The mucosal defense system is stratified into pre-epithelial (alkaline mucus), epithelial (dynamic epithelial lining), and post-epithelial (microcirculation) components. The mucus lining the epithelial surface presents a diffusional barrier to ingested material (e.g., lipids) and also serves as an unstirred layer in which a pH gradient can be established to prevent acid-induced injury. The epithelial lining prevents entrance of any toxic material to the interstitium and, should it be damaged, it is rapidly resealed by migration of adjacent viable epithelial cells to cover the defect. Any acid or other material that has entered the interstitium is washed out by an intense neurogenic hyperemia. In general, the mucosal defense system is quite effective and any adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with the normal course of nutrient assimilation are minimal. However, there are two situations in which the mucosal defense system is known to be ineffective and result in gastric mucosal injury: inadvertent ingestion of H. pylori. or intentional ingestion of NSAIDs. H. pylori can penetrate the mucus layers and cause epithelial injury and inflammation, while at the same time preventing its clearance by the host immune system. NSAIDs weaken the mucus layer and cause epithelial cell injury. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction / The Mucus Layer / Epithelial Lining / Gastrointestinal Circulation / Integration of Mucosal Defense / Mucosal Defense System: Physiologic / Mucosal Defense System: H. pylori / Mucosal Defense System: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) / Overall Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biographies
Book Synopsis UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSAL by : Leslee y. Ong
Download or read book UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSAL written by Leslee y. Ong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Blood Flow in Health and Disease" by Leslee Y, Ong, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3122325 Subjects: Gastrointestinal mucosa - Blood-vessels Regional blood flow Reflectance spectroscopy
Book Synopsis Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Blood Flow in Health and Disease by : Leslee Y. Ong
Download or read book Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Blood Flow in Health and Disease written by Leslee Y. Ong and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mesenteric Vascular Disease by : Gustavo S. Oderich
Download or read book Mesenteric Vascular Disease written by Gustavo S. Oderich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first comprehensive textbook devoted to the standard of care, current guidelines and innovations in the field of mesenteric vascular disease. The book reviews imaging modalities, diagnostic work up, physiologic tests, traditional open surgical techniques and novel endovascular approaches. Technical aspects of both open surgical and endovascular techniques are provided by experts in the field, with illustrations and photographs of key steps for each type of procedure. Results of epidemiologic studies and national databases are summarized, as well as large institutional experiences. An evidence-based approach is used for recommendations regarding best therapies. Diagnostic approaches including imaging and novel physiologic tests, including gastric tonometry and oxygen light spectroscopy are covered. Mesenteric Vascular Disease: Current Therapy will serve as a very useful resource for clinicians, surgeons, interventionalists, gastroenterologists and researchers dealing with and interested in mesenteric vascular diseases.
Book Synopsis Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure by : Günther Schlag
Download or read book Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure written by Günther Schlag and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of the 3rd Wiggers Bernard Conference. The Wiggers Bernard Conferences, named after two great physiologists of the past, are biannual gatherings of the leaders in the field of shock. The meetings focus on specific areas of interest, where a lot of new informations is available, but needs to be focused. There are informal presentations during which the seminarian can be intenupted in order to clarify a pat1icular point; formal discussions follow each presentation; these are followed by infOlmal gatherings in which these discussion continue in a very relaxed environment. The 1992 meeting took place in Obermayerhofen, a small but charming castle in the soft green hills of Eastern Styria in the South-Eastern part of Austria. The castle was built in 1130, restored and turned into a hotel in 1977. The renaissance court yard and the generous and exclusive decors make it one of the most beautiful castles in Austria. The frank beauty and hospitality of this area acted as a catalyst to crystalize the thoughts of this interdisciplinary group of scientists as they discussed new findings in the cytokine area.
Book Synopsis Equine Acute Abdomen by : Nathaniel A. White
Download or read book Equine Acute Abdomen written by Nathaniel A. White and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-10-31 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title allows users to effectively diagnose and treat any acute disease of the stomach, intestines, peritoneum, liver, and abdominal wall. Its authorship includes over 20 internationally recognized experts that provide critical information needed by practitioners for management of abdominal diseases. This informative resource provides a thorough discussion of normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology. Surgical techniques are broken down into an easy-to-read step-by-step format. This highly visual presentation, with over 410 illustrations, is a necessary edition to an equine practitioner’s library. Published by Teton New Media in the USA and distributed by Manson Publishing outside of North America.
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Critical Care by : Webb
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Critical Care written by Webb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 1961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book by : Achilles J. Pappano
Download or read book Cardiovascular Physiology E-Book written by Achilles J. Pappano and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular Physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. Ideal for your systems-based curriculum, this title in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series explains how the latest concepts apply to real-life clinical situations. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Get clear, accurate, and up-to-the-minute coverage of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Master the material easily with objectives at the start of each chapter; self-study questions, summaries, and key words and concepts. Grasp the latest concepts in vascular, molecular, and cellular biology as they apply to cardiovascular function, thanks to molecular commentaries in each chapter. Apply information to clinical situations with the aid of clinical commentaries and highlighted clinical vignettes throughout.
Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-15 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.
Book Synopsis Basic Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Cell Injury and Protection by : John W. Harmon
Download or read book Basic Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Cell Injury and Protection written by John W. Harmon and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Endogenous Mediators of Gastrointestinal Damage by : John L. Wallace
Download or read book Endogenous Mediators of Gastrointestinal Damage written by John L. Wallace and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-09-30 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text helps the reader determine whether or not the gastrointestinal mucosa ulcerates can be viewed as a balance between aggressive factors present in the lumen and the mucosal defence system. Several of these aggressive factors, such as acid, bile and pepsin, are endogenous substances. Similarly, several endogenous substances exert control over mucosal blood flow and secretion and thus are important mediators of mucosal defence. In this volume, experts in this field have contributed chapters on some of the most important of these endogenous mediators, including histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet-activating factor. The potential contribution of these mediators to gastrointestinal disease has been assessed. Also discussed is the role these mediators play in gastrointestinal side effects of drugs (i.e. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Also covered are the mechanisms of action of endogenous mediators relative to the the drugs used clinically for the treatment of maladies of the digestive system. This volume will be of interest to the basic scientist, the clinical investigator and to students of pathophysiology and medicine.
Book Synopsis Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract by : Fátima Carneiro
Download or read book Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract written by Fátima Carneiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the complete field of the pathology of the Gastrointestinal tract - from Abetalipoproteinemia to Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. The alphabetically arranged entries, each of which provides a detailed description of a specific pathological disease pattern, allow readers to quickly and easily find the information they need.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Mucosal Protection in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract by : Adrian Allen (D. Phil.)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Mucosal Protection in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract written by Adrian Allen (D. Phil.) and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1984 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
