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Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution For Retrieval Of Single Shell Tank Waste Rev 1
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Book Synopsis Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste, Rev. 1 by :
Download or read book Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste, Rev. 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SSTs) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in Tanks U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown and describe how the headspace hydrogen concentration evolves during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs are summarized, and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self-limiting and that gas release rates are relatively low.
Book Synopsis Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste by :
Download or read book Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SST) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain a large volume of flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown describing the headspace hydrogen concentration transient during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs is summarized and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a very large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self limiting and gas release rates are relatively low.
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-Shell Tanks by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Release Estimates for Modified Sluicing Retrieval of Waste from Selected Hanford Single-Shell Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-level radioactive wastes in many single-shell tanks (SSTs) at the Hanford Site are to be retrieved by a modified sluicing method that uses water jets to dissolve the water-soluble waste and mobilize the water-insoluble waste. Retrieval operations will liberate any waste gases trapped in the wetted solid waste matrix, and these gases will be released into the tank headspaces. Because the trapped gases include the flammable species hydrogen, methane, and ammonia, a concern exists that a flammable mixture could be formed in the tank headspaces. This report combines conservative retained gas inventory estimates and tank data with anticipated waste retrieval rates to estimate the potential headspace flammability of selected SSTs during modified sluicing waste retrieval operations. Considered here are nine of the 12 tanks from the 241-S tank farm (241-S-107, 241-S-111, and 241-S 112 are not considered) and Tank 241-U-107. This report is intended to support the specification of process controls that ensure flammable conditions do not develop in the tank headspaces. Consequently, the physical scenarios considered, the models developed to estimate retained gas releases and the tank headspace compositions under these scenarios, and the model input data are intended to conservatively assess the potential to reach headspace flammability. The analyses are intended to address worst-case conditions and establish reasonable upper bounds on the achievable flammability of the tank headspaces. Flammable retained gas inventories, for example, are based on the 95th percentile developed by Barker and Hedengren (2003), giving 95% confidence that actual inventories are smaller than those used in the calculations. Gas releases and headspace flammability were evaluated for three general scenarios: a very aggressive dissolution and erosion of saltcake waste by water jets impinging on the waste surface, the drainage of interstitial liquids from saltcake during a shutdown of the retrieval process, and the dissolution of saltcake by unsaturated liquids during a shutdown of the retrieval process. The simple model of waste retrieval using the modified sluicing approach indicated that the flammable gas headspace concentrations can rapidly approach the action level of 25% of the lower flammability limit (LFL) when the tank is passively ventilated. While it is not necessary to use the portable exhauster to maintain the headspace hydrogen concentration below this action level, retrieval rates would probably be limited by the slow removal of flammable gases by passive ventilation. It was determined that using a portable exhauster anywhere in the assumed operating range of 270 to 475 cfm would prevent the headspaces from reaching the 25% of LFL action level even if the water jets are very effective at eroding the saltcake. Specific guidelines are developed to ensure that, in the event of a catastrophic loss of the retrieval pump and portable exhauster, headspace flammability will not reach the LFL. This report is Revision 1 of PNNL-14271. This revision expands the analysis of interstitial liquid drainage-induced gas releases to address a general retrieval scenario (the previous version of this report assumed a center-out retrieval approach and conditions). Tank waste conditions (waste volumes, interstitial liquid levels, temperatures, retained gas void fractions, etc.) have also been updated from the previous version.
Book Synopsis Process Control Plan for Single Shell Tank (SST) Saltcake Dissolution Proof of Concept by :
Download or read book Process Control Plan for Single Shell Tank (SST) Saltcake Dissolution Proof of Concept written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the process controls for the tank 241-U-107 (U-107) saltcake dissolution proof-of-concept operations. Saltcake dissolution is defined as a method by which water-soluble salts will be retrieved from the Hanford Site radioactive waste tanks utilizing dissolution as the mobilizing mechanism. The proof-of-concept operations will monitor the retrieval process and transfer at least 100 kgal of fluid from tank U-107 to the double-shell tank (DST) system during the performance period. Tank U-107 has been identified as posing the highest long-term risk to the Columbia River of all single shell tanks (SSTs). This is because of the high content of mobile, long-lived radionuclides mostly in the saltcake waste in the tank. To meet current contractual and consent decree commitments, tank U-107 is being prepared for interim stabilization in August 2001. It is currently scheduled for saltcake retrieval in 2023, near the end of the SST retrieval campaign because of a lack of infrastructure in U-Farm. The proof-of-concept test will install a system to dissolve and retrieve a portion of the saltcake as part of, and operating in parallel with, the standard interim stabilization system to be installed on tank U-107. This proof-of-concept should provide key information on spray nozzle selection and effective spray patterns, leak detection, monitoring, and mitigation (LDMM) and in-tank saltcake solubility data that will help in the design of a full-tank retrieval demonstration system.
Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval by : R. Hunt
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval written by R. Hunt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of column dissolution experiments designed to evaluate the physical and chemical processes inherent to saltcake dissolution are presented along with model chemical equilibrium calculations. Two different compositions representing saltcakes in Hanford tanks were characterized, and porosities and permeabilities for a third composition based upon the saltcake waste in Tank 41H at the Savannah River Site (SRS) were also evaluated. Whereas the surrogates are all chemically similar, the presence of high phosphate loadings for the Hanford (HNF) simulants was noted as significantly affecting draining. The permeability was higher for the SRS saltcake, and the sodium nitrate loading in this saltcake was roughly 80% by weight compared to less than 60% by weight for the HNF compositions. Average values of the permeability and porosity were reduced for the surrogates based on Hanford Tanks S-112 and S-101. Here a secondary layer formed above the saltcake bed and was found to contain a large amount of gibbsite, Al(OH)3. Experiments with 3 molal (m) NaOH as a diluent, compared to water, did not result in additional layer formation that has been attributed to a change in local pH thereby altering the solid liquid equilibrium. Chemical analysis of the two HNF saltcakes indicated solids re-precipitation as a function of diluent added. The events were signified by large decreases in the nitrate and carbonate anion concentrations and were confined to low % dilution by weight values. Solids re-precipitation is noted as arising from the mixing of the dissolved saltcake stream with pockets of saturated interstitial liquor.
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Book Synopsis Process Control Plan for Single-shell Tank Saltcake Dissolution Proof-of-concept by : Scott D. Estey
Download or read book Process Control Plan for Single-shell Tank Saltcake Dissolution Proof-of-concept written by Scott D. Estey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book أنبياء بلا نبوة written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gas Retention and Release Behavior in Hanford Single-shell Waste Tanks by :
Download or read book Gas Retention and Release Behavior in Hanford Single-shell Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Technologies for the Pretreatment of Retrieved Single-shell Tank Waste at Hanford by : Mark A. Gerber
Download or read book Review of Technologies for the Pretreatment of Retrieved Single-shell Tank Waste at Hanford written by Mark A. Gerber and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strong-sludge Gas Retention and Release Mechanisms in Clay Simulants by :
Download or read book Strong-sludge Gas Retention and Release Mechanisms in Clay Simulants written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution FY 2000 Status Report by :
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution FY 2000 Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests were completed on the dissolution characteristics of Hanford saltcake waste from single-shell waste tanks 241-TX- 113, 241-BY-102, 241-BY-106, 241-A-101, and 241-S-102 (henceforth referred to as TX-113, BY-102, BY-106, A-101, and S-102, respectively). This work was funded by the Tanks Focus Area (EM-50) under Technical Task Plan Number RL0-8-WT-41, ''PHMC Pretreatment--Saltcake Dissolution''. The tests performed on saltcake from tank TX-113 were similar in scope to those completed in previous years on waste from tanks BY-102, BY-106, B-106, A-101, and S-102 (Herting 1998, 1999). In addition to the ''standard'' dissolution tests, new types of tests were performed this year related to feed stability and radionuclide distribution. The River Protection Project (RPP) is tasked with retrieving waste from double-shell and single-shell tanks to provide feed for vitrification. The RPP organization needs chemical and physical data to evaluate technologies for retrieving the waste. Little significant laboratory testing has been done to evaluate in-tank dissolution parameters for the various types of saltcake wastes that exist in single-shell tanks. A computer modeling program known as the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP), produced by OLI Systems, Inc of Morris Plains, New Jersey, is being used by the RPP organization to predict solubilities during dilution and retrieval of all tank waste types. Data from this task are provided to ESP users to support evaluation, refinement, and validation of the ESP model.
Book Synopsis Development and Testing of Single-shell Tank Waste Retrieval Technologies: Milestone M-45-01 Summary Report by :
Download or read book Development and Testing of Single-shell Tank Waste Retrieval Technologies: Milestone M-45-01 Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Instruction pour ceux de l'archiconfrérie de la ceinture de saint Augustin et de sainte Monique, instituée au couvent des RR. PP. Augustins réformés du port St-Vincent de Lyon by :
Download or read book Instruction pour ceux de l'archiconfrérie de la ceinture de saint Augustin et de sainte Monique, instituée au couvent des RR. PP. Augustins réformés du port St-Vincent de Lyon written by and published by . This book was released on 1643 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bench Scale Saltcake Dissolution Test Report by :
Download or read book Bench Scale Saltcake Dissolution Test Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A potential scenario for retrieving saltcake from single shell tanks is the ''Rainbird[reg-sign] sprinkler'' method. Water is distributed evenly across the surface of the saltcake and allowed to percolate by gravity through the waste. The salt dissolves in the water, forming a saturated solution. The saturated liquid is removed by a saltwell pump situated near the bottom of the tank. By this method, there is never a large inventory of liquid in the tank that could pose a threat of leakage. There are many variables or factors that can influence the hydrodynamics of this retrieval process. They include saltcake porosity; saltwell pumping rate; salt dissolution chemistry; factors that could promote flow channeling (e.g. tank walls, dry wells, inclusions or discontinuities in the saltcake); method of water distribution; plug formation due to crystal formations or accumulation of insoluble solids. A brief literature search indicates that very little experimental data exist on these aspects of saltcake dissolution (Wiersma 1996, 1997). The tests reported here were planned (Herting, 2000) to provide preliminary data and information for planning future, scaled-up tests of the sprinkler method.
Book Synopsis TANK 241-U-107 SALTCAKE DISSOLUTION PROOF OF CONCEPT RETRIEVAL DEMONSTRATION OPERATIONAL RESULTS. by :
Download or read book TANK 241-U-107 SALTCAKE DISSOLUTION PROOF OF CONCEPT RETRIEVAL DEMONSTRATION OPERATIONAL RESULTS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents the results of the salt cake dissolution proof-of-concept retrieval demonstration conducted in tank 241-U-107. A water distribution system was operated in conjunction with the interim stabilization saltwell pumping equipment to retrieve and remove additional waste from the tank.
Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution FY 2002 Status Report by :
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution FY 2002 Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests were completed on the dissolution characteristics of Hanford saltcake waste from single-shell waste tanks 241-B-109 and 241-SX-101 (henceforth referred to as B-109 and SX-101). The River Protection Project (RPP) is tasked with retrieving waste from double-shell and single-shell tanks to provide feed for vitrification. The RPP organization needs chemical and physical data to evaluate technologies for retrieving the waste. Little relevant laboratory testing has been done to evaluate in-tank dissolution parameters for the various types of saltcake wastes that exist in single-shell tanks. A computer modeling program known as the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP), produced by OLI Systems, Inc. of Morris Plains, New Jersey, is being used by the RPP organization to predict solubilities during dilution and retrieval of all tank waste types. Data from this task are provided to ESP users to support evaluation, refinement, and validation of the ESP model. Cascade (or ''stepwise'') dissolution tests were performed on composite saltcake samples from both tanks. The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the solid/liquid phase distribution of chemicals and radionuclides during tank waste retrieval operations. Solid phase identification tests were also performed on saltcake from both tanks. Weight percent (wt%) dilution is defined in this report as 100 times the weight of diluent (water or 2 M NaOH solution) divided by the weight of undiluted saltcake composite sample. A 50% dilution, for example, would be 50 g of H2O (or 50 g of 2 M NaOH) added to 100 g of undiluted composite sample. Volume percent (Vol%) dilution is defined as 100 times the volume of diluent divided by the calculated volume of undiluted sample. Weight percent dilutions are measured directly by weighing the undiluted sample and diluent. Volume percent dilutions are estimated from the known volume of diluent and calculated volume of undiluted sample.
