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Galvanic Localized Corrosion Of Mild Steel Under Iron Sulfide Corrosion Product Layers
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Book Synopsis Galvanic Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel Under Iron Sulfide Corrosion Product Layers by : Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely
Download or read book Galvanic Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel Under Iron Sulfide Corrosion Product Layers written by Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanism and Modeling of Galvanic Corrosion Between Mild Steel and Iron Aulfides in Acidic Solutions by : Payman Sharifi Abdar
Download or read book Mechanism and Modeling of Galvanic Corrosion Between Mild Steel and Iron Aulfides in Acidic Solutions written by Payman Sharifi Abdar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sour hydrocarbon reservoirs, containing H2S gas, are receiving increasing attention due to the growing demand for energy. Although uniform corrosion is not a significant obstacle for oil and gas companies in sour environments, the major challenge in this field is prevention of localized corrosion that can cause failures in production infrastructure. Formation of different types of iron sulfides as corrosion products has been postulated to be a main culprit for localized attack, due to their wide-ranging physicochemical properties, such as their electrical conductivities. The galvanic coupling between iron sulfides layers and mild steel was shown to be the mechanism associated with the localized attacks in sour environments. However, the mechanism of galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfides has not been understood due to the lack of systematic and parametric studies. The research described herein addresses the galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfide polymorphs to investigate the involved mechanisms. For the first step, the uniform corrosion of mild steel in aqueous H2S solutions was critically reviewed, and the mechanism associated with this system including the involved chemical electrochemical reactions was fully described. Furthermore, the mathematical modeling of uniform corrosion rate of mild steel in H2S environments was also comprehensively reviewed. In addition, some new approaches for the modeling of electrochemical reactions as well as corrosion rate were proposed, and the validity of the proposed models were verified through comparing with experimental data. Next step of the current research focused on the galvanic corrosion between mild steel and iron sulfides using both experimental and modeling investigations. In the experimental section, a systematic study was performed in order to determine the contribution of the influential parameters on the galvanic corrosion between mild steel and iron sulfides. On that account, the effect of several important parameters including iron sulfide type, cathode to anode surface area ratio, and solution’s conductivity was examined. Although the conductivity of solution did not show significant impact on the galvanic corrosion rate in the studied experimental conditions, the type of iron sulfide as well as the cathode to anode surface area ratio notably affected the galvanic coupling process. Specifically, the two types of iron sulfides used here, pyrite and pyrrhotite, were shown to produce different galvanic corrosion due to their different electrochemical behaviors. To further elucidate the mechanism of the impact of iron sulfide type, the cathodic behavior of pyrite and pyrrhotite was systematically studied using rotating disk electrode system. The results revealed that pyrrhotite has significantly higher cathodic current than pyrite. This difference originates from different cathodic reactions occurring at the surface of these iron sulfides. Therefore, the associated cathodic reactions were also proposed in this study. The modeling section started with the proposed model for the cathodic current density of mild steel, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. The mathematical model was based on the proposed cathodic reactions as well as the constants found from experimental investigation. The proposed model was then verified by comparing it to the experimental data obtained in this study. In the final part of the current study, a mathematical model based on the polarization measurements was proposed for the prediction of galvanic corrosion rate between mild steel and iron sulfides. The model was compared with the experimental results at various experimental conditions, and very good agreement was found between experimental and modeling results. To summarize, the current research was ale to reveal some mechanistic aspects of the galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfides. The impact of the influential parameters and the electrochemical characteristic of iron sulfides were revealed. Also, the current research, for the first time, developed a mathematical model for the prediction of cathodic current on iron sulfides and the galvanic corrosion rate between mild steel and iron sulfides.
Book Synopsis Galvanic Interactions in Sweet and Sour Environments by : Angeire S. Huggins Gonzalez
Download or read book Galvanic Interactions in Sweet and Sour Environments written by Angeire S. Huggins Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of carbon steel exposed to aqueous environments containing dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is responsible for many failures of equipment and pipelines in the oil and gas industry. Corrosion product films, e.g., iron carbonate (FeCO3) and iron sulfide (FexSy), play a major role in enhancing localized corrosion after breakdown of these films by either mechanical or chemical means. This has been attributed to galvanic effects driven by the difference in open circuit potential (OCP) between steel covered by FeCO3 or FexSy and bare uncovered areas. Upon localized breakdown of the films, a galvanic current flows between the bare metal areas (anodes) and the areas covered with FeCO3 or FexSy (cathodes). Although many studies have evaluated these galvanic effects, there are still some questions remaining related to the cathodic nature of corrosion product films and their role in enhancing localized corrosion. The present study focused on the evaluation of galvanic interactions of iron (Fe) in CO2 and CO2/H2S environments. The corrosion rate and OCP were measured over time for samples under various conditions, corrosion products on those samples were characterized, and galvanic currents were measured between samples exposed to different conditions. The test conditions were selected to favor the formation of protective films. Fe and steel samples were immersed in 1% NaCl saturated with 100% CO2 or 0.1, 1, 10% H2S/balance CO2. The pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to values between 6 and 8, while the temperature was controlled between 20°C and 80°C. Corrosion product layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The galvanic interactions were measured using a modified split cell that allowed customization of different environments in each of the half cells, along with simultaneous monitoring of the galvanic current and driving force as indicated by the difference in OCPs. The results indicated that the pH of the bulk solutions plays a major role in the formation of protective FeCO3 scales. Fe exhibited a passive-like behavior when immersed in a solution at 80°C with pH adjusted to 8. The split cell experiments showed that after reaching a passive-like behavior, Fe was cathodic when coupled to samples immersed in a solution with lower pH, and the galvanic current was approximately 2.4 μA/cm2. The galvanic current decreased with increasing temperature and pH gradient between the half cells. The study of artificial couples between Fe electrodes in 1% NaCl solutions saturated with 0.1, 1 or 10% H2S/balance CO2 and with CO2 showed that the galvanic current increased with temperature and %H2S in the gas mixture. At 20°C and 0.1-1%H2S/balance CO2, the FexSy-covered electrodes were cathodic compared to Fe in CO2-saturated solution. At higher temperature and H2S/CO2 ratio, the FexSy covered samples were anodic. The reversal in polarity in the evaluation of temperature, pH and H2S/CO2 ratio suggested that the cathodic or anodic nature of FexSy films may be influenced by the local chemistry in the film/metal interface.
Download or read book Localized Corrosion written by Fumio Hine and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Iron Sulfide Polymorphism in Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel by : Jing Ning
Download or read book The Role of Iron Sulfide Polymorphism in Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel written by Jing Ning and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies by : A. M. El-Sherik
Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry
Book Synopsis The Influence of Sulfides on Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel by : Bruce N. Brown
Download or read book The Influence of Sulfides on Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel written by Bruce N. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shreir's Corrosion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 3652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike. Incorporates coverage of all aspects of the corrosion phenomenon, from the science behind corrosion of metallic and non-metallic materials in liquids and gases to the management of corrosion in specific industries and applications Features cutting-edge topics such as medical applications, metal matrix composites, and corrosion modeling Covers the benefits and limitations of techniques from scanning probes to electrochemical noise and impedance spectroscopy
Book Synopsis Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry, Second Edition by :
Download or read book Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry, Second Edition written by and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1994, this second edition of Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry collects peer-reviewed articles written by experts in the field of corrosion that were specifically chosen for this book because of their relevance to the petrochemical industry. This edition expands coverage of the different forms of corrosion, including the effects of metallurgical variables on the corrosion of several alloys. It discusses protection methods, including discussion of corrosion inhibitors and corrosion resistance of aluminum, magnesium, stainless steels, and nickels. It also includes a section devoted specifically to petroleum and petrochemical industry related issues.
Book Synopsis Galvanic Mechanism of Localized Corrosion for Mild Steel in Carbon Dioxide Environments by : Jiabin Han
Download or read book Galvanic Mechanism of Localized Corrosion for Mild Steel in Carbon Dioxide Environments written by Jiabin Han and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environments by : S. W. Dean
Download or read book Marine Corrosion in Tropical Environments written by S. W. Dean and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains papers presented at a November 2000 symposium, examining laboratory evaluation methods, test methods, and model prediction in research on atmospheric corrosion, corrosion of rebar in concrete, marine corrosion, and other related corrosion phenomena. Topics include degradation of fiber reinf
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Corrosion by : Christofer Leygraf
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by Christofer Leygraf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric corrosion has been a subject of engineering study, largely empirical, for nearly a century. Scientists came to the field rather later on and had considerable difficulty bringing their arsenal of tools to bear on the problem. Atmospheric corrosion was traditionally studied by specialists in corrosion having little knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, history, or prospects. Atmospheric Corrosion provides a combined approach bringing together experimental corrosion and atmospheric chemistry. The second edition expands on this approach by including environmental aspects of corrosion, atmospheric corrosion modeling, and international corrosion exposure programs. The combination of specialties provides a more comprehensive coverage of the topic. These scientific insights into the corrosion process and its amelioration are the focus of this book. Key topics include the following: Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments Degradation of materials in architectural, transport, and structural applications; electronic devices; and cultural artifacts Protection of existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion Prediction of how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion, Second Edition continues to be an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. The book concerns primarily the atmospheric corrosion of metals and is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in any of the physical or engineering sciences.
Book Synopsis Subsea Engineering Handbook by : Yong Bai
Download or read book Subsea Engineering Handbook written by Yong Bai and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The offshore industry continues to drive the oil and gas market into deeper drilling depths, more advanced subsea systems, and cross into multiple disciplines to further technology and equipment. Engineers and managers have learned that in order to keep up with the evolving market, they must have an all-inclusive solution reference. Subsea Engineering Handbook, Second Edition remains the go-to source for everything related to offshore oil and gas engineering. Enhanced with new information spanning control systems, equipment QRA, electric tree structures, and manifold designs, this reference is still the one product engineers rely on to understand all components of subsea technology. Packed with new chapters on subsea processing and boosting equipment as well as coverage on newer valves and actuators, this handbook explains subsea challenges and discussions in a well-organized manner for both new and veteran engineers to utilize throughout their careers. Subsea Engineering Handbook, Second Edition remains the critical road map to understand all subsea equipment and technology. Gain access to the entire spectrum of subsea engineering, including the very latest on equipment, safety, and flow assurance systems Sharpen your knowledge with new content coverage on subsea valves and actuators, multiphase flow loop design, tree and manifold design as well as subsea control Practice and learn with new real-world test examples and case studies
Book Synopsis Galvanic Corrosion by : Roger Francis
Download or read book Galvanic Corrosion written by Roger Francis and published by Nace International. This book was released on 2001 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the CORROSION/83 Symposium on CO2 Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry by : R. H. Hausler
Download or read book Proceedings of the CORROSION/83 Symposium on CO2 Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry written by R. H. Hausler and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Galvanic and Pitting Corrosion--field and Laboratory Studies by : Robert Baboian
Download or read book Galvanic and Pitting Corrosion--field and Laboratory Studies written by Robert Baboian and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry by : Linda Garverick
Download or read book Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry written by Linda Garverick and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed data and information on corrosion in the petroleum, petrochemical, and chemical processing industries from a number of ASM International publications. The principal sources are Corrosion, Volume 13, and Failure Analysis and Prevention, Volume 11 of ASM H
