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Functional Analysis Of Drosophila Melanogaster Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Alternative Domains
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Book Synopsis Functional Analysis of Drosophila Melanogaster Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Alternative Domains by : Becky Marlene Miller
Download or read book Functional Analysis of Drosophila Melanogaster Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Alternative Domains written by Becky Marlene Miller and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila melanogaster has a single myosin alkali light chain gene which encodes for two protein isoforms by developmentally regulated alternative splicing of the primary transcript. All six of the exons in the gene are present in the mRNA of larval muscles and the tubular and abdominal muscles of the adults. A novel mRNA species present exclusively in the adult and pupal Indirect Flight Muscle (IFM) lacks the fifth exon, thus encoding a MLC-ALK isoform with a variant carboxyl terminus. All introns of the transcript contain the established concensus splicing signals with the exception of intron 4. In this intron, a non-canonical polypurine stretch replaces the concensus polypyrimidine, rendering it a likely regulatory site. Because the transcripts are colinear with the gene throughout development the alternative splicing pattern in the IFM appears to be regulated at the level of splice site choice. The goal of this research is to identify the cis-regulatory sequences that control the choice between alternative larval and IFM-specific splicing pathways. I have developed a transient expression system for Drosophila Schneider 2 cultured cells utilizing the Drosophila metallothionein promoter to direct transcription of transfected MLC-ALK minigenes. This analysis demonstrated that the larval-specific splicing pathway represents the default splicing of the MLC-ALK transcripts. Analysis of mutant minigene transcripts revealed that splicing in the IFM-specific pathway is not the result of blockage or incapacitation of either splice acceptor or/and donor sequences flanking exon 5. The structures of the mutant mRNAs suggest that utilization of the IFM-specific pathway requires trans-acting factors which are absent in the cultured cells. Furthermore, analysis of mutant and hybrid minigene transcripts identified a unique cis-regulatory sequence proximal to the splice donor of intron 4, required for efficient utilization of the larval-specific splicing pathway. Mutations in intron 4 inhibit removal of the downstream intron 5 suggesting that an ordered pathway of intron removal is employed for larval-specific splicing. On the basis of these results a model of the mechanism of tissue and temporal regulation of alternative splicing of the MLC-ALK transcripts is presented.
Book Synopsis Nature's Versatile Engine: by : Jim Vigoreaux
Download or read book Nature's Versatile Engine: written by Jim Vigoreaux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods for Obtaining X-Ray Diffraction Patterns from Drosophila 198 Diffraction Patterns from Drosophila IFM 203 Concluding Remarks 211 Note Added in Proof 211 17. Functional and Ecological Effects of Isoform Variation in Insect Flight Muscle 214 James H. Marden Abstract 214 Introduction 215 Nature's Versatile Engine 215 The Underlying Genetics: An Underinflated Genome and a Hyperinflated Transcriptome and Proteome 216 Functional Effects of Isoform Variation 219 Alternative Splicing and the Generation of Combinatorial Complexity 220 Functional Consequences of Naturally Occurring Isoform Variation 220 18. Muscle Systems Design and Integration 230 Fritz- OlafLehmann Abstract 230 Power Requirements for Flight 230 Power Reduction 233 Power Constraints on Steering Capacity 234 Balancing Power and Control 236 Changes in Muscle Efficiency in Vivo 238 Concluding Remarks 239 From the Inside Out 19. Molecular Assays for Acto-Myosin Interactions 242 John C. Sparrow and Michael A. Geeves Abstract 242 Introduction 242 Myosin Purification and Preparation of the SI Fragment 243 Purification of Flight Muscle Actin 244 Assays of Myosin and Acto-Myosin 244 Major Conclusions Relating to the Enzymatic Properties of Insect Flight Muscle Acto-Myosin 247 Major Questions about Insect Flight Muscle Acto-Myosin Kinetics That Remain 249 20.
Book Synopsis Behavioral Genetics of the Fly (Drosophila Melanogaster) by : Josh Dubnau
Download or read book Behavioral Genetics of the Fly (Drosophila Melanogaster) written by Josh Dubnau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive portrayal of the behaviour genetics of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the methods used in these studies.
Download or read book Myosins written by Lynne M. Coluccio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly authoritative volume highlights the remarkable superfamily of molecular motors called myosins, which are involved in such diverse cellular functions as muscle contraction, intracellular transport, cell migration and cell division. In a timely compilation of chapters written by leading research groups that have made key discoveries in the field, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these intriguing proteins is explored.
Book Synopsis Myofibrillogenesis by : Dipak K. Dube
Download or read book Myofibrillogenesis written by Dipak K. Dube and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-10-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myofibrillogenesis has been studied extensively over the last 100 years. Until recently, we have not had a comprehensive understanding of this fundamental process. The emergence of new technologies in molecular and cellular biology, combined with classical embryology, have started to unravel some of the complexities of myofibril assembly in striated muscles. In striated muscles, the contractile proteins are arranged in a highly ordered three dimensional lattice known as the sarcomere. The assembly of a myofibril involves the precise ordering of several proteins into a linear array of sarcomeres. Multiple isoforms in many of these proteins further complicate the process, making it difficult to define the precise role of each component. This volume has been compiled as a comprehensive reference on myofibrillogenesis. In addition, the book includes reviews on myofibrillar disarray under various pathological conditions, such as familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), and incorporates a section on the conduction system in the heart. Much of the information in this volume has not been described elsewhere. Presented in a manner to be of value to students and teachers alike, "Myofibrillogenesis" will be an invaluable reference source for all in the fields of muscle biology and heart development.
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetic Analysis of Drosophila Melanogaster Paramyosin in Muscle Development, Structure, and Function by : Hongjun Liu
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Analysis of Drosophila Melanogaster Paramyosin in Muscle Development, Structure, and Function written by Hongjun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paramyosin is a major structural component of invertebrate muscles. It forms thick filament cores with other proteins. The motor protein myosin assembles on the surface of the core to form functional thick filaments. To investigate the roles of paramyosin in thick filament assembly as well as muscle contraction, I functionally knocked out the Drosophila melanogaster paramyosin gene by mobilizing a P element localized in the promoter region. I found that homozygous paramyosin mutants die at the embryo stage. Using electron microscopy and confocal microscopy, I analyzed the phenotypic defects of a functional null allele prm1. I observed that, in the absence of paramyosin, thick filaments of embryo body wall muscles are abnormal and the striated pattern of myobibrils is disrupted. These results indicate that paramyosin is essential for thick filament assembly and myofibril formation. Surprisingly, the muscle pattern of paramyosin mutant embryos is also abnormal. Mutation of paramyosin causes random losses of muscle fibers. Using a marker for founder myoblasts and the DMEF2 antibody which recognizes all myoblasts, I proved that the muscle fiber loss is not due to defects in myoblast differentiation. Rather, it is caused by abnomal myoblast fusion. Using a paramyosin specific antibody, I revealed that paramyosin functions as a cytoplasmic protein before myofibril formation and is important for myoblast fusion. I further investigated the function of paramyosin phosphorylation in the NH2-terminal non-helical domain. I made transgenic flies in which 1, 3, or 4 phosphorylatable serine residues in this domain are substituted with alanines. I observed that mutations of paramyosin at these residues do not affect the ultrastructure of myofibrils. However, mutant flies with substitution at some specific sites are flight impaired. Mechanical studies of indirect flight muscle fibers revealed that the flight impairment is caused by reduced fiber stiffness and power output. These results indicate that paramyosin phosphorylation in the NH2-terminal domain is important for muscle contraction.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Roles of Myosin Heavy Chain, Enolase, and Paramyosin in Muscle Assembly and Function in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Michelle Mardahl-Dumesnil
Download or read book The Roles of Myosin Heavy Chain, Enolase, and Paramyosin in Muscle Assembly and Function in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Michelle Mardahl-Dumesnil and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manipulation of muscle genes to cause their under-, over- and mis-expression and subsequent assessment of resultant phenotypes offers a comprehensive approach to understand muscle assembly, development and function. These techniques are readily applied to the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, because of the relative ease of mutant isolation and germ-line transformation. The consequences of altered muscle gene expression on muscle function and ultrastructure can be well characterized in this genetic system. This dissertation describes experiments to examine the roles of two thick filament proteins and a metabolic enzyme on Drosophila muscle structure and function. In the first chapter, I have determined the genetic lesion for the Mhc2 mutant and performed detailed ultrastructural analysis of the indirect flight muscle (IFM) of mutant and transgenic lines. This investigation reveals the negative effects of over-expression and under-expression of the Mhc gene on muscle function and structure. In Chapter Two, I characterize an enhancer detection line that exhibits strong IFM specific reporter gene activity. The P element of the enhancer detection line lies downstream of the enolase gene. Two interesting complementation groups result when the P element is used to mutagenize this locus. One complementation group is the first identification of a Drosophila enolase mutant, and the other is an unknown mutation that affects flight ability presumably by disrupting mitochondrial function in the IFM. In Chapter Three, I identify both standard (PM) and mini-paramyosin (mPM) mutants. Although thick filaments are present in embryonic body-wall muscle that is lacking PM, the sarcomere is unordered, indicating that PM is needed for its normal structure and function. Low levels of mPM significantly impair flight ability and viability. In addition, more thick filaments incorporate into IFM myofibrils of the mPM mutant than those of wild-type. Over-expression of either PM or mPM affects IFM structure and function. It also appears that equivalent stoichiometric levels of mPM and PM are important for correct sarcomeric structure in the IFM. From these studies, we determine that both PM and mPM confer specific structural qualities to the thick filament and myofibril morphology.
Book Synopsis Nanofabrication and Biosystems by : Harvey C. Hoch
Download or read book Nanofabrication and Biosystems written by Harvey C. Hoch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-13 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book also aims to stimulate innovative, productive interactions among materials scientists, engineers, and biologists, and to explore ways in which materials scientists and engineers can exploit biological principles and biological assemblies to produce new and ever smaller devices.
Download or read book Myosins written by James Sellers and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myosins are a diverse superfamily of molecular motor proteins, which share the ability to reversibly bind actin and hydrolyse MgATP. They are capable of either translocating actin filaments or translocating vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments. There are currently 15 distinct classes in the myosins superfamily, based on sequence homology. Myosin II and myosin I proteins are familiar and well studied; while Classes III-XV are less well characterized. All myosins examined to date are multimeric and appear to possess at least three functional domains, a head, neck, and tail. Myosins (second edition) explores the structure and functional properties of myosins, their regulation, and mutational analysis. It has been thoroughly updated since the first edition was published in 1995 including sections on the three additional classes defined by new sequences, information provided by the crystal structure of seven new Dicytostelium motor domains, and data from new techniques such as molecular imaging and tagging proteins with GFP 20. The three human diseases that are now known to be linked to mutations in different myosin heavy or light chains are also covered, including more than 50 mutations associated with hyperotrophic cardiomyopathy.
Book Synopsis Genetic, Molecular and Ultrastructural Characterization of Myosin Heavy Chain Mutations in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Patrick Thomas O'Donnell
Download or read book Genetic, Molecular and Ultrastructural Characterization of Myosin Heavy Chain Mutations in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Patrick Thomas O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Cell Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No. 2, pt. 2 of November issue each year from v. 19 (1963)-47 (1970) and v. 55 (1972)- contain the Abstracts of papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology, 3d (1963)-10th (1970) and 12th (1972)-
Author :Benjamin J. Blencowe Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780387773735 Total Pages :260 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (737 download)
Book Synopsis Alternative Splicing in the Postgenomic Era by : Benjamin J. Blencowe
Download or read book Alternative Splicing in the Postgenomic Era written by Benjamin J. Blencowe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yet again Springer has reached the market before everyone. This is the first book that is solely dedicated to the topic of alternative splicing. The book contains chapters by experts in the field that cover nearly all aspects of this hugely important subject. The purpose of the text is to provide a single, authoritative source of information on alternative splicing that is accessible to researchers in diverse fields. It is suitable for beginners and experts alike.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Muscle Homeostasis and Regeneration by : Antonio Musarò
Download or read book Muscle Homeostasis and Regeneration written by Antonio Musarò and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a collection of original research and review articles addressing the intriguing field of the cellular and molecular players involved in muscle homeostasis and regeneration. One of the most ambitious aspirations of modern medical science is the possibility of regenerating any damaged part of the body, including skeletal muscle. This desire has prompted clinicians and researchers to search for innovative technologies aimed at replacing organs and tissues that are compromised. In this context, the papers, collected in this book, addressing a specific aspects of muscle homeostasis and regeneration under physiopathologic conditions, will help us to better understand the underlying mechanisms of muscle healing and will help to design more appropriate therapeutic approaches to improve muscle regeneration and to counteract muscle diseases.
Book Synopsis Advances in Genetics by : Jeffrey C. Hall
Download or read book Advances in Genetics written by Jeffrey C. Hall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-05-27 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the leadership of Dr. Jeffrey C. Hall and Dr. Jay C. Dunlap, Advances in Genetics covers all genetic systems-from prokaryotic to human-with an eye toward identifying emerging problems as they coalesce. Volumes present both synoptic and topical reviews in a comprehensible, informative, and insightful manner. Articles range from detailed and discursive to brief and sharply focused, as benefits the problem under study. Founded in 1946 by Dr. Miloslav Demerc, this serial publication continues to be critical reading for researchers who need current overviews of areas outside their specialty and for students who need comprehensive introduction to topics genetic research. Under new editorial direction beginning with this volume Publishes comprehensive and timely chapters of genetic Delves into genetic phenomena at a molecular level Ties together related issues in cell and developmental biology and neurobiology
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
