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Fuel Component Effects On Combuster Soot Formation
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Book Synopsis Fuel Component Effects on Combuster Soot Formation by :
Download or read book Fuel Component Effects on Combuster Soot Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal objective of this program was to obtain information on the effect of fuel composition and combustor operating conditions on soot formation in a model laboratory combustor which is representative of aircraft gas turbine engines (GTEs). Work included the development of a laboratory scale combustor that reflects the characteristics of practical GTEs and the blending of a fuel surrogate from pure hydrocarbons to stimulate JP-4. The results show that the soot yield is affected by fuel molecular structure, loading, engine aerodynamics, and pattern of fuel injection. The performance of the combustor was shown to be highly sensitive to the atomizing air conditions of the fuel nozzle.
Book Synopsis Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties by : J. Lahaye
Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Book Synopsis Fuel Molecular Structure and Flame Temperature Effects on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors by :
Download or read book Fuel Molecular Structure and Flame Temperature Effects on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion by : Charles E. Baukal Jr.
Download or read book Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Book Synopsis Experiments and Modeling of Multi-Component Fuel Behavior in Combustion by : Peter R. Solomon
Download or read book Experiments and Modeling of Multi-Component Fuel Behavior in Combustion written by Peter R. Solomon and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A computer model was developed to relate pyrolysis and soot formation to fuel properties. A Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to characterize the effect of temperature, pressure, reaction time, and hydrogen and oxygen concentration of fuels undergoing pyrolysis. The problem of how to identify and measure the hydrogen available for release during pyrolysis was investigated. A detailed data base of a variety of fuels undergoing pyrolysis was developed. The data base conditions included: temperature 800-1500 C; pressure 1-15 atm; and reaction time 100ms-1 sec. Experimental data results show that fuels decompose to form small hydrocarbon species prior to the onset of soot formation. A hydrocarbon model was extended to include Rice-Kossiakoff-Herzfeld mechanism to predict the decomposition of long chain aliphatics to small molecules. A free radical soot model was developed to predict the growth of soot precursors from the small molecules. Keywords: Combustion pyrolysis model; Soot formation; Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy; Rice-Kossiakoff-Herzfeld mechanism; Free radical.
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in Combustion by : Henning Bockhorn
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Book Synopsis Fuel Effects on Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines by : D. B. Olson
Download or read book Fuel Effects on Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines written by D. B. Olson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sooting tendencies of sixteen Navy jet fuels and eight fuel blending components have been studied in laboratory flames to compare with results obtained in other programs using these fuels in turbojet engines and combustors. The average molecular weight, density, ASTM smoke point, and diffusion flame and premixed flame threshold sooting index of each fuel have been measured. An apparatus has been assembled to measure premixed flame soot yields using a multi-wavelength laser extinction technique. Experiments have been performed on a six-component test fuel blended using pure hydrocarbon components. The diffusion flame soot threshold of this fuel can be predicted using the pure component values but the predicted premixed flame soot threshold is larger than measured. Experiments are planned to measure soot yields of the jet fuels and to correlate the laboratory measurements with engine test results. (Author).
Book Synopsis Effects of Fuel Specification and Additives on Soot Formation by : G. S. Samuelsen
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Specification and Additives on Soot Formation written by G. S. Samuelsen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program was to develop an employ the method necessary to identify the causal effects of fuel properties, additive properties, and combustor operating conditions on soot formation and to provide information needed to evaluate and develop models destined for gas turbine design. Present knowledge of these effects is limited to systems which are either too simple to adequately represent gas turbine combustion or too complex to permit access to detailed optical diagnostics. The projected use by Air Force aircraft of relax-detailed optical diagnostics. The projected use by Air Force aircraft of relaxed specification fuels having an increased tendency to produce soot portends greater difficulty meeting the future USAF aircraft smoke emission goals and makes this information essential. To answer these technical questions, a multifaceted study was undertaken to test candidate model laboratory combustors in the conduct of fuel effects measurement of local soot size and number density, develop and assess the effect of extractive probe perturbation to local values of soot size and number density, employ an extractive probe and sampling system to assess the effect of fuel molecular structure and additives on the physical and chemical properties of soot, and determine the effectiveness of the ASTM smoke point in predicting sooting behavior in complex flows.
Book Synopsis Effect of Fuel Volatility and Ignition Quality on Combustion and Soot Formation at Fixed Premixing Conditions by :
Download or read book Effect of Fuel Volatility and Ignition Quality on Combustion and Soot Formation at Fixed Premixing Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Correlation of Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines and in Laboratory Flames by : Robert K. Gould
Download or read book Correlation of Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines and in Laboratory Flames written by Robert K. Gould and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data obtained from aviation gas turbine combustor tests have been examined to determine the effects of fuel properties on soot-related measurements such as engine smoke number, combustor flame radiation, and/or combustor linear temperature. Some tests of smaller laboratory combustors used to simulate these large combustors were also examined. From the existing data it is clear that soot production is a strong function of the fuel chemical composition. Variations in the physical properties of the fuel do not correlate well with soot-related effects. In studies in which a broad range of fuel properties was examined, correlation of soot-related effects with basic fuel compositional parameters including (1) the hydrogen content of the fuel, (2) the aromatic content of the fuel, and (3) the amount of multiple-ring aromatics in the fuel show that typically only the first of these correlates well. However, it has also been shown that fuel compositions can be chosen for which this correlating parameter fails.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Characterization of Alternate Fuel Effects in Continuous Combustion Systems by : W. S. Blazowski
Download or read book Fundamental Characterization of Alternate Fuel Effects in Continuous Combustion Systems written by W. S. Blazowski and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pollutants from Combustion by : Christian Vovelle
Download or read book Pollutants from Combustion written by Christian Vovelle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute: (ASI) «Pollutants Formation from Combustion. Formation Mechanisms and Impact on th th Atmospheric Chemistry» held in Maratea, Italy, from 13 to 26 september 1998. Preservation of the environment is of increasing concern in individual countries but also at continental or world scales. The structure of a NATO ASI which involve lecturers and participants of different nationalities was thought as especially well suited to address environmental issues. As combustion is known to substantially contribute to the damaging of the atmosphere, it was natural to concentrate the ASI program on reviewing the currently available knowledge of the formation mechanisms of the main pollutants liberated by combustion systems. In most situations, pollutants are present as trace components and their formation and removal is strongly conditioned by the chemical reactions initiated by fuel consumption. Therefore specific lectures were aimed at defining precisely the general properties of combustion chemistry for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. Physical factors can strongly affect the combustion chemistry and their influence was also considered. An interesting peculiarity of this specific ASI was to complement the program with a substantial part concerned with the impact of the main combustion pollutants: NOx, aromatics, soot, VOCs, sulphur and chlorinated compounds, on atmospheric chemistry.
Book Synopsis Fuel Property Effects on Combustor Performance by : C. A. Moses
Download or read book Fuel Property Effects on Combustor Performance written by C. A. Moses and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two combustor rigs have been used to study the sensitivities of combustor operation to the physical and chemical properties of fuels. Eighteen fuels including synfuels were used to accentuate the properties of concern: composition, viscosity, and boiling-point distribution. Flame radiation and smoke were best correlated by hydrogen content rather than hydrocarbon structure; the soot formation was due to gas-phase reactions. Lean-blowout conditions were about the same for all fuels except that gasoline could be burned leaner at idle conditions. Ignition limits were more sensitive to volatility than viscosity. Gaseous emissions and combustion efficiency were not significantly affected by fuel properties although some sensitivity to boiling point distribution was evident. In all performance areas, the syncrude fuels correlated in the same ways as the petroleum-derived fuels except fo the NOx emissions from the nitrogen containing shale oil fuel. (Author).
Book Synopsis Effects of Fuel Molecular Structure and Composition on Soot Formation in Direct-injection Spray Flames by : Kenth Ingemar Svensson
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Molecular Structure and Composition on Soot Formation in Direct-injection Spray Flames written by Kenth Ingemar Svensson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extinction and two-color soot measurement results were compared. The two-color KL values were seen to level off at around 0.5, but continue to increase monotonically as soot increased. The broad band method is therefore not good for absolute soot measurements. Natural luminosity measurements were sensitive to the first appearance of soot, but were non-linear.
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in Combustion by : Henning Bockhorn
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by . This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in a Jet Stirred Combustor by : Joseph Terence Hodges
Download or read book Soot Formation in a Jet Stirred Combustor written by Joseph Terence Hodges and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
