Prosperity and Poverty

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Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1579108083
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (791 download)

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Book Synopsis Prosperity and Poverty by : E. Calvin Beisner

Download or read book Prosperity and Poverty written by E. Calvin Beisner and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2001-11-19 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a world with millions in need, a nation torn by conflicting ideologies that offer failing remedies for economic ills. Yet the gospel calls Christians to feed the hungry and care for the poor. But how? Prosperity and Poverty offers clear teaching on Biblical principles of stewardship and economics, enabling us to make informed choices in these areas. The stakes are high. Our decisions mean the difference between starvation and plenty, between liberty and oppression, for tens of millions of people.

From Poverty to Prosperity

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Author :
Publisher : PearlStone Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781936513567
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis From Poverty to Prosperity by : Charles J. Jones

Download or read book From Poverty to Prosperity written by Charles J. Jones and published by PearlStone Publishing. This book was released on 2012-12 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although blacks living within America are still haunted by the same malevolent plights their ancestors sparred with and could not elude, Jermaine Jones refuses to agree they are all grounds for blacks, today, to simply surrender. Rather than opting for silence and ignoring the elephant in the room, through various allegories, Jones acknowledges and highlights the enigmas, issues, educational obstructions, and self-sedating pitfalls blacks are continuing to cling to today in America. With urgency, he meticulously addresses how these monopolies are endlessly suppressing the black race, but also forwards what he believes to be key solutions which will counter these strongholds and enhance blacks' probability of surviving America. Jones strategically challenges each reader to interrogate his or her assumptions in regards to their personal intuitiveness, motivation, and soberness compliant with the significance of one using self-productiveness and education as tools to defeat poverty and become a division of the From Poverty to Prosperity transition.

The Prosperity Paradox

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Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062851837
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (628 download)

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Book Synopsis The Prosperity Paradox by : Clayton M. Christensen

Download or read book The Prosperity Paradox written by Clayton M. Christensen and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clayton M. Christensen, the author of such business classics as The Innovator’s Dilemma and the New York Times bestseller How Will You Measure Your Life, and co-authors Efosa Ojomo and Karen Dillon reveal why so many investments in economic development fail to generate sustainable prosperity, and offers a groundbreaking solution for true and lasting change. Global poverty is one of the world’s most vexing problems. For decades, we’ve assumed smart, well-intentioned people will eventually be able to change the economic trajectory of poor countries. From education to healthcare, infrastructure to eradicating corruption, too many solutions rely on trial and error. Essentially, the plan is often to identify areas that need help, flood them with resources, and hope to see change over time. But hope is not an effective strategy. Clayton M. Christensen and his co-authors reveal a paradox at the heart of our approach to solving poverty. While noble, our current solutions are not producing consistent results, and in some cases, have exacerbated the problem. At least twenty countries that have received billions of dollars’ worth of aid are poorer now. Applying the rigorous and theory-driven analysis he is known for, Christensen suggests a better way. The right kind of innovation not only builds companies—but also builds countries. The Prosperity Paradox identifies the limits of common economic development models, which tend to be top-down efforts, and offers a new framework for economic growth based on entrepreneurship and market-creating innovation. Christensen, Ojomo, and Dillon use successful examples from America’s own economic development, including Ford, Eastman Kodak, and Singer Sewing Machines, and shows how similar models have worked in other regions such as Japan, South Korea, Nigeria, Rwanda, India, Argentina, and Mexico. The ideas in this book will help companies desperate for real, long-term growth see actual, sustainable progress where they’ve failed before. But The Prosperity Paradox is more than a business book; it is a call to action for anyone who wants a fresh take for making the world a better and more prosperous place.

Understanding Economic Development

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849802408
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Economic Development by : Colin White

Download or read book Understanding Economic Development written by Colin White and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invaluable survey of the literature on growth. Colin White argues persuasively and expertly that any attempt to solve the profound mystery of economic growth at the large scales of world history must move beyond the limited vision of neo-classical economic theory, and incorporate the narrative methods and perspectives of history as well. This is a superb overview and critique of contemporary attempts to explain economic growth, and a perceptive re-examination of the whole issue of growth in human history. David Christian, Macquarie University, Australia Colin White transcends a number of false dichotomies in this work. He shows that we need both theory and history in order to comprehend the transition to modern economic growth. He appreciates that this transition was neither inevitable as many theorists argue nor entirely contingent as historical treatments often suggest. He argues that advice to present-day less developed countries should combine a general understanding of the process of transition with detailed analysis of the history and conditions of the country in question. He appreciates that it makes sense to speak of an Industrial Revolution while also recognizing that this was a gradual process that in turn built upon even more gradual changes in earlier centuries in the British economy. Less obviously but importantly he realizes that we can best understand economic growth if we recognize the limitations of each scholarly approach in order to integrate the best of these. Rick Szostak, University of Alberta, Canada This fascinating book considers one of the most important problems in economics: the inception of modern economic development. There is at present no satisfactory explanation of the inception of modern economic development; an excessive focus on either pure theory or on unique histories limits the explanatory power. This book realises the need to integrate the two approaches, moving beyond the proximate causes of economic theory to review the role in an analytic narrative of significant ultimate causes geography, risk environments, human capital, and institutions. Colin White distils the conclusions of a vast literature, drawing from economics, economic history and business and management, exploring economic theory, demonstrating limitations and highlighting alternative approaches. Particular attention is paid to the appropriate role of innovative entrepreneurs and of government, and three case studies illustrate how to build an analytic narrative. Showing how far we can generalise about the determinants of economic development and in particular how to understand the specific determinants in individual countries, this book will prove a stimulating and thought provoking read to academics, students and researchers with an interest in economics and economic development.

From Poverty to Power: Or The Realization Of Prosperity And Peace

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Author :
Publisher : Oregan Publishing
ISBN 13 : 2291061100
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis From Poverty to Power: Or The Realization Of Prosperity And Peace by : James Allen

Download or read book From Poverty to Power: Or The Realization Of Prosperity And Peace written by James Allen and published by Oregan Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-16 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Divided City

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Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1610917812
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Divided City by : Alan Mallach

Download or read book The Divided City written by Alan Mallach and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Divided City, urban practitioner and scholar Alan Mallach presents a detailed picture of what has happened over the past 15 to 20 years in industrial cities like Pittsburgh and Baltimore, as they have undergone unprecedented, unexpected revival. He spotlights these changes while placing them in their larger economic, social and political context. Most importantly, he explores the pervasive significance of race in American cities, and looks closely at the successes and failures of city governments, nonprofit entities, and citizens as they have tried to address the challenges of change. The Divided City concludes with strategies to foster greater equality and opportunity, firmly grounding them in the cities' economic and political realities.

Poverty and Austerity amid Prosperity

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Author :
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1487509855
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty and Austerity amid Prosperity by : Gregg M. Olsen

Download or read book Poverty and Austerity amid Prosperity written by Gregg M. Olsen and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In wealthy nations such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, issues of poverty and homelessness have often been displaced or sidelined by the accelerating number of studies on income inequality and wealth disparity. In Poverty and Austerity amid Prosperity, Gregg M. Olsen refocuses our attention on rising levels of poverty and homelessness, suggesting what we can do to address these issues. Highlighting the important differences between Canada, the UK, and the US, this volume explores the broad and narrow ways that poverty and homelessness have been conceptualized, and how this has shaped the way they are defined, measured, and addressed in each country. After a careful examination of poverty in these three countries, the volume draws comparisons with European nations that have been more successful in keeping issues relating to poverty under control. Olsen presents and critically contrasts the two main theoretical traditions, individual versus society, that have emerged to explain poverty and homelessness. Olsen argues that societal approaches to the study of poverty are better equipped to explain the developments unfolding across these nations, and that the eradication of poverty will only happen when the socio-economic system has been seriously overhauled and founded upon economic democracy."--

Why Nations Fail

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Publisher : Crown Currency
ISBN 13 : 0307719235
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Nations Fail by : Daron Acemoglu

Download or read book Why Nations Fail written by Daron Acemoglu and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine? Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are? Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Korea, to take just one of their fascinating examples, is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions—with no end in sight. The differences between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories. Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including: - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West? - Are America’s best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority? - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson’s breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions? Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at—and understand—the world.

From Poverty to Prosperity

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis From Poverty to Prosperity by : Boris Begović

Download or read book From Poverty to Prosperity written by Boris Begović and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The End of Development

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Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1786990229
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (869 download)

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Book Synopsis The End of Development by : Andrew Brooks

Download or read book The End of Development written by Andrew Brooks and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did some countries grow rich while others remained poor? Human history unfolded differently across the globe. The world is separated in to places of poverty and prosperity. Tracing the long arc of human history from hunter gatherer societies to the early twenty first century in an argument grounded in a deep understanding of geography, Andrew Brooks rejects popular explanations for the divergence of nations. This accessible and illuminating volume shows how the wealth of ‘the West’ and poverty of ‘the rest’ stem not from environmental factors or some unique European cultural, social or technological qualities, but from the expansion of colonialism and the rise of America. Brooks puts the case that international inequality was moulded by capitalist development over the last 500 years. After the Second World War, international aid projects failed to close the gap between ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ nations and millions remain impoverished. Rather than address the root causes of inequality, overseas development assistance exacerbate the problems of an uneven world by imposing crippling debts and destructive neoliberal policies on poor countries. But this flawed form of development is now coming to an end, as the emerging economies of Asia and Africa begin to assert themselves on the world stage. The End of Development provides a compelling account of how human history unfolded differently in varied regions of the world. Brooks argues that we must now seize the opportunity afforded by today’s changing economic geography to transform attitudes towards inequality and to develop radical new approaches to addressing global poverty, as the alternative is to accept that impoverishment is somehow part of the natural order of things.

A Fork in the Road

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781734865509
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (655 download)

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Book Synopsis A Fork in the Road by : Vidar Ligard

Download or read book A Fork in the Road written by Vidar Ligard and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make your dreams come true! A Fork in the Road is a handbook for a successful, satisfying life. This book will not just motivate and inspire you, but it gives you practical steps for growing in areas that are necessary for fulfillment and success. Using proven Biblical wisdom, it helps you understand the underlying thought processes and the mindset that produces growth. God wants each person to prosper so that we can all be contributors and producers in society. When we learn to enjoy enriching the lives of others, we will in turn be rewarded with a rich and satisfying life. The book covers practical areas like innovation, personal financial management, people skills, vision and goal setting. Each area is filled with practical advice and real life stories that illustrate the principles taught. FROM THE BACK COVER Have you ever wished your life was different? Do you dream of having a bigger purpose, a better job, or a more meaningful life? Or maybe you have a goal or a dream, but don't know how to make it happen. Just like there is a proven path to the top of a mountain, there is a proven way to win in life! Wishing, praying, believing, and expecting is good, but things will not happen unless you consistently and persistently keep working towards your goal. This book gives you the life lessons you were not taught in school and that the church did not tell you. You are at a fork in the road and have the power to choose poverty or prosperity! ABOUT THE AUTHOR Vidar Ligard has trained leaders and transformed people in East Africa since 1999. He has helped countless people grow into excellent leaders by teaching practical principles founded on the Word of God. Through Bible schools, seminars, character development, and coaching, Vidar's teaching is helping people come out of poverty, grow churches, build businesses, fight corruption, and mature leaders who reach thousands of people every day. Vidar and his wife, Cathrine, founded Safari Mission, a nonprofit mission organization based in Tulsa, OK. WHAT OTHERS ARE SAYING "This teaching is empowering people" -Pastor Justus Kaloki "It's not only about spiritual matters. It's also about practical things. I was an overseer of less than 20 churches and today the churches have grown to over 100. The teaching is very practical, and it is helping people!" -Rev Titus Munuve "With this kind of teaching, people will understand what they are supposed to do" -Peter Kathuro

The Rise from Poverty to Prosperity

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Author :
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1491871008
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise from Poverty to Prosperity by : Kerwin Liverpool

Download or read book The Rise from Poverty to Prosperity written by Kerwin Liverpool and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2014-03-07 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kerwin’s youth was riddled with adversity, which culminated in a criminal record. Doomed to fail, he decided to fight for his goal of attaining remarkable success. This intimate biography of a young man’s struggle to ascend the socio-economic ladder will propel you to rise and pursue your dreams.

Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816034
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020 by : World Bank

Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-12-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of the biennial Poverty and Shared Prosperity report brings sobering news. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and its associated economic crisis, compounded by the effects of armed conflict and climate change, are reversing hard-won gains in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. The fight to end poverty has suffered its worst setback in decades after more than 20 years of progress. The goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030, already at risk before the pandemic, is now beyond reach in the absence of swift, significant, and sustained action, and the objective of advancing shared prosperity—raising the incomes of the poorest 40 percent in each country—will be much more difficult. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune presents new estimates of COVID-19's impacts on global poverty and shared prosperity. Harnessing fresh data from frontline surveys and economic simulations, it shows that pandemic-related job losses and deprivation worldwide are hitting already poor and vulnerable people hard, while also shifting the profile of global poverty to include millions of 'new poor.' Original analysis included in the report shows that the new poor are more urban, better educated, and less likely to work in agriculture than those living in extreme poverty before COVID-19. It also gives new estimates of the impact of conflict and climate change, and how they overlap. These results are important for targeting policies to safeguard lives and livelihoods. It shows how some countries are acting to reverse the crisis, protect those most vulnerable, and promote a resilient recovery. These findings call for urgent action. If the global response fails the world's poorest and most vulnerable people now, the losses they have experienced to date will be minimal compared with what lies ahead. Success over the long term will require much more than stopping COVID-19. As efforts to curb the disease and its economic fallout intensify, the interrupted development agenda in low- and middle-income countries must be put back on track. Recovering from today's reversals of fortune requires tackling the economic crisis unleashed by COVID-19 with a commitment proportional to the crisis itself. In doing so, countries can also plant the seeds for dealing with the long-term development challenges of promoting inclusive growth, capital accumulation, and risk prevention—particularly the risks of conflict and climate change.

Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464813604
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 by : World Bank

Download or read book Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank Group has two overarching goals: End extreme poverty by 2030 and promote shared prosperity by boosting the incomes of the bottom 40 percent of the population in each economy. As this year’s Poverty and Shared Prosperity report documents, the world continues to make progress toward these goals. In 2015, approximately one-tenth of the world’s population lived in extreme poverty, and the incomes of the bottom 40 percent rose in 77 percent of economies studied. But success cannot be taken for granted. Poverty remains high in Sub- Saharan Africa, as well as in fragile and conflict-affected states. At the same time, most of the world’s poor now live in middle-income countries, which tend to have higher national poverty lines. This year’s report tracks poverty comparisons at two higher poverty thresholds—$3.20 and $5.50 per day—which are typical of standards in lower- and upper-middle-income countries. In addition, the report introduces a societal poverty line based on each economy’s median income or consumption. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle also recognizes that poverty is not only about income and consumption—and it introduces a multidimensional poverty measure that adds other factors, such as access to education, electricity, drinking water, and sanitation. It also explores how inequality within households could affect the global profile of the poor. All these additional pieces enrich our understanding of the poverty puzzle, bringing us closer to solving it. For more information, please visit worldbank.org/PSP

The Lie of Global Prosperity

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Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1583677674
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis The Lie of Global Prosperity by : Seth Donnelly

Download or read book The Lie of Global Prosperity written by Seth Donnelly and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deconstruction of the neoliberal placations about global capitalism, exposing the inequalities of global poverty “We’re making headway on global poverty,” trills Bill Gates. “Decline of Global Extreme Poverty Continues,” reports the World Bank. “How did the global poverty rate halve in 20 years?” inquires The Economist. Seth Donnelly answers: “It didn’t!” In fact, according to Donnelly, virtually nothing about these glad tidings proclaiming plummeting global poverty rates is true. It’s just that trend-setting neoliberal experts and institutions need us to believe that global capitalism, now unfettered in the wake of the Cold War and bolstered by Information Technology, has ushered in a new phase of international human prosperity. This short book deconstructs the assumption that global poverty has fallen dramatically, and lays bare the spurious methods of poverty measurement and data on which the dominant prosperity narrative depends. Here is carefully researched documentation that global poverty—and the inequalities and misery that flourish within it—remains massive, afflicting the majority of the world’s population. Donnelly goes further to analyze just how global poverty, rather than being reduced, is actually reproduced by the imperatives of capital accumulation on a global scale. Just as the global, environmental catastrophe cannot be resolved within capitalism, rooted as it is in contemporary mechanisms of exploitation and plunder, neither can human poverty be effectively eliminated by neoliberal “advances.”

From Poverty to Prosperity

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Author :
Publisher : Encounter Books
ISBN 13 : 1594032505
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis From Poverty to Prosperity by : Arnold S. Kling

Download or read book From Poverty to Prosperity written by Arnold S. Kling and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2009 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional economists lean on the comfortable precision of mathematical abstraction and ignore the messy complexity of the real world. This work tells a big-picture story about the differences in the standard of living across time and across borders.

Free Trade and Prosperity

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190914505
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Trade and Prosperity by : Arvind Panagariya

Download or read book Free Trade and Prosperity written by Arvind Panagariya and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguments for protection and against free trade have seen a revival in developed countries such as the United States and Great Britain as well as developing countries such as India. Given the clear benefits trade openness has brought everywhere, this is a surprising development. The benefits of free trade are especially great for emerging market economies. FreeÂTrade and ProsperityÂoffers the first full-scale defense of pro-free-trade policies with developing countries at its center. Arvind Panagariya, a professor at Columbia University and former top economic advisor to the government of India, supplies a historically informed analysis of many longstanding but flawed arguments for protection. He starts with an insightful overview of the positive case for free trade, and then closely examines the various contentions of protectionists. One protectionist argument is that "infant" industries need time to grow and become competitive, and thus should be sheltered. Other arguments are that emerging markets are especially prone to coordination failures, they are in need of diversification of their production structures, and they suffer from market imperfections. The panoply of protectionist arguments, including those for import substitution industrialization, fails when subject to close logical and empirical scrutiny. Free trade and outward-oriented policies are preconditions to both sustained rapid growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Panagariya provides compelling evidence demonstrating the failures of protectionism and the promise of free trade using detailed case studies of successful countries such as Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, China and India. Low or declining barriers to free trade and high or rising shares of trade in total income have been key elements in the sustained rapid growth and poverty alleviation in these countries and many others. Free trade is like oxygen: the benefits are ubiquitous and not noticed until they are no longer there. This important book is an essential reminder of the costs of protectionism.