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Author : Naveen A. Malik
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)
Download or read book Frequency-dependent Response of Neurons to Oscillating Electric Fields written by Naveen A. Malik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Naveed A. Malik
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)
Download or read book Frequency-dependent Response of Neurons to Oscillating Electric Fields written by Naveed A. Malik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal interactions with electric fields depend on the biophysical properties of the neuronal membrane as well as the geometry of the cell relative to the field vector. Biophysically detailed modeling of these spatial effects is central to understanding neuron-to-neuron electrical (ephaptic) interactions as well as how externally applied electrical fields, such as radio-frequency radiation from wireless devices or therapeutic Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), interact with neurons. Here we examine in detail the shape-dependent response properties of cells in oscillating electrical fields by solving Maxwell's equations for geometrically extended neurons. Early modeling for compact (spherical) cells in alternating fields predicts a smaller effective membrane time constant for the field-cell system compared to direct current injection via whole-cell patch clamp. This result, predicting that cells should respond strongly to field oscillations in the kHz range, was verified later in vitro for murine myeloma cells. However, recent experiments on CA3 pyramidal cells (highly elongated neurons) in the hippocampus do not exhibit this high frequency response. In this thesis we examine the implications of modeling full two-way coupling between three-dimensional cylindrical neurons and the extracellular field utilizing three different methodologies, namely: cable equation, finite-difference and finite-element. Our modeling demonstrates that the electrotonic length and orientation of the cell to the field are key determinants of the neuronal response to oscillating fields. This explains the experimentally observed absence of the high frequency response for pyramidal neurons when the applied field direction is oriented along their dendritic axis. Additionally, we developed biophysically detailed models of neuronal membranes with quasi-active electrical properties stemming from voltage-gated currents. These are known to lead to resonances at characteristic frequencies in the case of current injection via whole-cell patch clamp. Interestingly, in the field-cell system, the resonance was masked in compact, spherical neurons but recovered in elongated neurons. Utilizing our cable and finite-element models, we investigate the effect of point-source stimulation on cylindrical neurons and find a novel type of "passive resonance" not reported before in the literature. We further extend our modeling by incorporating Hodgkin Huxley channels in to the membrane and construct a fully active, spiking model of a neuron, fully coupled to the applied electric fields. We then go on to embed the neuron in to an array of cells to validate our results at the tissue-level. These findings delineate the relationship between neuron shape, orientation and susceptibility to high frequency electric fields, with implications for DBS efficacy, ephaptic coupling in networks and the filtering properties of cortical tissue.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444635475
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)
Download or read book Computational Neurostimulation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Neurostimulation, the latest volume in the Progress in Brain Research series provides an introduction to a nascent field with contributions from leading researchers. In addition, it addresses a very timely and relevant issue which has long been known to require more treatment. Part of a well-established international series that examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging subfields Provides an introduction to a nascent field with contributions from leading researchers
Author : Hua-an Tseng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (773 download)
Download or read book Frequency-dependent Properties of Neurons and Synapses in an Oscillatory Network written by Hua-an Tseng and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oscillatory activities form neural networks are involved in many behaviors, and animals need to be able to control the frequencies of these activities to respond to the environmental challenges. Neurons in many systems have frequency-dependent properties and preferred frequencies (also known as resonance). We hypothesize that the activity frequency of an oscillatory network is determined by the preferred frequencies of the neurons and of the synapses in the network. We examined this hypothesis by investigating the frequency-dependent properties of the neurons and of the synapses in the pyloric network in the crab Cancer borealis. We also examined what factors affect the preferred frequencies and how changing in these factors influence the frequency of the network activity. We first showed that the preferred frequency of neurons could be measured with the voltage-clamp technique. Measuring the preferred frequency with the voltage-clamp technique allowed us to have a full control of the voltage range and the waveform of the oscillation. By shifting the voltage range of the oscillation, we found that the pacemaker PD neuron has a higher preferred frequency when it is oscillating at a higher voltage range, and the preferred frequency of the follower LP neuron is only affected by the upper bound of the oscillation. The PD neuron also has different preferred frequencies when oscillating with different waveforms. Specifically, one waveform parameter, the 75 - 100% rising slope, showed a negative correlation with the preferred frequency. After knowing that the voltage range and the waveform of the oscillation are correlated with the preferred frequency, we used dynamic clamp to alter the voltage range and the waveform of the PD oscillation during the ongoing activity and measured the pyloric frequency. Based on our hypothesis, we expected the voltage range and the waveform would have similar effects on the pyloric frequency as they do on the preferred frequency. Indeed, our result showed that the shifts in the pyloric frequency during the dynamic clamp experiments could be explained by the changes in the voltage range and in the waveform parameters. Finally, we examined the frequency-dependencies of the amplitude and the phase of the synaptic current. The amplitudes of the synaptic currents between the AB/PD and LP neuron showed preferred frequencies. Interestingly, the preferred frequencies of the synapses were significantly lower than those of the presynaptic neurons and also than the pyloric frequency. While the voltage range of the presynaptic PD oscillation did not affect the preferred frequency of the AB/PD to LP synapse, the preferred frequency of the LP to PD synapse was higher when the upper bound, but not the lower bound, of the LP oscillation was increased. Moreover, the strength of the synaptic resonance depended on the upper bound of the presynaptic oscillation. To produce the strongest resonance, the upper bound of the presynaptic oscillation need to be within the voltage range at which the synapse is most sensitive to the presynaptic membrane potential. In addition to the amplitude, the phase of the synapses also showed frequency-dependence. At low frequencies (1 Hz), the synaptic current reached its peak before the presynaptic membrane potential did, and this phase relationship reversed at high frequencies ( 1 Hz). Overall, in this study, we demonstrated that many properties of the neurons and synapses depend on the frequency of the oscillation and have preferred frequencies. Moreover, these preferred frequencies can be regulated by many factors, including the voltage range and the waveform of the oscillation. Because some of these frequency-dependent properties are able to influence the network frequency, the factors affecting their preferred frequencies could change the network frequency in the same way. As a result, the frequency of an oscillatory network is not determined by a single factor, but by the dynamic interactions among the frequency-dependent properties of the network components.
Author : Marko S. Markov
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482248514
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine written by Marko S. Markov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a biophysical approach, Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine provides state-of-the-art knowledge on both the biological and therapeutic effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs). The reader is guided through explanations of general problems related to the benefits and hazards of EMFs, step-by-step engineering processes, and basic r
Author : Sergey Makarov
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030212939
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Brain and Human Body Modeling written by Sergey Makarov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modeling with specific emphasis in the areas of neurology and neuroelectromagnetics, depression and cancer treatments, radio-frequency studies and wireless communications. Special consideration is also given to the use of human modeling to the computational assessment of relevant regulatory and safety requirements. Readers working on applications that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book’s coverage of the latest developments in computational modelling and human phantom development to assess a given technology’s safety and efficacy in a timely manner. Describes construction and application of computational human models including anatomically detailed and subject specific models; Explains new practices in computational human modeling for neuroelectromagnetics, electromagnetic safety, and exposure evaluations; Includes a survey of modern applications for which computational human models are critical; Describes cellular-level interactions between the human body and electromagnetic fields.
Author : Charles Polk
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849306419
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Third Edition - 2 Volume Set written by Charles Polk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-12-21 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book has been recognized as the standard reference on biological effects of electric and magnetic fields from DC to microwaves. But much has changed in this science since the book's original publication in 1986. With contributions from eighteen leading researchers, this latest edition includes authoritative discussions of many new developments and will quickly become the new, must-have resource handbook. Dielectric properties of biological tissue are thoroughly examined, followed by chapters on physical mechanisms and biological effects of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields. New chapters on topics that were treated very briefly in the first edition now receive extensive treatment. These topics include electric and magnetic fields for bone and soft tissue repair, electroporation, and epidemiology of ELF health effects. The chapter on computer methods for predicting field intensity has been substantially revised to describe new numerical techniques developed within the last few years and includes calculations of power absorbed in the human head from cellular telephones. The chapter discussing experimental results on RF interaction with living matter now contains information on effects of very high power, very short duration pulses. A new appendix on safety standards is based on the latest publications of governmental, as well as quasi-governmental organizations (such as the U.S. Council on Radiation Protection) in the United States, Europe, and Australia. With all its revisions, this updated version of the CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields provides the most comprehensive overview available of this rapidly changing science.
Author : Ben Greenebaum
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351737546
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, Fourth Edition written by Ben Greenebaum and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes of this new edition of the Handbook cover the basic biological, medical, physical, and electrical engineering principles. They also include experimental results concerning how electric and magnetic fields affect biological systems—both as potential hazards to health and potential tools for medical treatment and scientific research. They also include material on the relationship between the science and the regulatory processes concerning human exposure to the fields. Like its predecessors, this edition is intended to be useful as a reference book but also for introducing the reader to bioelectromagnetics or some of its aspects. FEATURES New topics include coverage of electromagnetic effects in the terahertz region, effects on plants, and explicitly applying feedback concepts to the analysis of biological electromagnetic effects Expanded coverage of electromagnetic brain stimulation, characterization and modeling of epithelial wounds, and recent lab experiments on at all frequencies Section on background for setting standards and precautionary principle Discussion of recent epidemiological, laboratory, and theoretical results; including: WHO IARC syntheses of epidemiological results on both high and low frequency fields, IITRI lab study of cancer in mice exposed to cell phone-like radiation, and other RF studies All chapters updated by internationally acknowledged experts in the field
Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128054093
Total Pages : 5215 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 5215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion
Author : Jitendra Behari
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000707083
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Radio Frequency and Microwave Effects on Biological Tissues written by Jitendra Behari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focussing on engineering aspects of RF/Microwave interaction with biological tissues This book discusses the advancement in bio-electromagnetics pertaining to this important issue of electromagentic field-bio interaction vis-a-vis the emission of electromagnetic radiations from mobile phones and their biological fallout. Divided into six chapters, it discusses basic issues in Electromagnetic Field-Biointeraction, dosimetery, instrumentation, and methods of measurement of specific absorption rate, criteria and magnitude of safe exposure and measurements of field in an open (unobstructed) environment.
Author : Ben Greenebaum
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420009478
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields written by Ben Greenebaum and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields primarily contains discussions on the physics, engineering, and chemical aspects of electromagnetic (EM) fields at both the molecular level and larger scales, and investigates their interactions with biological systems. The first volume of the bestselling and newly updated Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Third Edition, this book adds material describing recent theoretical developments, as well as new data on material properties and interactions with weak and strong static magnetic fields. Newly separated and expanded chapters describe the external and internal electromagnetic environments of organisms and recent developments in the use of RF fields for imaging. Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields provides an accessible overview of the current understanding on the scientific underpinnings of these interactions, as well as a partial introduction to experiments on the interactions themselves.
Author : Gyorgy Buzsaki
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019804125X
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Rhythms of the Brain written by Gyorgy Buzsaki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-03 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. In a sequence of "cycles," György Buzsáki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing-accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge-is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2432 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Author : Ru-Rong Ji
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031292316
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)
Download or read book Neuroimmune Interactions in Pain written by Ru-Rong Ji and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As lifespans increase, more people around the world find themselves victims of chronic pain. In spite of this, treatment options continue to be severely limited. Anti-inflammatory drugs can only do so much, while painkillers like opioids have led to crippling addictions and fatal overdoses. The subject of the book is the role of immune cells, including glial cells, and neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain. The book begins by examining the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the involvement of non-neuronal cells in chronic pain. It discusses the interactions between non-neuronal cells and neurons in the regulation of chronic pain. It then presents the implications of these findings, including promising and emerging treatments such as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs, such as resolvins and protectins), immune cell therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine, as well as neuromodulation and regenerative medicine, which may prove to be the turning point for hundreds of millions of patients world-wide who struggle to escape from the shadow of chronic pain. The book presents ground-breaking research that will alter current perspectives on chronic pain.
Author : Martino Gandolfo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461320992
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)
Download or read book Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields written by Martino Gandolfo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors are pleased to present these Proceedings of the V Course of the "International School of Radiation Damage and Pro tection" of the "E. Majorana Centre", held in Erice (Italy) in No vember 1983. The lectures and discussions among leading scientists in various disciplines of physics, engineering, biophysics, cellular biology, physiology and medicine from 11 countries are included in this compilation. In this volume we have attempted to explore all aspects of the interaction of static and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF: 0-300 Hz) electric and magnetic fields with biological tissue, systems and whole organisms; we considered dosimetry and what is known or pre sumed concerning basic interactions, responses from the cellular and molecular level to the whole organism. Discussions of medical appli cations as well as epidemiologic investigations related to high volt age transmission were held with critiques of methodologies used and recommendations for future approaches. Consideration was also given to the necessity and principles of setting protection standards for man and the environment. We believe this is the first attempt to put all this informa tion together into one volume to provide perspective for understand ing the influence of static and ELF electric and magnetic fields on biological systems. We hope our attempts were successful. Martino Grandolfo Sol M. Michaelson Alessandro Rindi v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the Fifth Course of the International School of Radia tion Damage and Protection of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Sci entific Culture directed by Professor A. Zichichi.
Author : B. Jon Klauenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489909451
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Radiofrequency Radiation Standards written by B. Jon Klauenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints.
Author : Michael Joseph McCarron
Publisher : TrineDay
ISBN 13 : 1634244257
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (342 download)
Download or read book BattleSpace of Mind written by Michael Joseph McCarron and published by TrineDay. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nazi's never surrendered and planned their 4th Reich using neurocognitive weapons. Going underground their technology made it's way to S. America, the Soviet Union, the United States, among other places. We all are bound by the new rules of corporate fascism, long planned by Himmler, and his main strategy for a 4th Reich, financial control. Are we all just living in a computer-controlled information battlespace continued from World War II? This book dissects the matrix of control used by advanced military industrial powers; it breaks down the technology bit by bit so you have an understanding how technology is being used in a battle for your mind. I address these issues from a veteran's insight as a former Signal Intelligence specialist and with some background in the Intelligence Community, I bring forth countermeasures to this control, showing you how you can safeguard your mind from these attacks. Countermeasures that are not available anywhere in the commercial world, yet without them you will be easy prey for these directed targeted pulse modulated attacks first used by the Nazis.
