Formal Theories Of Information

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Formal Theories of Information

Author : Giovanni Sommaruga
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642006590
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Theories of Information by : Giovanni Sommaruga

Download or read book Formal Theories of Information written by Giovanni Sommaruga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-04-07 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is commonly assumed that computers process information. But what is inf- mation? In a technical, important, but nevertheless rather narrow sense, Sh- non’sinformationtheorygivesa?rstanswertothisquestion.Thistheoryfocuses on measuring the information content of a message. Essentially this measure is the reduction of the uncertainty obtained by receiving a message. The unc- tainty of a situation of ignorance in turn is measured by entropy. This theory hashad an immense impact on the technologyof information storage,data c- pression, information transmission and coding and still is a very active domain of research. Shannon’s theory has also attractedmuch interest in a more philosophic look at information, although it was readily remarked that it is only a “syntactic” theory of information and neglects “semantic” issues. Several attempts have been made in philosophy to give information theory a semantic ?avor, but still mostly based on or at least linked to Shannon’s theory. Approaches to semantic informationtheoryalsoveryoftenmakeuseofformallogic.Thereby,information is linked to reasoning, deduction and inference, as well as to decision making. Further, entropy and related measure were soon found to have important connotations with regard to statistical inference. Surely, statistical data and observation represent information, information about unknown, hidden para- ters. Thus a whole branch of statistics developed around concepts of Shannon’s information theory or derived from them. Also some proper measurements - propriate for statistics, like Fisher’s information, were proposed.

Formal Theories of Information

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788364200656
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Theories of Information by :

Download or read book Formal Theories of Information written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the scientific outcome of a joint effort of the computer science departments of the universities of Berne, Fribourg and Neuchâtel. Within an initiative devoted to "Information and Knowledge", these research groups collaborated over several years on issues of logic, probability, inference, and deduction. The goal of this volume is to examine whether there is any common ground between the different approaches to the concept of information. The structure of this book could be represented by a circular model, with an innermost syntactical circle, comprising statistical and algorithmic approaches; a second, larger circle, the semantical one, in which "meaning" enters the stage; and finally an outermost circle, the pragmatic one, casting light on real-life logical reasoning. These articles are complemented by two philosophical contributions exploring the wide conceptual field as well as taking stock of the articles on the various formal theories of information

Formal Theories of Information

Author : Giovanni Sommaruga
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642006582
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Theories of Information by : Giovanni Sommaruga

Download or read book Formal Theories of Information written by Giovanni Sommaruga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the scientific outcome of a joint effort of the computer science departments of the universities of Berne, Fribourg and Neuchâtel. Within an initiative devoted to "Information and Knowledge", these research groups collaborated over several years on issues of logic, probability, inference, and deduction. The goal of this volume is to examine whether there is any common ground between the different approaches to the concept of information. The structure of this book could be represented by a circular model, with an innermost syntactical circle, comprising statistical and algorithmic approaches; a second, larger circle, the semantical one, in which "meaning" enters the stage; and finally an outermost circle, the pragmatic one, casting light on real-life logical reasoning. These articles are complemented by two philosophical contributions exploring the wide conceptual field as well as taking stock of the articles on the various formal theories of information.

Formal Theories of Truth

Author : Jc Beall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192547658
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Formal Theories of Truth by : Jc Beall

Download or read book Formal Theories of Truth written by Jc Beall and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truth is one of the oldest and most central topics in philosophy. Formal theories explore the connections between truth and logic, and they address truth-theoretic paradoxes such as the Liar. Three leading philosopher-logicians now present a concise overview of the main issues and ideas in formal theories of truth. Beall, Glanzberg, and Ripley explain key logical techniques on which such formal theories rely, providing the formal and logical background needed to develop formal theories of truth. They examine the most important truth-theoretic paradoxes, including the Liar paradoxes. They explore approaches that keep principles of truth simple while relying on nonclassical logic; approaches that preserve classical logic but do so by complicating the principles of truth; and approaches based on substructural logics that change the shape of the target consequence relation itself. Finally, inconsistency and revision theories are reviewed, and contrasted with the approaches previously discussed. For any reader who has a basic grounding in logic, this book offers an ideal guide to formal theories of truth.

Theory of Information

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9814469726
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Information by :

Download or read book Theory of Information written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action

Author : Robert C. Moore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action by : Robert C. Moore

Download or read book A Formal Theory of Knowledge and Action written by Robert C. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most work on planning and problem solving within the field of artificial intelligence assumes that the agent has complete knowledge of all relevant aspects of the problem domain and problem situation In the real world, however, planning and acting must frequently be performed without complete knowledge. This imposes two additional burdens on an intelligent agent trying to act effectively. First, when the agent entertains a plan for achieving some goal, he must consider not only whether the physical prerequisites of the plan have been satisfied, but also whether he has all the information necessary to carry out the plan. Second, he must be able to reason about what be can do to obtain necessary information that he lacks. In this paper, we present a theory of action in which these problems are taken into account, showing how to formalize both the knowledge prerequisites of action and the effects of action on knowledge.

Theory of Knowledge

Author : Mark Burgin
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814522694
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Knowledge by : Mark Burgin

Download or read book Theory of Knowledge written by Mark Burgin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to synthesize different directions in knowledge studies into a unified theory of knowledge and knowledge processes. It explicates important relations between knowledge and information. It provides the readers with understanding of the essence and structure of knowledge, explicating operations and process that are based on knowledge and vital for society. The book also highlights how the theory of knowledge paves the way for more advanced design and utilization of computers and networks. Contents:IntroductionKnowledge Characteristics and TypologyKnowledge Evaluation and Validation in the Context of Epistemic StructuresKnowledge Structure and Functioning: Microlevel or Quantum Theory of KnowledgeKnowledge Structure and Functioning: Macrolevel or Theory of Average KnowledgeKnowledge Structure and Functioning: Megalevel or Global Theory of KnowledgeKnowledge Production, Acquisition, Engineering, and ApplicationKnowledge, Data, and InformationConclusion Readership: Graduate students and researchers in artificial intelligence and knowledge management.

A Formal Theory of Commonsense Psychology

Author : Andrew S. Gordon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108509630
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis A Formal Theory of Commonsense Psychology by : Andrew S. Gordon

Download or read book A Formal Theory of Commonsense Psychology written by Andrew S. Gordon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commonsense psychology refers to the implicit theories that we all use to make sense of people's behavior in terms of their beliefs, goals, plans, and emotions. These are also the theories we employ when we anthropomorphize complex machines and computers as if they had humanlike mental lives. In order to successfully cooperate and communicate with people, these theories will need to be represented explicitly in future artificial intelligence systems. This book provides a large-scale logical formalization of commonsense psychology in support of humanlike artificial intelligence. It uses formal logic to encode the deep lexical semantics of the full breadth of psychological words and phrases, providing fourteen hundred axioms of first-order logic organized into twenty-nine commonsense psychology theories and sixteen background theories. This in-depth exploration of human commonsense reasoning for artificial intelligence researchers, linguists, and cognitive and social psychologists will serve as a foundation for the development of humanlike artificial intelligence.

Information Theory

Author : Robert B. Ash
Publisher : Halsted Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Theory by : Robert B. Ash

Download or read book Information Theory written by Robert B. Ash and published by Halsted Press. This book was released on 1965 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Emergent Information

Author : Wolfgang Hofkirchner
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814313483
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Emergent Information by : Wolfgang Hofkirchner

Download or read book Emergent Information written by Wolfgang Hofkirchner and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the dawn of the information age, a proper understanding of information and how it relates to matter and energy is of utmost importance for the survival of civilisation. Yet, attempts to reconcile information concepts underlying science and technology with those en vogue in social science, humanities, and arts are rather rare. This book offers a new approach, departing from fragmented information concepts.Many academics refrain from undergoing unifications, as most undertakings are reductionistic. This book contends that it is the noble task of an as-yet-to-be-developed science of information to go one step in the direction of a unified theory of information without falling back into neither reduction nor anthropomorphisation.To be able to succeed in an ambitious task like this, the book advocates the application of complex systems theory and its philosophical underpinnings. Information needs to be interpreted in terms of self-organisation to do justice to the richness of its manifestations. The way the book does so will provide the reader with a deep insight into a basic feature of our world.The following are discussed in the volume: A Science of Information; A New Way of Thinking; Praxio-Onto-Epistemology; Evolutionary Systems Design; Evolutionary Systems Ontology; Evolutionary Systems Methodology; Capurro's Information Concept Trilemma; A Multi-Stage Model of Evolutionary Types of Information: Pattern Formation, Code-Making, and Constituting Sense; A Triple-C Model of Systemic Functions of Information: Cognising, Communicating, and Co-Operating; Nine Categories of Information Capabilities: Reflectivity (physical), Psyche (biotic), Consciousness (human); Connectivity (physical), Signalability (biotic), Languageability (human); Cohesiveness (physical), Coherency (biotic), Communitarity (human); Nine Categories of Information: Response (physical), Flexible Response (biotic), Reflexion (human); Correspondences (physical), Signals (biotic), Symbolic Acts (human); Assemblage (physical), Assignment (biotic), Association (human); A Unified Theory of Information for, about, and by means of the Information Society.

Social Work Theories in Context

Author : Karen Healy
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1137024259
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Work Theories in Context by : Karen Healy

Download or read book Social Work Theories in Context written by Karen Healy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular and innovative core text book explores contemporary social work theories and perspectives in a systematic way, using an integrated and flexible framework to link context, theory, and practice approaches. Healy expertly provides an applied guide to social work theory across a range of organisational contexts, showing social work as a diverse activity that is profoundly shaped by professional purpose, public policy, and practice locations. This is ideal reading to support and develop undergraduate and postgraduate students taking modules on Social Work Theories and Methods on qualifying professional programmes. Its international breadth and supportive pedagogical features have ensured the book's value to students of social work all over the world. New to this Edition: - A greater focus on service user perspectives - Coverage is extended to include solution focused therapy and empowerment theories as well as discussion of the evidence-based practice debate - Discussion of the use and limits of critical reflection in practice

Intelligent Agents II - Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages

Author : Michael Wooldridge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540608059
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Agents II - Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages by : Michael Wooldridge

Download or read book Intelligent Agents II - Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages written by Michael Wooldridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-01-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the second International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, held in conjunction with the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'95 in Montreal, Canada in August 1995. The 26 papers are revised final versions of the workshop presentations selected from a total of 54 submissions; also included is a comprehensive introduction, a detailed bibliography listing 355 relevant publications, and a subject index. The book is structured into seven sections, reflecting the most current major directions in agent-related research. Together with its predecessor, Intelligent Agents, published as volume 890 in the LNAI series, this book provides a timely and comprehensive state-of-the-art report.

The Mathematical Theory of Communication

Author : Claude E Shannon
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 025209803X
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mathematical Theory of Communication by : Claude E Shannon

Download or read book The Mathematical Theory of Communication written by Claude E Shannon and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1998-09-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific knowledge grows at a phenomenal pace--but few books have had as lasting an impact or played as important a role in our modern world as The Mathematical Theory of Communication, published originally as a paper on communication theory more than fifty years ago. Republished in book form shortly thereafter, it has since gone through four hardcover and sixteen paperback printings. It is a revolutionary work, astounding in its foresight and contemporaneity. The University of Illinois Press is pleased and honored to issue this commemorative reprinting of a classic.

Systems Science and Collaborative Information Systems: Theories, Practices and New Research

Author : Currás, Emilia
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1613502028
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Systems Science and Collaborative Information Systems: Theories, Practices and New Research by : Currás, Emilia

Download or read book Systems Science and Collaborative Information Systems: Theories, Practices and New Research written by Currás, Emilia and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2011-11-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent changes in information science have emerged as a result of challenges faced by the business, social, and scientific worlds, as well as continued progress in information and communication technologies. Organizations have begun to seek collaborative and joint efforts that allow them to better participate in challenging and competitive opportunities. This is illustrated by the creation of highly integrated supply chains, virtual libraries and organizations, and virtual laboratories. Systems Science and Collaborative Information Systems: Theories, Practices and New Research examines the impact of new information services on day-to-day activities from a range of contemporary technical and socio-cultural perspectives. This collection also creates a sound theoretical basis for information systems and new research opportunities in the field.

Rough Computing: Theories, Technologies and Applications

Author : Hassanien, Aboul Ella
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1599045540
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Rough Computing: Theories, Technologies and Applications by : Hassanien, Aboul Ella

Download or read book Rough Computing: Theories, Technologies and Applications written by Hassanien, Aboul Ella and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers key rough computing research, surveying a full range of topics and examining defining issues of the field.

Theories of Probability

Author : Terrence L. Fine
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483263894
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Theories of Probability by : Terrence L. Fine

Download or read book Theories of Probability written by Terrence L. Fine and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories of Probability: An Examination of Foundations reviews the theoretical foundations of probability, with emphasis on concepts that are important for the modeling of random phenomena and the design of information processing systems. Topics covered range from axiomatic comparative and quantitative probability to the role of relative frequency in the measurement of probability. Computational complexity and random sequences are also discussed. Comprised of nine chapters, this book begins with an introduction to different types of probability theories, followed by a detailed account of axiomatic formalizations of comparative and quantitative probability and the relations between them. Subsequent chapters focus on the Kolmogorov formalization of quantitative probability; the common interpretation of probability as a limit of the relative frequency of the number of occurrences of an event in repeated, unlinked trials of a random experiment; an improved theory for repeated random experiments; and the classical theory of probability. The book also examines the origin of subjective probability as a by-product of the development of individual judgments into decisions. Finally, it suggests that none of the known theories of probability covers the whole domain of engineering and scientific practice. This monograph will appeal to students and practitioners in the fields of mathematics and statistics as well as engineering and the physical and social sciences.

Handbook of Formal Languages

Author : Grzegorz Rozenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662076756
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Formal Languages by : Grzegorz Rozenberg

Download or read book Handbook of Formal Languages written by Grzegorz Rozenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for a comprehensive survey-type exposition on formal languages and related mainstream areas of computer science has been evident for some years. In the early 1970s, when the book Formal Languages by the second mentioned editor appeared, it was still quite feasible to write a comprehensive book with that title and include also topics of current research interest. This would not be possible anymore. A standard-sized book on formal languages would either have to stay on a fairly low level or else be specialized and restricted to some narrow sector of the field. The setup becomes drastically different in a collection of contributions, where the best authorities in the world join forces, each of them concentrat ing on their own areas of specialization. The present three-volume Handbook constitutes such a unique collection. In these three volumes we present the current state of the art in formallanguage theory. We were most satisfied with the enthusiastic response given to our request for contributions by specialists representing various subfields. The need for a Handbook of Formal Languages was in many answers expressed in different ways: as an easily accessible his torical reference, a general source of information, an overall course-aid, and a compact collection of material for self-study. We are convinced that the final result will satisfy such various needs.