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Flow Velocity Analysis For Avoidance Of Solids Deposition During Transport Of Hanford Tank Waste Slurries
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Book Synopsis Flow Velocity Analysis for Avoidance of Solids Deposition During Transport of Hanford Tank Waste Slurries by :
Download or read book Flow Velocity Analysis for Avoidance of Solids Deposition During Transport of Hanford Tank Waste Slurries written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engineering analysis calculates minimum slurry transport velocities intended to maintain suspensions of solid particulate in slurries. This transport velocity is also known as the slurry flow critical velocity. It is not universally recognized that a transfer line flow velocity in excess of the slurry critical velocity is a requirement to prevent solids deposition and possible line plugging. However, slurry critical velocity seems to be the most prevalent objective measure to prevent solids deposition in transfer lines. The following critical velocity correlations from the literature are investigated: Durand (1953), Spells (1955), Sinclair (1962), Zandi and Gavatos (1967), Babcock (1968), Shook (1969), and Oroskar and Turian (1980). The advantage of these critical velocity correlations is that their use is not reliant upon any measure of bulk slurry viscosity. The input parameters are limited to slurry phase densities and mass fractions, pipe diameter, particle diameter, and viscosity of the pure liquid phase of the slurry. Consequently, the critical velocity calculation does not require determination of system pressure drops. Generalized slurry properties can, therefore, be recommended if the slurry can be adequately described by these variables and if the liquid phase viscosity is known. Analysis of these correlations are presented, indicating that the Oroskar and Turian (1980) models appear to be more conservative for smaller particulate sizes, typically those less than 100 microns diameter. This analysis suggests that the current Tank Farms waste compatibility program criteria may be insufficient to prevent particulate solids settling within slurry composition ranges currently allowed by the waste compatibility program. However, in order to relate a critical velocity associated with a certain slurry composition to a system limit, a means of relating the system capabilities to the slurry composition must be found. Generally, this means expressing the bulk or effective viscosity of the slurry being transferred to some more readily obtainable variable, such as slurry density or solids concentration. No universally recognized model exists to accomplish this, and there is great uncertainty among results from those models that do exist. Following this analysis of critical velocity correlations, a recommendation is made to revise the waste transfer compatibility program criteria relating to solids transport. The new criteria states that a special engineering evaluation is required for any waste transfer that involves particulate solid transport. This evaluation is needed to gain a measure of confidence that the critical velocity for a given slurry composition is within the capabilities of the transfer system.
Book Synopsis Deposition Velocities of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Slurries in Pipelines by :
Download or read book Deposition Velocities of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Slurries in Pipelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WTP pipe plugging issue, as stated by the External Flowsheet Review Team (EFRT) Executive Summary, is as follows: "Piping that transports slurries will plug unless it is properly designed to minimize this risk. This design approach has not been followed consistently, which will lead to frequent shutdowns due to line plugging." A strategy was employed to perform critical-velocity tests on several physical simulants. Critical velocity is defined as the point where a stationary bed of particles deposits on the bottom of a straight horizontal pipe during slurry transport operations. Results from the critical velocity testing provide an indication of slurry stability as a function of fluid rheological properties and transport conditions. The experimental results are compared to the WTP design guide on slurry transport velocity in an effort to confirm minimum waste velocity and flushing velocity requirements as established by calculations and critical line velocity correlations in the design guide. The major findings of this testing is discussed below. Experimental results indicate that the use of the Oroskar and Turian (1980) correlation in the design guide is conservative--Slurry viscosity has a greater affect on particles with a large surface area to mass ratio. The increased viscous forces on these particles result in a decrease in predicted critical velocities from this traditional industry derived equations that focus on particles large than 100 [mu]m in size. Since the Hanford slurry particles generally have large surface area to mass ratios, the reliance on such equations in the Hall (2006) design guide is conservative. Additionally, the use of the 95% percentile particle size as an input to this equation is conservative. However, test results indicate that the use of an average particle density as an input to the equation is not conservative. Particle density has a large influence on the overall result returned by the correlation. Lastly, the viscosity correlation used in the WTP design guide has been shown to be inaccurate for Hanford waste feed materials. The use of the Thomas (1979) correlation in the design guide is not conservative--In cases where 100% of the particles are smaller than 74 [mu]m or particles are considered to be homogeneous due to yield stress forces suspending the particles the homogeneous fraction of the slurry can be set to 100%. In such cases, the predicted critical velocity based on the conservative Oroskar and Turian (1980) correlation is reduced to zero and the design guide returns a value from the Thomas (1979) correlation. The measured data in this report show that the Thomas (1979) correlation predictions often fall below that measured experimental values. A non-Newtonian deposition velocity design guide should be developed for the WTP-- Since the WTP design guide is limited to Newtonian fluids and the WTP expects to process large quantities of such materials, the existing design guide should be modified address such systems. A central experimental finding of this testing is that the flow velocity required to reach turbulent flow increases with slurry rheological properties due to viscous forces dampening the formation of turbulent eddies. The flow becomes dominated by viscous forces rather than turbulent eddies. Since the turbulent eddies necessary for particle transport are not present, the particles will settle when crossing this boundary called the transitional deposition boundary. This deposition mechanism should be expected and designed for in the WTP.
Download or read book Slurry Flow written by C A Shook and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurry Flow: Principles and Practice describes the basic concepts and methods for understanding and designing slurry flow systems, in-plan installations, and long-distance transportation systems. The goal of this book is to enable the design or plant engineer to derive the maximum benefit from a limited amount of test data and to generalize operating experience to new situations. Design procedures are described in detail and are accompanied by illustrative examples needed by engineers with little or no previous experience in slurry transport. The technical literature in this field is extensive: this book facilitates its use by surveying current research results and providing explanations of mechanistic flow models. This discussion of background scientific principles helps the practitioner to better interpret test data, select pumps, specify materials of construction, and choose measuring devises for slurry transport systems. The extensive range of topics covered in Slurry Flow: Principles and practice includes slurry rheology, homogeneous and heterogeneous slurry flow principles, wear mechanisms, pumping equipment, instrumentation, and operating aspects.
Book Synopsis Solid-liquid Flow Slurry Pipeline Transportation by : Edward J. Wasp
Download or read book Solid-liquid Flow Slurry Pipeline Transportation written by Edward J. Wasp and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of the Critical Deposition Velocity in Slurry Transport Through a Horizontal Pipe by :
Download or read book Measurement of the Critical Deposition Velocity in Slurry Transport Through a Horizontal Pipe written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Deposition Velocity (CDV) is an important design and operational parameter in slurry transport. Almost all existing correlations that are used to predict this parameter have been obtained experimentally from slurry transport tests featuring single solid species in the slurry mixture. No correlations have been obtained to describe this parameter when the slurry mixture contains more than one solid species having a wide range of specific gravities, particle size distributions, and volume concentrations within the overall slurry mixture. There are no physical or empirical bases that can justify the extrapolation or modification of the existing single species correlations to include all these effects. New experiments must be carried out to obtain new correlations that would be suited for these types of slurries, and that would clarify the mechanics of solids deposition as a function of the properties of the various solid species. Our goal in this paper is to describe a robust experimental technique for the accurate determination of the critical deposition velocity associated with the transport of slurries in horizontal or slightly inclined pipes. Because of the relative difficulty encountered during the precise determination of this useful operational parameter, it has been the practice to connect it with some transitional behavior of more easily measurable flow parameters such as the pressure drop along the slurry pipeline. In doing so, the critical deposition velocity loses its unique and precise definition due to the multitude of factors that influence such transitional behaviors. Here, data has been obtained for single species slurries made up of washed garnet and water and flowing through a 1- inch clear pipe. The selected garnet had a narrow particle size distribution with a mean diameter of 100 mm, approximately. The critical deposition velocity was measured for garnet/water slurries of 10, 20, and 30 percent solids concentration by volume.
Book Synopsis Hydraulic Properties of Hanford Waste Vitrification Project 39-4 Frit Slurries by :
Download or read book Hydraulic Properties of Hanford Waste Vitrification Project 39-4 Frit Slurries written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) conducted this study for Fluor Daniel Inc. and Westinghouse Hanford Company. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of solids loading on the hydraulic properties of frit slurries. The effect of solids loading on the hydraulic properties of the fret slurries was evaluated by testing various concentrations of frit slurries in various sized schedule 40 stainless steel piping. The pressure drop in straight and 90-degree long radius elbow sections was measured as a function of flowrate, pipe size, and solids concentration. The results of testing yielded recommendations for predicting the pressure drop as a function of solids concentration, pipe size, and flow-rate. The contribution of a 90-degree long radius elbow to the pressure drop was measured and recommendations given. Observations were also made on solids settling in the lines, wear on the testing equipment, slurry properties, and measuring equipment performance. The equipment and procedures used for pumping the high solids concentration frit slurry were successful in completing the test.
Book Synopsis A Methodology to Define the Flow Rate and Pressure Requirements for Transfer of Double-shell Tank Waste Slurries. Strategy Plan by :
Download or read book A Methodology to Define the Flow Rate and Pressure Requirements for Transfer of Double-shell Tank Waste Slurries. Strategy Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents an analysis of the pressure drop and flow rate double-shell tank slurries. Experiments to requirements for transport of characterize the transport of double-shell tank slurries through piping networks and to resuspend materials that settle during pump outages are proposed. Reported values of physical properties of double-shell tank slurries were analyzed to evaluate the flow regimes that are likely to occur during transport. The results of these evaluations indicate that the slurry will be pseudohomogeneous during transport and that the slurry rheology is sufficiently non-Newtonian to affect both the pressure drop achieved during transport and the critical Reynolds number. The transport data collected in the non-Newtonian experiment will be used to determine whether a non-Newtonian correlation developed by Hanks (1978) adequately describes the experimental results.
Book Synopsis Deposition Velocities of Non-Newtonian Slurries in Pipelines by :
Download or read book Deposition Velocities of Non-Newtonian Slurries in Pipelines written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the concerns expressed by the External Flowsheet Review Team (EFRT) is about the potential for pipe plugging at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Per the review's executive summary,?Piping that transports slurries will plug unless it is properly designed to minimize this risk. This design approach has not been followed consistently, which will lead to frequent shutdowns due to line plugging.? To evaluate the potential for plugging, deposition-velocity tests were performed on several physical simulants to determine whether the design approach is conservative. Deposition velocity is defined as the velocity below which particles begin to deposit to form a moving bed of particles on the bottom of a straight horizontal pipe during slurry-transport operations. The deposition velocity depends on the system geometry and the physical properties of the particles and fluid. An experimental program was implemented to test the stability-map concepts presented in WTP-RPT-175 Rev. 01. Two types of simulant were tested. The first type of simulant was similar to the glass-bead simulants discussed in WTP-RPT-175 Rev. 0 ; it consists of glass beads with a nominal particle size of 150 æm in a kaolin/water slurry. The initial simulant was prepared at a target yield stress of approximately 30 Pa. The yield stress was then reduced, stepwise, via dilution or rheological modifiers, ultimately to a level of
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis The Hydraulic Transport of Solids by Pipeline by : Alan Gregory Bain
Download or read book The Hydraulic Transport of Solids by Pipeline written by Alan Gregory Bain and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1970 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water by :
Download or read book Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil, Waste, and Water written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Supercritical Water Oxidation Program (SCWOP) by : United States. Department of Energy
Download or read book Supercritical Water Oxidation Program (SCWOP) written by United States. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Wastes by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Book Synopsis Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation by : Arun R. Gavaskar
Download or read book Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation written by Arun R. Gavaskar and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the limitations of conventional pump-and-treat systems in treating groundwater contaminants, permeable barriers are potentially more cost-effective than pump-and-treat systems for treating dissolved chlorinated solvent plumes, which may persist in the saturated zone for several decades. Other contaminants, such as chromium or other soluble heavy metals, can also be treated with this technology. Permeable Barriers for Groundwater Remediation discusses the types of permeable barriers, their design and construction, and how they can be monitored to evaluate compliance. It provides practical guidance on reactive media selection, treatability testing, hydrogeologic and geochemical modeling, and innovative installation techniques for the evaluation and application of this promising new technology. The types of permeable barriers discussed include: trench-type and caisson-based reactive cells; innovative emplacements, such as horizontal trenching and jetting; and continuous reactive barriers versus funnel-and-gate systems.
Book Synopsis Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Methods for the Minimization of Radioactive Waste from Decontamination and Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple text and photographs introduce the life of George Washington Carver.
Book Synopsis Monitoring in the Vadose Zone by : Lorne Graham Wilson
Download or read book Monitoring in the Vadose Zone written by Lorne Graham Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
