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Author : Qing Sun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Inequality in Present Day China written by Qing Sun and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Political Centralization in China - Implications for Regional Inequality written by Xiaobo Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While, politically speaking, China has a centralized government structure with strong top-down mandates, under the country's current fiscal system, local governments are responsible for providing most local public goods and services. Large differences in economic structures and revenue bases exist, however, causing the implicit tax rate and fiscal burdens in support of local government functions to vary significantly across jurisdictions. Regions initially endowed with a broader non-farm tax base do not need to rely heavily on new and existing firms to finance public goods provision, which creates a healthy investment environment in support of non-farm sector growth. In contrast, local governments in regions where agriculture is the major economic activity spend the majority of their resources on their own operating costs, leaving little for public investment. Because of the relatively high transaction costs associated with collecting taxes from the agricultural sector, local governments tend to levy the existing non-farm sector heavily, thereby greatly inhibiting its growth. As a result, regional differences in economic structures and fiscal dependent burdens may translate into widening gaps in equality.
Author : S. M. Ravi Kanbur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China written by S. M. Ravi Kanbur and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : LI MENG
Publisher : American Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1631818120
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Decentralization and Regional Disparities written by LI MENG and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decentralization as a method for tackling regional disparities has been implemented in countries throughout the world in the last two decades. Some scholars have noticed that decentralization is a multi-dimensional concept. However, there is still no consensus about the dimensions’ selection. In this book, based on the measurable and comparable principles, the relationships between three dimensions of fiscal, administrative and welfare decentralization are considered, and the evolution of regional inequalities in OECD countries and in China are explored. Economic data of 26 OECD countries (17 relatively rich countries, and 9 relatively poor ones) during the period from 1996 to 2009 was used to formulate regression models. It was found that fiscal decentralization, especially the decentralizing of tax authorities in relatively backward countries, has been associated with a significant rise in regional disparities. Moreover, according to the statistical results for the countries in the sample, welfare centralization and suitable local government size can lead to a reduction in regional disparities. In the case of China, data analysis and institutional one were paired in order to assess the dynamic relationships between decentralization and regional disparities (from the three dimensions mentioned above). An unstable, nonstandard and asymmetrical fiscal decentralization system directly results in regional disparities, which can be strengthened by a highly decentralized public service delivery system. In addition, rigid government size, segmented government structures and ‘yardstick’ competition mechanisms (used for creating competition among local governments) hinder coordination and cooperation in and among regions, and further exacerbate regional disparities.
Author : Shenggen Fan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135972257
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Regional Inequality in China written by Shenggen Fan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As regional inequality looms large in the policy debate in China, this volume brings together a selection of papers from authors whose work has had real impact on policy, so that researchers and policy makers can have access to them in one place.
Author : Jiakai Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Economic Growth, Fiscal Inequality and Fiscal Decentralization written by Jiakai Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of inequality in the geographic distribution of fiscal resources on regional economic growth under fiscal decentralization policy in the context of China's experience, using panel data for 28 provinces over the period 1987-2010. In the recent past, the structure of decentralized government in China has undergone two significant fiscal reforms: the “Fiscal Responsibility System” (FRS) in 1987-1993, and the “Tax Sharing System” (TSS) in 1994. I find that there are different impacts of overall fiscal inequality on economic growth pre-and post-1994. Second, I show that fiscal decentralization could improve regional growth in China. Finally, this paper finds that the use of extra-budgetary funds could reduce the economic growth gap between rich and poor provinces.
Author : Felix Haifeng Liao
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135166977X
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book Regional Inequality in Transitional China written by Felix Haifeng Liao and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates uneven regional development in China – with particular focus on the cases of Guangdong and Zheijiang provinces – which have been at the forefront of debate since Chinese economic reform. Rapid economic growth since the ‘opening-up’ of China has been accompanied by significant disparities in the regional distribution of income: this book represents one of the most recent studies to present a picture of this inequality. Built upon a multi-scale and multi-mechanism framework, it provides systematic examination of both the patterns and mechanisms of regional development and inequality in provincial China, emphasizing the effects of economic transition. Approaching from a geographical perspective, its authors consider the interplay between the local, the state, and the global forces in shaping the landscape of regional inequality in China. Extensive empirical findings will prove useful to those researching other developing countries within the frontier of globalization and economic transition. Regional Inequality in Transitional China will appeal to scholars and students of geography, economics and Chinese studies more broadly.
Author : Yongzheng Liu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization, Equalization, and Intra-Provincial Inequality in China written by Yongzheng Liu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a nationwide county-level panel dataset for the years 1995-2009, this paper conducts the first analysis in the literature to examine the impacts of fiscal decentralization and fiscal equalization, both measured at the sub-provincial level, on intra-provincial inequality in China. While fiscal decentralization offers significant advantages regarding public expenditure efficiency, a potentially large disadvantage is that it may lead to increased regional inequality. In this paper, in line with our theoretical hypotheses, we find that while fiscal decentralization at the sub-provincial level in China leads to larger intra-provincial inequality, fiscal equalization efforts performed by provincial governments tend to mitigate the detrimental effect of fiscal decentralization on intra-provincial inequality. Our results also indicate that the quantitative effects of fiscal decentralization on regional inequality tend to be larger when they are measured from the expenditure side, which is consistent with the fact that expenditure decentralization is a much more meaningful measure of decentralization in China. Overall, we provide evidence on the potential inequality costs of using fiscal decentralization as a development strategy. At the same time, we emphasize the importance of implementing a fiscal equalization program to ensure the overall success of decentralization policy.
Author : Ravi Kanbur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China written by Ravi Kanbur and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper constructs and analyzes a long-run time series for regional inequality in China from the Communist Revolution to the present. There have been three peaks of inequality in the last fifty years, coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s. Econometric analysis establishes that regional inequality is explained in the different phases by three key policy variables--the ratio of heavy industry to gross output value, the degree of decentralization, and the degree of openness.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264174842
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)
Download or read book OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies Measuring Fiscal Decentralisation Concepts and Policies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with two issues. The first concerns the various measurement of fiscal decentralization in general and their usefulness for policy analysis. The second and more specific issue concerns the taxonomy of intergovernmental grants and the limits of the current classifications.
Author : Wei Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (969 download)
Download or read book The Influence of Chinese Fiscal Decentralization on Regional Economic Growth written by Wei Wu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anping Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book The National and Regional Effects of Fiscal Decentralisation in China written by Anping Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal decentralisation has played a significant role in the development of China's economy over the past three decades. Yet there has been only limited analysis of the way in which decentralisation might affect variables such as welfare, output and income at the aggregate level and none at the regional level. This paper makes a contribution to redressing this lack by analysing the aggregate and regional effects of various policies which aim to change the balance between fiscal activities of the national and regional governments. We do this within a small theoretical model designed to capture some of the features of the Chinese economy. The model is solved numerically based on a parameterisation using Chinese data. We analyse four different simulations, all of which involve a cut in central government expenditure and a transfer of resources to the regional governments. The policies which we simulate differ according to the assumed reaction of the regional governments: (1) they adjust expenditure on the consumption good, (2) they adjust infrastructure expenditure, (3) they maximise the welfare of the representative citizen, and (4) they maximise the size of their own budget. We find that the aggregate economic effects of decentralisation depend on the precise nature of the policy and that aggregate benefits may often mask a deterioration in the inter-regional distribution of those benefits.
Author : Peter Friedrich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783830507208
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization written by Peter Friedrich and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiaozhong Sun
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (797 download)
Download or read book Regional Economic Inequality of China written by Xiaozhong Sun and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the underlying mechanisms of uneven regional development in China, with a particular focus on institutional factors, given the country's significant social, economic, and political transitions since the late 1970s. The study aims to empirically analyze the role of state and institutional factors in shaping the spatial distribution of economic activities, in addition to conventional neoclassical factors.The first study calculates regional inequality using the Generalized Entropy indices, with GDP per capita data from sub-provincial levels. The study utilizes innovative remote sensing data, such as nighttime light intensity, alongside census data to measure regional inequality, providing a comprehensive perspective on its evolution. A panel fixed effect model is employed for regression analysis, examining the relationship between various factors and provincial-level inequality over time, with a specific focus on factors representing the state's role.Empirical evidence indicates that within-group inequalities contributed more significantly to overall regional inequality in China from the early 1990s to the late 2010s than between-group inequalities. Although regional inequality peaked in 2003, according to census data, spatial datasets show a consistent decrease from 1992 to 2019 without any clear turning point. The multimechanism regression analysis reveals that provinces with a higher share of private enterprises, increased expenditure decentralization, and greater openness to global trade tend to exhibit higher intra-provincial inequality. This finding underscores the substantial impact of both market and state forces on regional inequality within the Chinese context.The second study employs a quasi-experimental design to investigate the effect of changes in administrative structure on county-level regional economic growth. The study selects counties that became county-level cities during the first round of policy implementation as the treatment group and employs the latest difference-in-difference methods, considering heterogeneous treatment effects across different groups and timings, to estimate the actual treatment effect of administrative structure adjustments.The results demonstrate that upgraded county-level cities did not outperform their county counterparts in urban and economic growth, as measured by average nighttime light intensity. Following the upgrade, the growth rate of county-level cities declined over time. These findings remain significant and consistent after multiple robustness checks. The negative impact of administrative restructuring is closely linked to the detrimental effects of expanding governance scope and diminishing fiscal, economic, and political resources for county-level cities due to the subtle power dynamic shifts accompanying administrative structure adjustments.The third study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the cause-effect relationship of uneven regional development in China by examining the influence of land-based capital accumulation processes. The research offers robust empirical evidence supporting the positive association between urban land leasing--represented by the share of land leasing revenue at the prefecture-level city--and economic growth, as measured by GDP per capita in China between 2007 and 2018. This correlation, which varies spatially and temporally, may contribute to the uneven regional development observed in contemporary China.
Author : Yumin Sheng
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139490311
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Economic Openness and Territorial Politics in China written by Yumin Sheng and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why and how has the Chinese central government so far managed to fend off the centrifugal forces under rising globalization that are predicted to undermine national-level political authority everywhere? When institutionally empowered by centralized governing political parties as in China, national politicians confronting the menace of economic openness will resort to exercising tighter political control over the subnational governments of the 'winner' regions in the global markets. Although its goal is to facilitate revenue extraction, redress domestic economic disparity, and prolong the rule of national leaders, regionally targeted central political control could engender mixed economic consequences. Sheng examines the political response of the Chinese central government, via the ruling Chinese Communist Party, to the territorial challenges of the country's embrace of the world markets, and the impact of the regionally selective exercise of political control on central fiscal extraction and provincial economic growth during the 1978–2005 period.
Author : Oksana Dynnikova
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513573640
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia written by Oksana Dynnikova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how regional disparities have evolved in Russia and how Russia’s system of intergovernmental fiscal relations is managing these disparities. Regional disparities have fallen over the past two decades but remain relatively high. Socioeconomic outcomes remain worse in lagging regions despite faster growth and convergence in income levels. The twin shocks of COVID-19 and lower oil prices appear to have impacted richer regions disproportionately. Compared to other large countries with federal systems of government, Russia stands out with its high reliance on direct taxes as a revenue source for its regions. Transfers from the federal budget to the regions provide some redistribution by reducing the dispersion in real per capita fiscal spending, but also tend to be associated with lower growth. The Russian fiscal system offers degrees of redistribution and risk sharing of around 26 and 18 percent, respectively—with in-kind social transfers contributing the most. Finally, federal transfers in the aggregate tend to be procyclical and are also fairly unresponsive to shocks to regions’ own revenues.
Author : Jon Sigurdson
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684172047
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Rural Industrialization in China written by Jon Sigurdson and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Small-scale industries in rural areas in China are today an essential element of regional development programs. This monograph analyzes two main development strategies. One involves technology choices in a number of industrial sectors, most of which were initiated during the Great Leap Forward in the late fifties. The scaling down of modern large-scale technology through a product or quality choice, combined with changes in the manufacturing processes, is discussed at some length for nitrogen chemical fertilizer and cement. The other approach is the integrated rural development strategy where a number of activities are integrated within or closely related to the commune system. This strategy includes industry as only one component of many instruments where improved public health, education, and improved agricultural technology contribute to achieving such policy objectives as increased employment and productivity."
